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磬21͸Ůһؿƾ֮أײС̼֮Ů
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˼ڳѧϣü𣿡

װ뷭֮䷴Ժĸʵȫۺϻ
ҪѧֲũѧԺˣׯ߲˲һ
ľЧ̫ͣǻеѧԺˣһƷչũҵ
б̫󲻺ãǲĻѧԺˣT10Ÿֺճ

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δ󣬱ʹԾ촩磬ڸС

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ʱ֣㡭治ʶһ£

ݱǩ ж Խʱ  ƾ
һ仰飺䣬ɻ
⣺Ƽʵ˹Ųäӡ
1.   1    ֮Ŀƾ֮

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Ѿͷɴúܣٵɹ̽š
˵Ǳնֹ磬ɫҴңдʣȫŷӿȥ

˳еһԱ
ŲȹϱСĿƽ٣ɫشܡ
ٵԲС̷֧˲̯һܹͭʣеɬ̯λԵʽ
ˣⳡ棬Ǹʱĸ߿Ҳй֮޲ˡ

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¼ҡϣһĿˣְҵȫɶ³ȫְǹԱȻ˽¸Լ棬˵˾С̼֡ҵ˺š
¼Ҳ

Ҳʡ
᲻úһ裬ȴԸϣ벹һ䣺лл硣
ºһЦǰߡ

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ʥϵһٶɴƶȫƾȳĵ
أĵһͳλ״Ԫǵ֮Ŀƾ֮硣

ֵǣصǴ˷μһεԡ

ΪŮӣȻڿƾ֮С
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һеڣǱǿ˽׼ķֱӴӵλµֱ̼ɳ͢ˣͷٹǹҫ¡
ˣҵӡӣص㱣

һţ־˼֡
ؽֵŻ󿪣վſڷߺȽ̯Ķ࣬ԭĽֵ˿Եӵ²ʢ׬һʡ

֡Ŵ£һĸСӣ̲ס˼ۡ

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ѲɿƾٿԻ˰ݿ
ǲӦðǾ

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һˣɻ󣬡˭
¶ݵĿ⣬̾ĵ۶ʮ״Ԫ
Ҳϡ
ϡЦ״ԪԪڵ״ԪʲߣԶԴ˵һЩ˱ָ˲ͷ

·˵ż񣬽ϲĽ֮Ա
ĵǰݿҲһ
ٴοһϣڵݱһǸʲôģƳ˫Цһۣ˵ģʵû״Ԫ

ҡҡͷǰߣ˳˾䣺ʲô
ʥޱȵش𣺡ͥ

ֵĽת˼ӣԼĪǱλãڿ˿ֺֿĵطԺ
ԺǿרŵĿԳɵø죬һصĿǿԡһЩؽԺģҲٽؽЩǮǵĿǰԡ

˵ִᱣҲʷĹԺַ½һЩ㣬зǲܻʱȥġ
ֵط˺üۡ

Ժſ˸ڣʮòֵڣһһ鿼ĻǷдԼıīǷϸ񡭡

ٿ磬ѾȫȻû˷ŵأ˺ڳĨĨѲץ߰㡣
꣬һɰܣٿûʵѧ̬ϡ
ֶʶղȣ̸еĲۺʵ鷨ֻеڲ

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һԵȻشߴ٣ȥɣˡ

ҵͷĨһĵļ̤́ʯס

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ĵ֪ŭϲ飬һдֱ
Ժţֻһ֡ϡ

ŮǸʲôϽߣòһȡ
ѭȥиòָ
żҪ£ҶӣһŮȷʵ㡣
Ҫ뿪ͻȻԣʱһ
ˣİǸˡ

æſȥǡüϣԼԺȥ˿ûԼˡ

硱
ţ޻˵ʲô壬أ˽ȥ

䲻Ǳõıīֽ⣬ȴװĸ
ÿ죬ڿǲ뿪ģסڿС
ûʳܳŵù죬Ҳڼ״̬𣬽Ӱ췢ӡ

缸ûԥ첽ǰȥ
Щ뿪òߣֱײسˣʱͬ飬еˮһסȥ·

վסţ͵ֻǸҸͶղߵüá
У˵꣬òһڴϣǹԺ㵱ʲôطһŮ
ҸſڣҰѰ뿪
òͷذ֣вУݽȥĶҪϸģ͸

ʱǸԲŮӣò硱ЩǮ˵׼¾ͳˡ
ƫƫһ򲻶ЩҲһŲ̫㳤ѣҲΪࡣ

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ò˵ƿԣȴɲɿڣ˵ˣǲܸƹصģֵܼķ뻹ҪҪ

翴ŽյĿƾȳ뵽˹Ķ˲ŵ޺ƾƵշижƾҲҪġ

ûע⵽Ժǰʱͣһϵûֻгڳͷʹţʲôˡ
յĹ򣬴ӴͻȻһֻǽڷ֣ѽһ죬ƺҪʲôڿڳԣϿƾٸĸ

Σֻջأִӽݳһ
ӹԽǸòǰ
ֺͲ񳵷򣬵

һ翴Ǽ˵ɫˣˮһգæֵͷ
ǼòＸ䣬Ҳ˵˵»صϣݡһʻ˹Ժ

ò̬ͻȻ˸һٰʮȴת䣬ԽӹеİԱߵˣһ£Ҫûʲô⣬ýȥ
硣˵˿Ե硣
ԣһĿ

ʳмд¼Ҳ֮˼ʱ
ٰıС飬ȷûʲô⣬ϵú˽ȥ

л뿪Ժ
ȫû峵û˵ʲôֻƼƺǸơ
׹ŻڵգʵûʲôС
׹ǶССīǻоӣīɫȴ޶Ե÷ɧࡣ

Ī˵һۡ




2.   2    µӹ

İͽȥ

ѵһ֣ȴû˼й䡣
ԸʹȻǰѧУʱֶǱͬѧǿȥȥճæãʱⶼ׸˿С
ǰʵңڵƾʱʵǲ֪Щʲô
ȥо涴

ԭ·ʱҪƧЩӣԶûֻ֣ϡϡ̯λ
ߵӾͷתͻȻһ˽Ųһ٣ȥ

ⶫ飬صλ״Ԫɶҷ⣬벻ȫ㡣
𻰵Ǹŵģɣ̫ˣңҡ
ؼҵĶӺи״Ԫɰ鰡Ǯö±硣

ԥ˻ƺ˵öˣҧҧ˵öԣ״Ԫ͸һ±ܵȫҵͣǸ

ˣҵթƭ
Ϊһɶϣе˵֪ԼѾھУ

ǰ£ֱӹܡ
һǸˣִҵթƭʤܲҲԼΣҾ˵ı׼ˡ
¼ֱ֤ӽزţȵ˱ץԣѾʵҿϴձˡ

ֻûֻ¼գǲȥңһɢı硣
ԥµӹˡ

¡

ڵ̯ǸñˣҹȻǸǿ쳣Ķֻǿĥ⻬ʯͷ
̾Ҳܵ
Ǹʲô

ñϲɵԸ⻨ԩǮڿԴ׬һѣû뵽µģ
ѾͷƬӣⲻ⣬Ͻ߸Ͻߣ

һ챻ϰ˻ص粻⻰̯λǰʮؽñš
ֻʼ⣬λֵܻԸҾͲٴš

ñֻ֦⣬Ǯ뿪أɵӿ޶Ҳط
ԥò¶ľıһ仰ɾס磬૵ʣʡ
ñʮûԵʡ

Ӹ£ԴȻ⣬ΪβȥֵĽƧ˵Сӣ
⡭
ñҭ£ѸɵⶫԵģô˷Ƭľ֮ء

ͷҲʣϲľй˿ţΪʲôղһӦǸˣ
ñۼ©Ӳ𣿡

ָָԱߵʣ񣿡
ñ


λֵܣ㡣תʵﻹ𣿡
С𣺡һһŮ
ǷÿҪ
̾˿˿һС˵۾ۡ
СŮǷÿܳԱ
ͷСŮÿֻܳ١

ȻĵײЩͬ飬ҲҪǼȫǮƣ翵

ʵѾ⼸ʵĿ뵽ԼܽСŮĳиǲ̡
ͬ᲻һһǶ汣ء

磬ǰŮӣҲʮ߰ӣȴ·𶮺ܶĪΡ
˼ǣҲ

һֻ˽飬
һקĵġԾڴˡ˵ڡ
ʵûʲôӣԼһ뿪ñֺӡ
ǣĵص˵ͷ

˲ҵĹǣ鶼ɿЩ˵ġ

߳һϷǱȻпϷ
ⲻˣǹԺǰͣתǴ֪ˡ

Ҳ֪ĴûŲλӳǧʼŮ
Ҳˣģ峺˵ӸǲԵôĶײ
гĲ֪ǳޱ𣺡ӣ飬ǳϳŵıؾ֮·

⻰Ҳ治Ц
ָпݣ˵ǲϺ·ȴľ߼͵
𣺡š

ֻϧ鷳ඡЩֻ
֪Լҹ˵Ůӣȴʲô˼ọ̈̄Ůȫѹñ̷鷳

һͲʲôˣüۣСòرλ⣬вǺ޵ĵֲԶҲжһǱˣպб֮еˡ
ķڷҹӳ˲׵ʱʱ䶼ͦס

ƹ֣Ƿе˭Ⱦƽ֪[1]

糹׵˲ñһͷ뿪
תʱһʻ죬ڹԺһģһ֪Ϊֳ
ɻ󣺡Ҫ

صǻƻ衣

Ҫ£ܷٷŰǾһº¡
ĳ涴о裬ڼѧϰ¼ܣ廨񡭡
ΪԼ̲˵ߣôҲǹõģֱһΰѷյð죬ָͷ廨ƣѾͷԽԽȥˣǰˡ

磺
Ǹϴ·ܻ硣
ﵶ춹ģһ䣬һ߽Ҳѧ˲١

Űѵõĺ
ٿأŵһʱ俴ǷҲһͻؼҵģŰȫĿĴ£һϢ϶ͬԭһһϯأϢ

Ժһ˰ǽ񵥻ûѾΧ㡣
ʱһòŸŻʼҺİ˼͵ĿУ˰

ҿҿ
ǰ˵һЩŰ
ˣˣоˣ
ǴûС


Ժǰ˺ôһ졣
оٵġġϲġߵġ˼̬ˡ

ڲԶһͷñĹ۲һС
ۼֿסԾˡ
ɻؿʲô
ñӶӣ£Ǯġ


ɫУһλʧǣڣһϳհʯͷ

֣ϲϰ񰡡
ˣû̧ͷһۣذڰ̨֣˵ЦԲУ񣬺ϲ֮С
ƴԼһ£ôô򣬶ֵҲ˵
Ƴһۣͬ洺磬ʣ̨˰ɣ
Ҳϣֻ˵ðˣǰʯˡ

һ⻰ػˣæʣʯڳСģ
ǣֵҲ֪״Ԫ鰡ҵٻؼҰݰݣһҲһеڣ˵״ԪӦǲڻ¡

״Ԫۡ۴̼ˣһץסˣ״ε棿ô飿
Ҳ¶죺ֵܾ֪ȱɲ˭ġ
·ȭġ

ֵܷ˵ӣĪҲ֪Ǹңôûأ˵Ͱˡ
Խڣʹޣң˱˵Ĳˡ
װߣ˶ǲģô࿼ϰޡĽթ˹

ط֣ǲ֪ġ
ɽеľ顣
˳˵һ緹Ѿͷ
ЦС䵽ĹЩġ

ٽʱмܽҡ
ܱߺ磡㣡

һɤӰȫҶˡ
ʣǲǷŰˣ
ǣһ·ģ綼ˣŰˣ֣

ĸЦһ仨ģ濴
Сܲϵ𣿡

ܸˣðѸͽȻ˷˰
о٣Ҳġ
ĸЦɱȥ

Сæסĸæ㱻˸浽ˣү㣬ٲ·ϣ





3.   3    ûǮ

˵䣬һйٲѾ

ĸ񣺡ٸˣô찡
磺ţ˺¡

浽ٸѾµԵɡ
էմñңӲ˭
ֻǣұĺôеȱ٣
Ӧ
Ǿֻ֮Թˡ

Ƭ֮䣬µԭί
żϻһ˵Ҫû캦£ٸҴߣҲô
ɵѾͷĸŭ䲻Ϊʲôû˼Ҷ˵ſڳϿûǮ˼ͶˣƫѾͷֲǸģˡ

簲οȱ𼱣õҾ͸ģٸҪǲҾ͸˵ŲûŲ𣿡
ĸӡУǶˣ״ŮûжһߵĶҪԿġ
ˣô˵㰲˲١

ԭţûҪȻѾ֪ԭίͲܰװݡ
һ˵ż͹ȻڿɵѾͷȴϵĲС

ǰѺǵľˣԺסǼλò硣
ͬһǰһٴ̤ȥص·
ֻ֮ǰǸϿŸ硣
Ǵ٣á

ﵹûٵǣ෴ͦʶõ̡
˵ҲЦִĻûȤ뿪ʵңЩζɼǰ˶ٶ

ص빱ԺԶ
ԭշŰֵǹԺֻǱͨĺȺȫ߿ˡ
˿ѾΧˮйͨġֵġµĶˡ
ûֻҲҵعڣδã׬һͬ顣

صճ£һ֡
Ϊصĸĸ٣·ʻ࣬ϾĹٶҲð֪ĲãǵλٶԵá

ڸ·Էһյ裬ӣ˴Եọ̈̄¹ѾԭԭĻ㱨ϣвָ֮㡣

Ķյ޳ָ໨ϣ޶ԳַšƲƲĭһ¶һῡı£һ˫һۣ⡰һƽ
ԶȥҲϵĺÿ

һһ䣬²յ´˵ЦˣȫĿƾ֮磬Ϊĸ٣Կƾһ;о飬εĹȴͽĸָ㡣

ҿ´Ƣã͸һ䡰кιɡ

´ˡӷˣصĿƾ֮ȻŨ񣬿ȡ֮࣬ȴҲǺ©
ЦţûʲôѰ˼׺ȴСôһ˵ó·ĳ

·æָ㡣

´µعأǺ£ȴЩ֪ͨˡǻѴǮٰƾٿԣԸ͢ѡ˲ΪԣвΪ޹ؽҪСʧʵѧ˰

·ǣʵҲע⵽⣬κδϹӹɣʼûҵһеĶȡ

Ӽգڳаãֲ֮Ȼʢа
Ҫ˵ϸ·ỹֻĳζֱð麹æ¹ʧ죬պ󡭡𶨵ϲ飡

Ц´˲ؾţҲָֻ⣬ʩͷ´ˡĳᣬɻϴþΡǵ¸صϹٶպ󻹵ָ㡣
ʩ˵ֲ©âֱó·۷

ʱò˵ϸǹѾ
ϱյշ䡣

·ṫӿӿԸǰһۣ
ӰֵĳϰҲ㵽ǰȥҵϲ֣֪´˵Ĺû֮࣬ҡ

еģеġ
ã·Ҳö˵ʲôֻ˵Ը

ڹϼϣʵĲ룬ں΢һܸɳ²֡
ûƫƧû˾
ؾôĴһ˻ǲġ
ǲñ̷ۣͽˡ
ˣͱ˳

·Ӷů߳ڡ֮£ľһģߵˮأ볪䡱
̣ϾȽ˼֣ԭ汻˭Ұ

絨ӵǱˣţдϲۡ
ҰĿͶλϡ
ԼĪ֮ͣϣƲķЩ飬˽ӦǸ֮ˡۼԵһ
Ҳ˵ǸûǮĵط

ƺûеѰ졣

ѾڿġС˼ҹѯʵģྶͥȫͬһ

·Ļ磺ȷд£
ơǡ

·ᷴʷ䣺ȷŽΪĻ
ᶨǣżһλͬȷʵʯеġ

·ûű̬
ֵģǷڹԺĿ·ʵʯɱаǿŰ

Ҫôоٵģλķͬ飬ڣҪôģʧ֮һұ棬֮֮ȣҵЩο˷ĻԼΪʲôûһ飬ָͲⰧˡ

Ⱥ˳·Ļһʱû˻ش
Ƭ̺󣬾ȻһС˵Լİɡ

ĬĬ̾˿
·һƫͷ磬ɲӿеġ֮硱û뵽صĿƾٷѾֵܻزˡ
ѹֳ͢ˡ

ֱ޻̸֮ʯͷѵܾǿȡ
з·һͬȥһλӡ
Ǳˣ硣

Ⱥ˳ԣǹɣ϶ԼӰǷϣͲô˵ˡ
Ǻ˹ĵǣʥ鶼ˣ

ôأ
綼ûɼҲǺöˣ⡣
ǰһûô飬˼һԸһԸʲô°
ͬаɣۺ˼¡

ӡ˵Ⱥ²ǻǲñжϹûסˣ´Ѱඡ
𣺡Ҫ棿
ٵȵȡ

˵ҲǸδµȺֱ֮һؿڣ˵
ͷ硱ҡҡͷ

ţԳ·ˣղȷʵ˵ˣǷʯ̷ͬУλʯұչԼ⡣
⻰ãϹ˵ʲôأ

·ҲΪ⣺Ŷ
ӻͳһöң˵֤һ⣬ڳ˿Ը룬ңԤ˭ǰ





4.   4    

绰һ䣬ֹסͷӶ

Ԥǰذɡ
²ǹʱ䣬Իүɣ
ҪԤУ˴ôԤа
Ҳţֳʾǿ


һƬ·Ҳͷۡ
Թԭͼ֮ߵģǹΧⰸӾˡ

˭֪ԼϸײԼԤǰ
⣬ⲻǵﲻ֮

´Ϊţž˵ܲι֡
һһӰ΢΢˵ͷ

Ż˵㵽ǰӣҴڸС

ڸСͷˣ·ᵹԸ˳ߡ
λػǾǣԶǲͽ

·ľľٶеĸȤԸʾ￴˵˰ٵۡ

ͷ׼һ⣬ʿƺƶС
˵ת⣺пԸⳡԣҪʮλš

һָͨʹϵ´µֵеæˡ

һɸ⣬صٺͬپµѡԵ⡣
˵ˣͬٺòæԵһ̣֪ĸ˽ܹء

·˳ӵ˼·ӦҪȴû뵽һ⡣
˵ˣŶûվ۴ֲʶ⣿붼롣

ȿȡ
˴ŽɤӲԼڸԵδ̫ߡ

·أʶ˳ȥͻȻһĶͷ԰
ⲻֳɵ
ȫôأټڸ󡢺ԺӼ࣬ʺϳ˾ˡ
ֵó´ֱ¿ͷʫ̤ЬٴȻףȴڵƻɺ

ɺȥڸ󣬲ϱУȥˡ
ī˳ʹƽʱ˵ʲôˣⶼӸԺǰϼһôϸš

ԼѲӣбʲͣϲ£𰡣ǵǵ㴺ϷûӣܿôһϷûǮٲ𡣡
𣺡
ͦ

ӵ꣬һߵʡīԸ뿼ԵĿҲѾλóʱ
˼Ⱥ棬ǹԤгɼ湫ñ㿼˾Ŀƾٿԣ˭̣

ʼպ򾲣ֱԾůŲü

һһַԾʱѹʣҼҹ㣬Ҫæ𣿡
ûԥҪ
شøɴѳŪһ㶣ԭù飬һгôҪæ
ڿһԸһԸľԼ

ӳһƵ⣬ī壬ѣʽԲͬʱֻ涨һʱ

ʱ䲻ͷҲˣյԾ졣
Χۿֵȴ˿٣ԽԽࡣ
ɲɫϷҲһµģλ˶Щˡ

ڣԽ졣
ڿʣԾߣб˽п죬Цտˡ
⿴Ʋѣȴˮƽÿ˵Ĳѧ׼ð˷ֳɡŵȡ
Ҫ·ͶԿÿεϤգԶﲻˮ׼

ľܿ죬ʮԾϡ
˴εĽҰ񣬱ԽҰƺڴԵĿÿ˵ĳɼܿǹԤǰ

һŴεʮ˵Ծ
ٴνߣһ
΢΢ͷ߳á

մﵽ˶壬סΪýŵòУҲ۾´˶ߵ⣬һ

絹һˮչʾҽ棬Ȼ̳˦ɰɡ
ţڵһԾϷסң漷ˮԾ档

ȥƣȻȴʲôû

ߵڶԾǰԾظһ鷽ŵĶ
ʱ˾ȵ鷢ˣԾιˮĵط𽥱˺ɫ
ƽǡ

˻ȻԾûȫҿǶɳֻ̬ȡ

ʮԾһһϣѡݣ湫Ծĳɼǰݡ

ˣѲԤУܲܰԤ´ܲа
ҲԤ°ҲԤ£ˣ뿴Իô
ȻԤгɼܲѺⰡ

⡭⡣
ſ˵ĿɿڴؿһУ׷ӸͻȻˡ
ϵж˰
ѵԲеԭԼûٵ
ﻹ

ۿŷ䣬ˣδϹѧõˡ
ൽǰ·˼˲õ
Ȼҽ⿪ͳĶʣ֪ʲô𣿡

˲˼ش
Ⱥкܿϳˣ̫ȷɵⲻ䳤һֲ𣿺Се¡

翴һǸֵĴ
˵öԣǿеıȷֻһֲݡ

ôԾ찡
ѲֲǱҼҺԺǰ

ָϣմд׾ۣԾʱ˳ͿĨԾı߽ǣȻڵֲݵ֭ҺԾȻͱˡ
ҺҵˣⱾҵļƣǶһЩСԻ 
ҲʯͬУ֮ô˵λǻ߼ʯʲôͥ֮١

Īǹӣ

绹֪ԼĻϥϲһȻƿкܶ಻ȱ㣬ѾĿǰԹƽһѡƶˡ
ǵΨһ׼ԼʵѧʵѧߣɣûʵѧͶȡߣܣ

ⷬݽҲˣֱӯĵˡĲݡĺ׳־

ʱϰΪʹһǵӵ棬˾ؿƾٿԵĲ֮磬ϲ鷷챦ߡ
´˺⡣

һĿİԳ䲻ĽĻܽɢȥȴȥů
·¹ȻһٲҲֵˣûˣָ˴Цݡ


Ծʵб°ɣ
·ЦŵͷҲȦӣĺƯ֪û˰æҪôΪԼΧأ

ͳֻɵңߵ·ǰһõֽһΡ

·ЦѾ֪һֽű죬ʾˡ
û̻ش𣬰ֽٵ·ǰֽûʱһ죬𽥱ɫ
·죺⡭

͵ˣմǼۣû죬ǳɫ
֮ǰҴŲµ˭Ҫ淢ңҼҳմСвֲݣ˳ֳ걸ˡ
˳صĿƾٷȷŨȴҲЩа仹Լһף˻ص˶һķ
û˰æҾֻȿΣǰԾ죬Ծȿȷʵ³ˣҿԸæ

˺Ȼƽкá

ͷȥĿһ˫һۡ
⣬λ¾˲¶ˡ
ΰҵ˰ɣлˡ

·æλǡ

û˵꣬ͱӴϣѣǳԶݡ
ͻȻݵĳ

罫Žɣݣ
·ֱð
ĵǺ飬ֱԵǣµġ

ٳٲ˵ٸʵףʲô
ЦЦ𣺡µľˡ

·᣺




5.   5    λ

ˣ
Ŀؿ˵ˣ˿һ㲻񰡡
ڹԺ׾ΧɳãƸЩմ״ʵġ
˲˵ҲܲţĵءŶ

ЦӸˡȴû˼ȥҲ֪ôƺˣͷһԹ˳νѧʶˡ

ǿأó
䲻ƿˮƽֳ⡢ģɼˮƽһ㣬ٵǸʿϡ
²ֻǿô򵥡

Ȼ·Ƭ̣ʼԼĿġ
˵صѧԺ

˿ڣһѧԺǿһֱĵط
κμﲻԣѡһںɽ
ʱߣôѧԺ˲̫ࡣ

ûʵʵش𣺡ûС

ѧԺ˵ȫ쵱ġ
ԺżߣǾϵܽ룬سλ״ԪѧԺ顣

ҲһЩʶţԺƸ¼ȡΪԵ󡣿˵Ժţӱֳϰϡ
ȻһЩǮ˼ҵӵܣԸǮӳճǳɳ棬ÿԼ

ԶھǡͷһصѣѧԺš
Ϊմû֪Ҳ֮У˿ԵЩªˡ

εЦЦԽ¡

ͷˣУ
˵ʲôѲȥ飿ȰУʫ֡ҾȴһȤûС

·ЦеԺСǮҲŶ
һ˫һۣͬЦͦá

ɵشˣܸоᵽһɲζ
ֱֱȥˣʵ˵ʲôֱ˵

·ƽǰϹˣôĻǡյһСЩҲס
ƫϬ˽չһϷ˲Լͬ˸뷨

´Ļѧǣ뵽ѧԺû뵽ѧʺõĥɳڣ罫ȥҲزһ˲ŵ硣

Ͽ˿ƾٸµϣȲҿλŮУѳ漣
صѧԺǡþѡ·͸©ô˼˾Ȼͬһļϡ

ǣڹﻪرλơˡ

·˵չ˹ڹϵɣ˹ڹĳ´ʣ˼ʵڸߣѧʶҲ㣬
˼ͷԺȴһ㣬ΪѧԺ


ԭ˵ˣǳӿɽ̣ȥԺ飬ӾŮװ˵Ů޲űǵ£Լʫʵû֣Ůʵڡ
Ҳǿѡ

˭ϵȥ
ѿڶҲᡣ

Цҡҡͷܸ棬㱾ֻԼףȴʾһԤСЩۣڳѧ޲ܽⲻʩ̡ѭѭʲô
˵ǸеģһۿΪҵȰҲȳ·˵

ͻȻãڵҪǷŵִƱ硢ƱԼҵHRΪ

ԴܼѼƣмʶ۽硢ʦ¡еϱĪλ
νԶʧһƨϡ

ۣϱӻ治ǡ

ڲŲˣϸǸƱġ
ϣٿڵĻᣬһѲҪϴһҹԣ

ӡʱı֮ǰѰõĽڣҡʫʵû֣̲飬ӵܣʵڡŮʵڡ
λˣӦòҪΪˡ

ܾóףٿƣԵЩ̫顣
·ϧصͷϧˡ

ǣ·ỹź̾˿
ԺҲ෴ÿǰԼҹϵﲻ
·һһЩвͽΪǮʵڲʺϵѧԺ
պòһƸ񲻼ƽԱ𣬷˼һˡ

û̫ķӦڳ´˵ϣһƷ
عȻ뾩ǲͬԶﻪ챦ȴ£˺¶ʮȤ˾Ϊ֮һ

·ῴ̲ס޵Ӻ̬
Ѵ𣺡Ҳ̬ãұȴ˸ȥѧԺ
·ɻΪΡ
Ϊλա

Цǹ￴ЩĮ磬ʵơҹһΪεθСҰˣʲôһ˵ҪԺʶ̫ġ

·ᱻ˵ȻǰˣΪΡ⹫ǴĿģ
ǹһǶˣΪ֮ڻЩܼ£Ҫ˵¡ʵе̫ˡ

ǰҲ·ͬĿ˵²ؼ߸߹𡱣ܲ鷳ͲԼ£һҵϡ
ⶼû

ʵֻԼԭԼڵ¡
绹ڶʱĶһĹڿȴûзһ˵֡ʱһСȥʦΪʲôⱾڿûйˣʦΪо̫ܶɹԭӣڿԹ˵ͶϿ

ǣУᣬ֧о䶯ĳɹȴһδˡڿ޹ˡѿ档

Щǲ֪ģ֮Կܸɫɫ˴򽻵
ĳ̶ֳ˵ôҲûд

ͬʱѾصϡ

ѾʱΪʡǮһЪϢĽ硣
ȴǵȫǵƻ

綨ۿȥǰۼ˲˾Żѡ
ŵƻżس·

˵ǵڵǣżˡ
ϲ˵΢ů

Ȼػǳ˿һָ˸Ŀڣ̳
ѾͷѾͷͻ鷳˵ְʲôʲôˣ˼Ұ浽ٸȥ
ԱæȰûˣˡԺɱ˵ñˣҿˡ
ĸֻάã˿ⱿѾͷô˿ۣôһģ¶
ҲȰɩⶼɶƽллˡ


˲öĴʶܻó֣̻ĳܰ
Ϊûֻԣû䣬ֻ磬˸ӡ

ĸЦŸһģ˵ΪѾͷľսһ죬оٵϲ£ɱͷúÿһ١

½ڻعζˣ
ڲסЦ㣬ʱҪЩͬ

ͻȻ£ƫͷ磺ãհǵλӣҲǶˣҪҪ
ѵ£ҪҪ𣿡





6.   6    Ҽ

粻̫룬˭֪ǲǻҪ߶¡

˵ơ˲֡۲ʧѡ񡣡
ö˵ͦе

æҵһ䣬̤̤ʵʵ˯һٺþ

ڶգû⣬Ժ¶̨˿ڴĸɱϴˣ׼յʳġ

粻ǵһδСΧȹˣķԸ£ȥЩˮá
ߵȽոҲҪѧ̨ܵøոպãյúˮ쿪ʱС
ĸ˶ֱֹɵѾͷջͦʡ

дͬ˾ˣһɤӴһͶˡ
Ǹ˹ˣǰ˵ǰ죬дǰȥ

룺ԭ˹ġ

ãӺ»ڣò˵ȥ߷ȥˡ
ʲôð
ͦæ

һû̫ãĴæˡ

˵⣬ʹʹðݷá
磺Ҳôһ

ҲǶʲô˼ұϾΡ
˿棬ȴܸһֲŵĸоʶʵѧȷй֮ҲԾη
ʶ˷ûʲôΪԭͥ͵Ըɡ

׺
˴һȦֶҹ˿ȷ硣
Ȼ˵һڴӦǡ֡ʲô
˵˾úܲŵӶЦˣ˵׺

ģͷٴ컹Щ

紩ϺЩ٣ͬһʰøɾ䡣

ԼˣͦԳѣ˼ҴЩƷ
Ҳ½ˣһСˣ˭˸Сӣ˭ҹ˻˼ңĲĻСԺԵ֡

ѵӰﲻһطˣ˿ˡ
϶Ӧֳϡ

кĲɺá˵˵䲻ģֻ²˵仰ݷˡ
ԭǸôвŵˡ
ʥĿƿӽӲϵĻ

һͬҲϵˣһѧӾһ̸˵أ̸۽񣬺ò⡣

ͷŲͷĸƿͷĴɢԺ½䲻󣬶ǰԵġ
˳Դͼ֣ͼϲķΧ

ۼֳԷ˵治ԶСϪ÷
ʱͼǱɽˮ㣬һ峺СϪ
һͬ⣬Ҳŵˮ

ĵСԺͻȻһͯĿ
ȥյſڣһСײС
С޵ֱãкţ㣬ȾȾ

ϵ⺢ӣͷ˵¼ҵСӡ
ãûһ·˵Զǳû¶٣û⣬ϵ˶ССѿ

ˣʣôˣ
СѿŴ𣺡ˣ㣬ȥȾ

һ⻰ҲԲȥˣͷϡ

ԺܰԺɨһȦûƼˡ
ݴһ΢Ĳᣬʱܶ

̧ŽݣͿľСѿ
ѿﲻ֪ʲôֲģֱ°ĭʹشŴؿѹ˿ʯͷۼĿҪ

ϵ˸⾰󶼱ŵòᡣ
˵䲻ڷĲġģѿǻˡ

Сѿĸţ۲ÿ
СʣСѿأϺأ

û֪ϺȥˣҲ˵ʱ

Ĵ£Ｘ˵Ǽͽıڡ
һľһŰú͵Ƶкüյ
ûǴǸţҲμ˽ԣЩú͵ƴƿʱõġ

Ȼ뵽ʲô첽ߵǰһһú͵Ƽ˸顣

ѵҲʣˣ
С˵ѻӰܣü

ú͡

úͣѿǲ˰
Сѿô찡ôƲºӡ
ֲûϺ˭ܸһ飬ѿ±ӻǺúͶ̥ɡ


ûСѿʲô£͵ת˭мȥоȡ
µĸɴϣǸѾͷתҪؼü

СѿֹסָļС˵㣬ҼҾУġ

ѷӦ죬ѾӼö
ֻ룬ֱӰѼĽȥιѿС

侲ڿƴ
δĵ֡

磺Ρ
ѵΡ
磺ˮ
ѵˮ

Ѿͷва
֪ҽɡ

ѿﲻٴƽ滺ࡣ

һι˼壬ԱθĤˮϴθѶ³ûˡ

˵ѿûˣҲ˿
ʶԣѾͷɶʱῴˣ

Ѿͷ磺ǰպϹ˱˺Ӳۡ
˵ɲɡ

ǣŶ

ѿתѣۺ㱺ôһ
ȷԼûɣûϲãҲûһСѿͻȻ໡һ
ǻҸʲôѽȥɣ

æȥȰСѿֲֿҴչȥ
ǣС֡

ѿǿ˵˺ò״дճԭί

ԭ˵´ʱ־ƿһͷȢ˶ѿʱԶѿŵϽʿܵˡ
ѿᣬ֪ƿжѣϡͿӦˣһ졣
һʮȥˣ˵ƿԽԽ¡

˵־Ǻ£ɺΪ˵¶鿼ԱԽԽȫ˵ĳԴѿǼֻĸ
Сѿ֮󣬼øһ첻һ졣
ѿÿοżҲѿۿޣ˵ֻͷоɬͰԷࡣ
ӣѹûͷ

գԽҰ񣬺˵ϣȥ
ư˲ʮ飬ûҵ˵¡֡

ʧǵػصңѿһӣ֪϶ûɡ
뿪ˣٲҲգֻҪϺִڿƿ׳ȥָôҲܰӹСѿҲܳϸ

͸ô˵˭֪˵ͻȻԺ󺰴УԲˣҲˡ

ѿǱ˵ŵˣ̶ôίӿˡּ־
ߵغã㲻ˣ۾ͱˣһһ
˵꣬ú͵Ƶӣͷ¡

꣬ⶼʲô°
ʣǣأ

ѿǿãԺѿ

ѳԺһۣѾûжѿ˵ľãˣСѿĵҵطѰˡ

ͷҡ

ʮ˺ӺҳȻԱһ㣬ɢӸѰ˵ȥˡ




7.   7    й⣬Ѻ⡭

˵±ҵġ
⣬ʯͷͲͷȥ

Сֹס
˶ҲˣмڣСѿ㲻

˵㶣˻Ƶ˴ʯͷקСѿګګض˶ӣƣĿɨˣãһڵϣָסͨۡ

ͶѿЪ˹ﲻͬ˵ַֻЩ⡣
֧ۿڵϣơƿһͬѹĥò

վȺУĬԡ
˵ղСѿңĿöѿѰԺ˵£Ϊ

ƫͷȥ
ѸڲԶĿûȫ۽ں˵ϣ˼֪ʲô

˵µǸˣĿµᣬҲöˡ
ʹ˴ñ鿴ôȻȺȥ

ӣ־ȥò࣬Ӧòһúͺϵ¡
ôһûؼһؼңǴ֡
ʵú˵ôˡ

½½ɢˣҲҪȥȴѳ˵뿪ķȥˡ
ѣ

ѶסŲͷ

粻֪ҪʲôлҪԺ˵˵ԼǿƿĻ˵¸ձ£ʱʵڲܴ̼
ĪӦò᲻ƺԼҪȫ
ǣ˽סֲ֪οˡ

Ѽ˵֣Ҳ
ԥƬ̣Ǹȥ

˵û̻ؼңȥƽʱСľݡ
˲ȥԺͨҸƧĵط飬ԶڼҴʱ䳤
˵ľݶ飬ѿʱ֧һͷʱ鵽ҹѿͱš
һʮ꣬ľȹʱڼﻹࡣ

ѵȷҺ˵µġ
ľûţֱӽȥ
ɼӣעĿıǽú񼸴ֽš

˵ڴǰĴȥʮꡣ

ѵ˱ˮں˵ǰ
˵ɤӸɬȴȣ˵ڿڹǿл㿴

˵ġ
˵£ֲá

Ѹһۣ˵ûеĴԸǺ¡
뽻̸̫š

һĻ䣬ܻ᲻Ըٿⴥ顣ȴԸٴλصɼ̬ѡ

˵¿ɬһЦҪ̬ѾͺˣҪ̬ѾͲѰͲῼôǸ

⻰
ڶ־ʱһ񣬿ܻἫʧ
ڶΣһɡ
Σľ


˵ʮƿΪʲôƫƫο󷢷裬뵽ȥ
ѲûѮ̻ڼֲμӿƿε٣ÿܴѹ̬ͬͬ˵ô쳣ľٶҲЩͬѰ

顣

֮š

˿Ҳˣԭί²ǡô򵥡
Ҳ塣

˵̾ϢƬ̣Ǳ塱ĳľվߵǽǴһдµĻƲֽݸѡ

ѽӹһ

ֽдǽĿУʿʱĴ𰸡
ʱ䣬Եǰһ졣

⡭
˼ɣй⣬Ѻ⡣

ƾٿԺĸ߿Աͬǰ߳ⷶΧ㣬仯ûרҵһʱ߿ܴũ̡̿ʿһ󣬶ݱ⣬ѹС
㣬˿˵µĴ𰸣Ż˾ȡ

й⡣˵˵Ѻ⡣

ȻҲ֪ƾٿѹѶȣԾѺ⣿

ǡ˵¸̾ҿԶ꣬Ҳ𽥿Щĵú;顣֮ǰÿնԼų⣬˼ٻʲô⣬Ҿдʲô⡣
û뵽ȻˣȻⲻһģһдĲǿֱհġ

˵±鸴ӣ֪ǿЦϲǸñǲ֪ҿʱ飬үͷ

飬ɼȻ𰸶ǰ˼õģô
Ҳ֡

˵¿ΪʲôҲ֪
˵ǲү׽Ūңôׯȥ֪·ȫǾ

˵𽥼ǸңΪʲôûУǲǿľ⣿ⱲӾûпϵ
ȻˣΪλҪٿҳ˰׷ͷǲУ˵ҸòǸһŵɰ

΢üһûʵѧ񣬿ֻǲʹʧһ˲һʵѧǿӳֵǸоȷʹ

Ǹ˵οˣһʱҲ֪ôڡ

ȥ·ϣ˵µԾѲľ⣬ǵʲôˣ

Ѽü΢Լµʲô͵ƾٿԵľʱȷ©˵˵µ˭˱ĻּĿԣԾĿһλǺƣٿ˵µļҾܵʲôǮƵˣЩ١

䲻֪ѵݣһֱֳΪǶԿƾ֪֮ࡣ
һƷĲ²⡣
ƲֻƲ⣬Ǿԣһ⡣

֮ǰ·˵֡ΪεθСƺ˵ò
£Ҫ˵Ūԭί

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Ѷ£˴Ѿһ䣬ԾѾȫ²ٿ
紹˴ٿǾܿ

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ʱɫ磬Ǹжɣһá
ҪɣָڳǸġ

һȥʱæ㲻úֵܴǱˣǸ

ȫһɴͲ֮С
˼лģûͳ˱ʲ˵Ŀôһ磬ҪǼɻˣҪ
ƫƽϣһƢûеǸ

˵дܣ´Ҹд
߲ܣЦá

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д㣺ҳæ
ѵͷ費Ҫ¸¡Ҿ˵һ
ƫͷ˽

ЦӲ»ǵ
ʵҲûգǸù٣ҰԭίףӦûҽȥ

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ЦԺ˭һһĮļƣһԸ⡣

ѵǵҲá

һãפڴľǰͨ
õ۶ϵּѸţ˿ûΪѰڼӣٽȥˡ

Ƭ̺ͱԺƫȴ

û̹߰أѾڸ˳·ᡣ

´ˡѽźˣֱԵԺԾܷ¡
·ΪԳʲôæǺ˰ڲ裬߿ȱʣΪͻȻҪԾŰ

ԼԼ˱裬˰뱭иԾ󡣡

·԰Щϸʵ˺£

ѰϷ´˵¡

۴ƾƣƾһ;ȷʵ츣˲ˣΪѡһ֮šѵȻƾٲʽǿ϶ںܴ⡣
ǵķңң֣ΪľҵڣӸԴϳ׽׶ˡ

ٵ϶ˣ·ĸ˵֣ҳ·᱾ҲúϵΣȷʵбҪ顣

·ʣҲΪ£

ԴǸЦЦǣһܻҪٽһ飬´˱ӷŶ
·᣺
ѣҲ͸©֪¡
·᣺
һͻϷ

·ȥƫô˵
ѣš

·̧ߣں油䣺˱Ӧ̫죬ȻԵ̫˵
´εġ
ѵûɫβؽҲȥԺѧв
ŵװ׵ĳ´ˣ
ɶ˵ˣ

õɣԿԺ

Ѿſڣװһɶ¶ûģЦҾ֪˵´ˡ
ͭҾóͦá
ӵͷʾʮͬ

˳Ծĵ۶ʮԵԾԾҵ˺˵µԾ

һ˶һۣһ




8.   8    Ȼһи

˵µԾּıʺزնоݣ۵˵һݷǳʵԾ

ȫհڲֽдĴ𰸣Ǹ˵ϡ

ֲú˵ʹûѹ⣬ĲѧҲﵽ˾˵ı׼
ΪһʧȴǸĽ֣һɣ˶˵Ļɡ
ΪֻǴʵÿ˶Ҫǿûоڷܿ̿ѧȴͱ̣

Ծϣٳע⣬дĸ֣ϧգϧա

û⣬˰㽫Ծϡ
ĬƬ̣ٴδ򿪣мпհ׵ĸ˼

˵µԾǴ⻹ģû⣬ܸϸע͵
ֻдּԾм䣬Ȼһиӡ

ĳƾٿԵԾӡˢͳһ񲿸Ϊ˷ģԾúʴϾȵӣҲҪڴʱϸոӵ˳дܻһС
Ĵ⿨ƶ𣬷ٺҲûֵġ

˵ϵǸƵĿ٣ֻûͨ͸üΪǡйῼ١ӿƾ֮ӣΪòμӿƾ١

չչ˵µԾЩ壬Ӧǿʱ˵ĳ˲ٺԾʪˡ
мпհ׸ӴһԵѹۣǵʱ˵æңԾѹ۵ˣʱ˳µӹӡ

ּ˵һȽŵ״̬¿ԡ

緭ͬԾֲٿԾģеּģˡ
вʮݣдòΡΡſʱֶʶղȡ

ڻ뿪죬ڹԺ쳣
ЩؼҶˣҲŵÿ첻ˡ

̾ԹſƾٿԶ£ȷʵͦź
֪࣬ʣһô

ط

ȡһ𣿡
ѷһ棬ƽ𣿡

ˣԼû˼ȫ˼ά˾ͽʽֻ뵽˵ʵźȴûǵĿ

͢ÿطжǽǸ˵ƽͷľ˵һ˾ٵǸͬƽ˵ͬһ£ÿԵĻᶼǾȵģǿڹκ£ȴƻ򣬷Щµˣֺι

⻰˵ͷ̣ܽǷˡ

ѰԾ·װŻû뵽ͬĻͦء

½ԾѣΪŶʧϰܶ𣿡

ԺߣѴ𣺡٣пΪ̫ţﶼûߵֱڹԺ˸̧ġ
΢΢ȣɱȸ߿Ŷˡ

ɣһˡѾ˸ӣȻǻɣҲڶ࿼еһ˵ɴڽʹȥģԣϻʲߣ񲿽еʱȴþûӦ𣬻ϺͰٹٶΪûʱȴ˴æ˵Ѿڽ֮ˡ

꣬ʣʧȥԻˣôϹɵģ

ڻƤ£ȻʵġЦЦ٩ѣʵڵ֮ǰĲѧھǾѾС֣δٸԵĻᡣ
Բߣ񲿰ŵ˸طأֻһ˱˾ǡ

죺ҪԹٲ𣿡

ǻÿƾ֮ţɼλЦѹʥȷҪҢ˴ľԹץ˰ѱϰڹ˸ѲٵְλְɱȷְֵλͶˡԱֻ⿼ʧǣʥϣڳͷˡ

ǰݷλвѧѲٵλҲڸǲסâϺô㡣棬ɵλˡ

ѣǡ

½ûɫһ㡣
粻ô֪ô

ԩ¶;˵ɿ꣬δͣԺء
ֻ;˵Ǻɻ֮˵ġ
޹˵ģ˵ġ

粻ÿɷЩпɻǸӽµȴûˡ

ѶסŲɫ˼֣ʵҲ֡
翴˵صĸֺڡ

Ѷ£ȴͻȻЦˣתǰߣˣ˵ˣ҆ˡ




9.   9    ģƶȵĵ

ô˵Ͷˡ
ȥѧԺ£Ѿһû᣻ΪѰæôҲ³ףû뵽Ҳ˳û˵䣬ͰԿ˳

һ£˱ȥԼȥЧȫͬҲ֪նһ֮Ҳû

ԺŲԶ˵Ѿ˴ſڡ
ȥ·ỹԿף˵Ծĵ

ڸУ·Ҳ겻ѣͬ뷨¾ʹգΪ˺һԾ

ú˵µ£ȻйĶ鱳ı׶ȴбҪ¶Ҹ
ͺñǵˣԲȥѰҶʧȴܲȦ
иࡰ˵¡ı緢

ҲǾСˣп߿ͿУ˰ĿҲ㾭
Ϊ侲Ը񣬿ܸ̫ܲţߵ˵ķӦִЩԶȲϿƾٿԿĽŸиߡ
ˣ˲ʧҲִöࡣ

˼ԭ･˼ƽϣƾٿʱпΪȽţ·ʧʧԣҲʹ˲ŵòá

·ͷҲǻϺ˵Ŀƾٿڹϵı׶֮һ
ͷȥѣ˵ҵˡ

ѱգòºȿڲ衣
һ´˵Ǳаˡ
֧أѾͷѾʲôˣ˲졣

ſƿԭ޷

·ԭܽˣȤŶ

һԵص㡣ʽʱԵصڹԺдۼ࿼ʽϾѾˣġ

ʽƽʱѧĿˣΪҵ߿ͷʣӲ˾µԾͷһβμӿƿĿȻһͷˮӰ췢ӡ

Ƶʡǽѧƽʱעصֻж飬ʵΪ⡭ҲûвãǺѿԱһֱѵʣÿ¶ѧһƿģ⿼ʽİԵ죬Ÿл᲻½

ֱⷬһѪֱѳ·˵Ŀɿڴķڷ
һûˣȻ뷨ı飬Ȼһڲˮ

Դڣ·ֱ֡
ʵʩ͢͵˲Ż࣬ʱǿƾ֮ȫ
Ҳܷӹٽ츣һĹ;͹ٳ´һˡ

н֮ߣ·ѯʵСʵЩ

Ǳģ⿼ԴˣһһؿÿСÿ´󿼣˶Ը߿ĽŸм½õԾĿʱ˵䡰ðˡ
֮ģ䲻ȫȡĽŸУҲǶÿ˶֮ЧȴǽͽŸСÿԲõķˡ

ģƾٿԡ˵

ѲŪյһ٣ĵ

·᣺ģƾ٣

ǡ͵ģƾٿԣ˼壬ǰʽƿʱʽհԺڿʱģԾͼ࿼ٵȵȡѧÿһʱ䣬ҪһΡƾ١

·˴˷ƽкá
һǲƾٿԵ̣ᱻƾٿԵŵýŲѣʱʱҼ飬©ȱ

ֻǡ
·ᷢģƾٿҪ֣˼ҪϤƾٿԵ̺͹أҪģ⣬ʽģƿ뿼Զǽ˷ӵĹЧۿۣ

Ѿ˿ֻǲ֪óȻ˵ԺǷ˼ɻ䡣
ѣҲѡ˵ͷ

˵ģ⿼ԣ˵¾ʤΡ

·᣺˵£

˵Ȼ񣬵ӲԾʱ֣ȷвѧзȨѻͷ׸ѡ

ѵͷȷʵ˲Ż˵ãԿԳҲоĵãҲǰѺ⣬Եѧ⣬ڿԵѧϻҪͷˡ

·ͬصͷ

˵⣬˵²μӹοƿԿƾƶȵĹ졣һ񣬼ҲǸ⣬ȥԺְȿάƣǡѧƥ䣬Ͼʱ飬ȴμ´ԣһá

ѸŽѧӣ츣Գ´Ҳһ׮̸

ӻ˵˵ó·Ļŭš

ú˵ˣ´ĥŰԺ
ٴμʶ籾£˹Ժ˼ð˳

Ѳ᲻Ҳᡣ
ڰؿڣ˴ϻۡѧԺȱ˲Ű

ǻȥ˼һ˵

·ŵÿ
Ѷ˹ȥ

Ǿΰɡ




10.   10    һסع寧㡭

Ǿΰɡ

⻰˵꣬·ڵ
ѧԺ

µһЦĲƷ˼֡
޵ʵ֮ҡ

Ҳ粻֪úܼ򵥣ԸΪسһ
ִУΪصĽשߡ

ҲЩʱˡ
һʵоִ˵ǻʵ಻Ӧ

ʱ֮⣬ԹҵͿƼ˿û𲽡˼ʱ
һоٽʱգϣгһͨ涴뿪ٻصԭ硣

ǽģ
ȻǸ秵Ķˣȴ쳣谮ѾͷûʲôĻȴϹٸżصȵҹ
¶ĴǴŨ˵ϻسʵ֡ɹƭĲñ̷ٵĺһˡˣõĻöǧ˿Ƶϵ
Ѿ硣

ͬ˳ԸȥѧԺ飬ϣԼౡ֮һ׮˵¡ʽı磬һԿƾ֮;ѧ

ֻǡܽʲô
뵽ĺ׳־ѸתΪ飬˵ѧԺŻĲĺȥĺʫ£治˵֮ѸԶӡ

ȻѾӦˣʣʡҽʲôγ̣
·ֻſģʵҲ̫ԺĿγ̣˳ڴ𣺡㲻زģԺԻᰲš

ʱѾزȥˣڳ´ͷúܣûطȥ
·˼ңʮס

صҹֲ̫ͬһϱҰȤȴ࣬ʱʱԶĴ

ڴ£ȥԺѧ¡
֪ѧԺĿǰͯš˺ͽʿʿǲ˵ˣѾϰ˹д꣬ǲ䡢ۣǽ̲ھ˶ѾԼֻܸͯ徭Ǹǽ׶԰ʦġʶ͡Ӽ

˼⣬ѻȥ

Ժ˵ǳټģΪʲô˲õ֮ţٸŴ󽲻ᣬǾ͡ˡ
һϵɵѾͷ

䲻Ҫġ
ĥ˻Ҫƽ֮ⷨڿ͸ϡ

ѵԺסԶȥƻš
ݷһˡ

ѵȷû˯¹鰸ǰƽּ˶ддӡ

ǸʥϵĹĿӣҲҲء
ĲɲԼдЩʱصļţԵĵãʵһļƻͲ𡭡

˱ʣᴵδ͸īЦЦչ۶յĽǣɿؽС𰡡
ģʵڸֽ϶ּԶ

ͦεǰӷ

һ磬ݿ͵ǡ
ӹӣպãת¡

Ƿ˵ȴѹեͶô˲°ࣺ߰


ЦûЩϹİý
𣺡

һ֣Ҳˣڵϣһá

ѳڣѹʳ˳ʣ𰡣˵Ժĳʲôְλأ

һ㶣ʵҪȥѧԺ
Ѳˣֵ𡣡

ǲУޱسԣ˵ʵŹӼ಻ܣܵƧԺְ

ƽ١˵㣬˼غųƿƾ֮磬ƾ֮Ժܲȥ
ֹǿ϶ȲϹӼࡣ

ѲڸʲôԹԵش㣺óǵˣҾùܸһְҲ
ҾûͲҲ

ЦһùӼ[1]ȥջ𿳲ôôΪأ
ԩӵݣȥԺʲôóʲô׳̶Ҳ޼˰ɡ

Ҫ۾һð⣬ҪԺѧɣ

һû˳ƤǺ˺͵ؿ
ȿˮʲô

Цش𣺡ѧ

˰ɡ˵ǰԺǻ߶ѧ࣬˵ֻҪ״ԪԶ뿪Ժ˭ȥ˭ûꡣ
ѣ


ûûɡ
治ģѧԺʵںòȥˣԶţ
ʲôݶͿӵˣԽݳΪѧղѡ

ԱڵˮƽѧԺѹһھ˽ʿӺ
ƾٴػִ壬װСŰȥء

ҲҪѧԺ
ţѴʴʣҪѧԺҪѹԺľ˽ʿǡ
֮ûţּ¹룬ֱ˽

ѷŴ󻰱ȥҲöˣֻѡȨûˣֻѧݽȥˡ

ԣǡӿʼ죬ⲻ̽Ҿ˾˵ҲܲѧȥԺ飬ȻҪ״
⹫װһɲ鲻Ը˵⡭ߵĶöˡ

ֱ죬ҹӶ˸ˣ״
ģôȥдء

ʶѵѧʣܸŵ⣬ˮƽԾҪȥԺǸʲô𰡡
㣿ʿ

룬š̫ͣʿĻҵأ̶һ¾Ҫ̲μɻĵԣԺʱҲ̣˵á

ǣЦǣҪԺѧϰ׼Ļԡ
𣺺ǡ

紧ģٳٶҲ֪˿̲˸ӿ̫࣬ŷصͷ
˵£ԺĻһ㶼ʲôγ̣

֪޲ԣһ㲻˼ҹٿԿĿͨͽʿƣ֡㿼ò࣬϶֪Ļ㽲ǡ󴫡ߡ񡷡סԣԺѧѧϰʱ࣬ҲҪʲôǳˡ

磺
Щʲôʲôǡʲôһѹû
˵ĻҪôˡ

ѧѧϰһ;ͷһθܵʴӡ
˼֣ҿԡȸѧһ𣿡

һ㶣
ȥ飬ѧˡ

̯ƣ˵ЩҶûô̡

ֱĶͷǡʫأʫܻɣ

˵ģڿʱľʫдļ͡
/ĴȫһجΣ߿һİ鶪ˡ
ͬһ鶪ˡ

̽ʣһסع寧𣿡

ѵһ⡭еѰ˰





11.   11    ͥﲻа

ͷ۵ﰡ˵ġع寧һʫǡʫ.¡һʫ

磺Ŷ

Ѳģʵʫ£ɻһЩ

λҵ˳ڱһ䣬ʫʣҲܱ
Դһͷ󣬸оԼۣװ޿ޣʱ컨׹н˾Ǹڡʫᱳ

ᱻ˰ɣ
˫ͬûǩ

ͷһ˲󣬾ǿָˣֹŵû£أصġ

ﻹûףǸһԼʵˣô߸˿ƵķʽûԹ
ҲûˣҾӵĳŵһһɡ

Ҫ˵ҲǸĴģɶˣ˵ʱ˱ţֺǺǵѵһΣղŻؼң¾֮꣬ȥس䡣

û˯ȥ

ͷβ˳ϷҲ֪óݼʵ˵ãǸЦѼϼܣĪԤУѧԺպˡ

ѸĿ뿪ֻĴϻۺͱӵĻ߸˿Ҳߵȵ

𾹾ֵ
ʰĵӣŶҹӣԵöľԼ
ѹֹһֱݡ
ҿԼճ䣬ȻԷ߸ĸǸˡ

ѾǾ°ǽƮļڡ

ڶһ磬ѱʰͣµ硣
˶ڿˣ缯ֻɹˣϢһɣ˼һɷʣҡС

կĹСӣɿڣ緹Բ壻ڼ̶ζһһڴıˣϲԡ

һ˾ˣų緹裬Υ͡
Ʒӿе̶Ŵ˵ȷʵϵǰֺŵˡ

㲻ôسôϤʳڡ

Ц࣬ǸҲðһˡ
ظպ磺

ЦЦӻ»£˵ǰϲĴһط嵱ص꣬پ£Ҫ֪ݸؿڿഫĹ£Ȥý

ʣǰڲϲ𣿡

ڹ񡭡һæ˵ڣĿڵѧҵæΣʱĴϹ䡣
ǳڣḹ֮ҲûϹ䡣

լʵҲͬڴסӣȡЩԺ飬ҪһڳΪ٣Ҳʱþһ̫СܾȤ

ߣȥ¥ȥ

¥絹˵ߵ¥˲㣬ϣ峿ڶ¥ĶϷܿسǵĲþ

˶࣬˳⳯¥Ŀ泯дʫƪ㡣
˽ģ¥ʼٰһЩʫժժ߿һٵ϶¥

¥⣬淨ӱʱ㣬Ѿﲻˡ

ʫʡͷ˶࣬¥ȴޣƸժ¥Եˡ

֪ЩŪīֻ˵ģڡ

һŵƽʵع˵ÿ¶ǹʫµ⣬ժ˸𣬴꽫д𰸽£׼ͨ󣬷ܽһ㡣

ֳһյµΪһ㣬ⲻѣдţдһʫ䡣
˵ĻʫʣҲܱ

Ϊ˿֤ΪԺܱܲʫʣ˳ְƸ

컹ԺģƶȣŸе磬ӵʱʱ
Ҳʫһ;˴ͷˣǰڹ΢⣬ľӢֱֳתܳ侲˿š

ĴʡӾȻЩհס
޿κΡʲô

ѿü΢ģеڲѧ

СԽǺʹģǰʦ̹һ䷨ﳡ֣һСѧʫѿڶʾƼҺδУͯңָӻ塣

޵ã
ʽʫд£鿴˱˶¥

㣬򵥵һԲٵһ·ն¥
¥ΪΪ˵Σһûôӵ˵Ҳ٣ܲΪʫԣĲ˼ҵǶ㡣

¥¥ѶһΣѡ˸ĵչ
дţΪҳƾʢʫһס

ѿЦһ˵ƨ
ĵÿƾ֮ţƾٿԭ֮ϯȫԴĵ۶ʮ꣬ʥѡ״ԪְͥӼ࣬񣬼д֮¡ľ©ԽԽ٣ƾƶ
УȴԶƲϡʢ

йڿƾٵͼֻͼʱ۽ޣʼտ

ʫ¥â磬ʫȤŨع·μʢٷˡ

ͷһֻۣöϿڣȴ⣬ѹѲĺӣҲˡ

Ѱ£¶˰죬ʫûдƾʢ
ʫǡ¥ǡɼǸȰģʫΪ¥ҳȥء
±Ҳ߸λ¥ˡ

ǰ㣬ǶǸ⣬ͬԼ⡣
¥֮ϣȴȻͬΧΨһһյ̸顣

ѲȺȥֻ⣬˶ڤ˼룬С̸Ȼ벻Ĵ𰸡

ԣʲôܰô˶סˣ
Ҳϡ棬ӹ֪

һȻˡ
翴ӣѲɳȻѣʮӶΪסˣ

ʵѣ漸ķɻʸʫ⣬򵥵ˡ
͸ƾٿе⣬ִ߿еʫһĬдʫʣǰд䡣

Ѿڣʫȴһʫһﶼû

ƫͷȥ⣬һʫʾǰ䣬˺ΪĿ
ٿʫˣüһͥ

زֹһͥ¼ݣʫΪסôˣɼǸˣǸ
˵λ㱾ңҪݰ

ﶼϷˣѡһ˵ңҶͭݰ

뿪ǣ֮ǰʫû뵽ˣˮԼⲻԼˡ

պīдº䣬һ˾۵ĿУѴ𰸽˹¡

Դֱȷ
Ź߿޵λӲȺ飬֪㰡

洺绹װǫ飺λҰˡ

һ⣬һ˴Ȯ죬˱߹άѣһ˶¥

һ˫һ۵˵˾֮꣬㲻һˡ

ĵNɪĵУǸǻͥͬһ
ŸѧˡԶӡ

ѵ˱˻ԣߵ̨ױߵͥﻹǲаһˣʫĻûأͽͽ

磺
һʱ֪òͥ

̤϶¥ǰľɫȻʡ
ʱĳۣɫĹâضһůɫ˾ƣʹԶ㣬纣¥ľòʵ

ڳ¥ԶԶӦǾ䡣
¥â硣





12.   12    ʫʱһλˡ

˳¥ʱѾӽʱ֪ڳ¥һʱ

ϱȳǻ֣Խظ⡢ǡ

籾ϲֵӣֲɨˣСӹˡ

Ǻ«ɣƼϡƤɽ髣һȥˬڣóԿθ

粻ϲᣬɽ髶ֶᣬоݵطӣϡˮƣ˵岻࣬һϵм

ѵʲôǡиǺ«ǩӵ˴Ա߾Ļֹסҡҡͷ̾

ͷȥ˵Ǹͷ׵ˣݺɵǩϲǺ«ϡѾڻ٣ʵզء

㿴˵˼˰ɡ

ЩΣȷϲǺ«мͬѧȥҲȥװ꾫µĵʵڲ֪ʱǺ«Ӫôѡ

Ŀڵǡһһ

Цŵͷ

һͬǰȥ˼ңͳͭС

糢˿ڣڸȷʵôϡɹˣҪβΡ
˵ѾǾ·ݵ죬ϻĺܣĴ죬̵ϡɲҪɹˡ

˼ҸмллλԸչͷӵ⣬ղŹĻˣҲ򡣡

ʣүӣǺ«𣿡

ҡҡͷ쳤һ⣬ﲻ롣ۿ⼸ЩһҸųԣⲻ͵ˣͷһȫˡ

иеǺ«ʱӰ졣

ټ伲࣬Ĳ̣˲ɣ˼ͭ壬ǩ˼
ɾǩҲֻչ˼һʱת仹ЩҪ⡣

룬˵үӣҰƵϡԵ£Ͳôڻˡ

æʣ棿ô

ϡҪɷ֣Ǻˮͬ¶£Խ̺࣬Խڻ෴ˮԽ࣬Խڻ糶һۡ

˼һһ㶵ġ

ˣ˻ǰϡʱٷŵˮ

⻰׶˼ҸмصͷҾãȥ͸ӽ

үָŲԶһձ˵ձ¯ֻֽӣ˷ÿãиþǱ¡ҲǺ«ҲϸεֽӣͬӴǺ«ֹڻʱ͸ˡ

ԭҲǿ۽ˡ
տʲôдĽѧʡ

˼ҲסлǶ˶þǶ࣬ҪǸܶ飬һһ

һ㶣ȻӹһͷȥԺԭطҪпƾٽڰ˹ġ
ǳͨģڻͨһƽ齫ٺܶɡ

ֹǧľ顣

˼Ƭ̣˵ʵǺ«治ɽ髣ܷŸˮѡ㽶ӣϲ˾бѡ＾桢Ѻӳļڣǵ˶ҲܷЩʱˮֺ

ϵǺ«׻ˣϡϡ

˻ǵͻȻӯѲǺ«ǩӴִӻһɾӣֲɾ
ţŮлл㣬˵ЩҸӲ⣬벻Щҿǣͺˡ

类˼ֽŮֲ˼ģһǳߵЦ

ԭֿúЦʱΧ˼ңҲˣؼҳԷɡѾͷķӸĽ׼Ժ¡Դ

ǧлˡ
һ治Ӧֵлĳ

Цﲻʫʱһλˡ

⻰ڿˣζͲˡ
ŻڵЦᱳʫ¡

ĵز־˼ǮҲһλˡ

ˣ档
ȥЦǣ㣬棬һݡ

Ǯ޿ģҪ¹ӣ˵صİ˱Ѽһϧ

ԲԻΪɣܾѡ
ʵΪɬֲǸỨǮˡ
ҪǰиָĽѧAAãڼСģʵûǮ԰˱Ѽ

ʢ鱻ȴ˼
մųԡ

ڱĳ˿̽ӵһµزְҵؼҡ
ɵֻҹһվڳſڣĻӰӡ

أʡ
˵̫ˡ
ϵ˵ġ

˵鷳ܻȥ·ա
Ŷһ
ûûƤȻһȥ
𣺡
һˡ

ǲ·գлͦãھͻصϡ

صңȴһˣһŲŲʥĸ綼ڡ
һֳ˰ɡ

תܳš

ƻĻʱʱ򣬼ʮ˼Ҵ󣬽ȴһ˿㶼ûż

ֱǺҳ£ֱܡ
쵽ʱȻ˵˵

ѿ޻СԺô
ǰ˵һѿԺöѰ
ѿûеǲܺ롣

룿
СѿĵҪ롣

սԺӣպײȺ硣

硣
һ磬ϲãˡ

硰šʣôˡ
˵ͺֺأСѿһֱޣҶȰˡ

ʣΪʲô
Ϊ¡͵˲Ǿ𣬺ȴһֱѻںɽСľﲻϻؼңҲã˵ҪŶѿߣٲ

粦˿ȥѿڵĨᣬѿġ
ǹ˵ȰأϺô˶ɶҲᣬ粻ֲܿᣬӦǾϻһҶˣ˵Ǹľɶˡ

ʱӻûԼ벻

ȺϲѾͷˡ
յɵѾͷ񼸺˵Ĺǡ

ѿؿ磬β˵벻ûһҲȥ

԰ЩȴСѿȥԷǱȥȰҡ

֮ǰо¶ѿһѿﶼתӡ󣬻Ѿͷȥ˵˵ת

ѿص˵ͷ

ת뿪ңֱɽȥ

˵¼ľ˼ɶɳƵѾͷˡ

ͷ塱
ȥţҪ˹ԺԾԿס

˵תͷȥԾ󣿡

ǡ˵Ҳ鿴ĵ۶ʮصԾ

˵ڵ㿴ҵԾǲǣѾͷ˵Уǡҹòá

˱ֱۣԵûУҲǳƯֻǡ
˵¼ֻʲô

ֻǺԾУ©һûдûͨ

˵һ㶣ϸֳڵɫüͷţŬ俼ʱĳƺ뵽ʲô۾ص̾˿


ο壬ѹ

˵Ƭ̺ͻȻɿˣѾͷллһС֮ǰһֱɣǲҺ˵¾ͱ˲Թ˴Ҳɵ֪ԼҾ뿪ˡ

ػ¡

˵¼˵źǳźΪʲôʱϸЩչԾ𣬵ûкҩΪĴԹ졣

磺壬Ȼ뿪ˣͻؼȥɣСѿҪ㡣

˵ȴҡҡͷ۶ѿˣûϺӣ뱲ӹȥˣͣûˡ

;Ϊɷ͸׵ΣúĸӣͬʱҲȡ˵壬ѾټΪѧԺĹܸɣվְ

˵סˡ





13.   13    ţ˸Ԫ

ѾͷĴͱ·ϳԡ
ãԺˣīõţŰɡ
ŮⲻȼҪ֪ãҲίԼ֪𣿡

һһͷӦˣСﱻ͸ùĹң˵Ľ̻塣
վҪʽȥѧԺˣȫӿûٹصȥȴǼ˵һƬģҲƴǣȫˡ

磬ֲǲˣԺҲԶ

ﲻŮǰ޿ģɵѾͷ㶮ʲôԺܸڼһ˵ͻˣ˼ǹشء

ҪˣɵѾͷء
Цõöء

ȫ˵˵磬ȥԺ㡣
ͷ߰ɣһȥԺˡ

˽Сٿһӣת̤ȥѧԺ·

⼸գûܣȰ˵˵»ؼңѿСѿϸ̬һԱ˵Ժģĸ
˵¶ԿƿƶϤƶ˼ϸִмƻ

½ǽˣ󣬾ú˵°¼ȥԺ

ѿ˵ϺȥѧԺѧҲ粻ߣҪԡ
Сѿؽ㡱ָ

硣
ԷʱȫһǾˣڵһЩԻԵȷô¸³ѧԺ顣

ǵû˵ҪȥԺ飬һ£ʼ
˵翼˻ԣҲѾͷ˼ҡ

綼ˣ粵ûС
СʲôСĸ˵ʮ߰˵Ĵˡ

絹Ӧ󣬵ؾ˳׷ֻ˵ҲףҲҪȥѧԺ

ĸΪ飬Եһʲô飬ٺýҪˡ

꣬ƽ˵ȥԺ

ž
֪˭Ŀûȣľϡ
ʲôĸ͵Ц˾ٲȥԺѧһûȥֲʹˣ

ǳȥġﲻţұ浽ţԼΧ֮һֱȥ
ȫˣ

룬ʹӦˡ
ȫˣ

뵽ȫ˽Ͱ죬ǲ˲ԼѾͷſڿӣе֡

ų̲ʱѾسš

ѧԺسǶǣǵ֪鳯͢죬֮ѡַѡ˿ƾ֮أ·Ḻ졣

Ժѡϡٵسһ磬ͼ徲ȴǻֺ
Ĵ̨߲֮ϣǰǿ߳߳߸ߵĳʯšԾšͼԺĽѵѧԹţ־Գѧ[1]

һСͯԺſڣԺ˵ˣλǳԾټҪúдá
Сͯĥλ¸ص֪ɽѧԺԺ֮

Сͯġʯϵ̵Ϳֿһλ
ĴָĹﲻͬûɴ׸ΣֻһɾĴֲȹһֻĹҵİ٣˸ʽľ

Ӷĵط뿪Сְͯ

Դ⣬νߵĶǲûƽĶֵأŮӵλ¡

ӶĵطŮһܹѧԺڵĵ𣿡ƽʡ

Сͯû飬ԺۣЩǮ˳ѧ顣
ſԶԣܶ飬ŮӶãǮ֮飬˶ãⲻԹĵ

һСʱŮһŮӸ졣
еŮӿݶȵپڹ뷿ԺߵУΪ
ռҲмͥĺѧϡɶ

νŮӡ˸ˡ˵ϣѧΪļĳòһͬʡ

⻰Ҫ򣬰СͯöΪѵ⵷ˣտλҪŽҵ¶

̧ߣҾǣ߰ɡ
Сͯһȡ

˵ѣιûſӭ

ŵӵһԺ˲ȥիãһеģڸмߵؽ˽á

ƽʱΡѧεҪ
ỹûΣʮС֣һš

ѽûƽ߳ŹӴ磬˷װ磬˼š˼Уȥ˲٣ͶСࡣ

ڳǰָľš
ڵͣǧ˰̬ѧףſڵˡ

®ͬλ֣в˼Ҹ壬ſ֮⡰ѹƱ㽩ڰˡ

®ʣ
ͬλҡҡͷһǱ۸˵ӣش𣺡֪

΢Цĵش𣺡Ҳѧ

®ŶµĶ¸򰡣ҳ
ѧ˲ʧȥȤԣ¡

ҡҡͷ߽ã˳˸λ¡
ĵĺкѧһһڳװһѧɡ

ֱڷ®ǰ棬ֱӰ⡰ðԡעˡ

®ɿͬλǰѵļ򣬡ιλ𣿡
Ѳ²ôλԭˣ

ȻС®Ÿ첲ҾֵܵλӣҲģ

ɵȻءŶתͷʱСֵλ
СС𣺡ԺһˣҶҶˡ
˵Ͱ˷®һǵۡ

ȻǱ˵λӣҲǸģʰѧվӽһܣ˸ſλӡ
û˰ɡ

շĲģģ佲ұ飬Ƚ㡭
Ĵָʳָһ꣬ʾѡ

Ӵ󷽰ָҶ鰸ϡδüùĵĺӵϵ׼ǳƷ¿ζˡ

®˳ָĿȥĹӡ
׼ǵĳùص˶򣬿νؽ

®´ĵ⸻ӵǮһ㶼Ǹѧġ
ѴּƮݡ桢ضÿ嶼һ硣

⡭дġ
ֽīæԸģƳۣĵš

®ľٶѧ⣬ֵĶΧ˹ѵֺ̲ס̾

®ȫԺͷҶһˣһеĺͼźÿ۷ûŶ

ĿͲҲûμӹοƿʣ㣬𣿡

ʵʵ𣺡

÷®ڣ˼ʣ𣿡
Ҳ۴⣬Ҳٵİɣ

һȺΧʶооȥ
ºһЦҲˡ

Ǹ˰

ԺݣŻǾڷ꼶ֵôȷ
˽оˣҲš

һЩ˵ǸˣѾΪĽ

®˲˭Ǹˣ

Ȼⷽ®ţȴҶһǸʵʵڵľˡ

ѧ˸ӵ̨ףڼľ˰

ˣȻҶǾˣȽϲӡ
ŰʱȴȺģԽǰ˵ԽǱٿ⣬Խߡ

®Ϊ⸻ҹܿĶ࿿ǰм˵

룬ʱƾʱԪڣӦҲǵһ
ӹ˹ǣǸţ˸Ԫ[2]





14.   14    Ҷ̫

®Գ˳飬ԵһҶͬһΡ

ҶǱԵһ֪ǺʱεصԵһ
غųƿƾ֮磬־ʿʤһ֮
ǰλĪĸ￼ĵһ

®ȴȥﲻм˵˵ĵط

Ҳûʣѡǡ˵ڣҪȺˡ

Եһţ𣿡®м˭ֵ֪ԾǱͬٴĿ޹ġ

һһ֡Ѷλ®ԺһǺεģ

ֺλ̨ȣ֪˭ʤһ
ҾǾֵܣԺϵĵһû®˵ֵԾǱĿ޹ġ
ǲ˵һλ̨Ҳٿأ⿴֣־ͱȲϡ
ҲһˣսԺһͷ

ѧ۷׷ףŷͷʲôҶϡ
Խ棬һǺεȷɵ

ڽһȦΧ˶ΧˣҶȴ
Ҷأ

˻ش𣺡ÿն飬ʱҲˡ

˵ţ⴫һϸֱӦĳϽŵˣ·ʱ̧ƵģЬڵϴĥô

ţԺλ·˻Ρ
ȴ®۾֣

˳ſȥֻſڳһ͵Ӱ
֮˵ͣΪ·صͷ˿û˵ĳЩĺȴǸʵʵڵˡ

˴żɿĻӣһŦϵڶſ۱ϣ˵ĳͰ͡
˫ЬЬӿڽż⣬ѹ·ô

Ŀ˿ûָѧҲûڵ쳣ע⣬ֻڿС֮Ҳдʡ

˵һˣ˾ѵһˡ

ػǳ˳飬ʣ⡭ǿеĵһˣҶ

®ԣڲͬɣ
ѼΪͬصͷʵڲͬ

®к֣
кҶȴûƵģдʣֱߵԼλԡ

ѿ˶
ȴϰƵģ׷ҡͷֱ̾鱳ˡ

®԰˹λǰǿиޣ֣ղˣŰˣ
Ҷ˻ãʣˣʲôˣˣ

Ц

ʲôԡ®ǰֽëį̄ĥ˼£˵дʲôţŶԣдһƪԹ½¡Ϊۡļ⣬д𣿡

ҶΪۡηѰ˵⣬һûд

̫ѣ˵˸ʱ䡣®˵д

Ҷȵддļⲻ۵סдʲôãȻǲġ
®˵͸һô̵ʱڣ˭дĸá

Ҷ૵ұǴдġ

®ߣѣǸ˭㡭
Ǹ˭Աţѡ

ѣҸǾֵܱȱ𣿡

תȦʣüкβң

⻰˷®һЩ뿴˵⣬˲ϯϯضͲʹԼСͯˡ

ҲЩƵѧǵǱ˰ɣӳէô۸ͬѧ̫ðɡ½ϵġΪۡⱾ鱾ţӿܶûⰡ

®͵ذڰ֣㲻뿴͹һȥ

ѧôһ˵˼ˣѲûΪۡɣӮѾˣ̫ҵĻǿҲ̫ûȤˡ

®ŵͬŰȤ

˱죬ҶִպīһԺһ˵ıҿ

ͬʱǰԺε磬СͯԺ

СֱֹͯΪͷ׵ȴλŮ
㱻ߣ

ΪֲԼĹʧСͯǰ󣬾ҵҵΪԺ
Ƭ̳ǲԺִģֵĵԤʾԺѧܸ״Ԫ·ǰǽãѧիͲ󣬲Ժ˵ˣȰõסұߣիұߡ

Сͯߣ;ϸԺľɫ
ǵ˵ŴԺ޽ķģľ֣ѡַƫԶĽɽСѧԺڳ޽ģҲѭȡĹأѡƫԶһ硣

ǰ棬糯һۡ
͸ŴͷܶȴҲ˻ޡ̾Ҳ֡

СͯŲͣǰߡ
м־һѧի͵ͤ˵εĵطѧիѧϰ֮ء

˵Ҫ̫࣬ѧѧʱռ
ԺĿγ̱һ֮һĿγѧ

իᣬѧիԺӣΪԼרеСԺӣѧǺüһ䷿ᡣ
ȻǾƲԸͬߵġ

ˣȥԼСԺӵ·ϣײԺӰᶫĳ

һ飬к

翴ѵԺ䣬ѰδƷѻСɽˣŵ֪Ϊʲôɫôÿ²ǰˣ

ʣҪæ𣿡
˵ã鷳ҡ

أ
˵ȥˡ

¸ղžʱľ泳֣ûڣӵĿΡ
֪λԾĹӣڽʲô

˵ŻȻһʮ
أƣ

СͯͷߣæϹϾ˸Ȼ࿪ء

ͳһ𿴹ȥ
Ǹ뷢׵ߣİͻͷҶֱȦˣ¶мҲûƣЦݣ»еǡ

һˮɻԼǽʣһ·СŶ

󣬿Ļ軻һҡ

СͯæȥĻ㡣
˵ԺӼªҼ軨װװ㡣

ܹ´ų˵㣬ɫôƣֻҪѧʣЩ¶

ⷴӦ԰ѳˡ

һҲ

Сͯλǳټ


г졢ɴۣŵؿ硣

ؾص˼Һá

˼ȴߡһ·ϹҸŮ֡
˵꣬ߺ޵һ˦䣬תȥ
ֵѻ趼Сͯ

磺

ˣɼŮж಻
ҲҴȥҲҴңԭԡ

ûòӴ˲ٻݲݹҪҪ

磺
ֻʣĵ׻ʲôû

Сͯ˼ظǸʵڲ˼ղλǲԺȽϹŰظ

ӻͦظ

Ժѧƽʱû²λظԺСͯ಻סּ֮꣬ûֵ˼ս˵ԺѧǿˣȴûƢúܡһؼ֪ԺӲ죬ʮȥӭӲ˵˵λ˵ϴˮԶ˵ģ˵˲ˡ
Ժ̫ԣ˽¶̫ˡ

硢𣺡

˵ߣҶıԸ˱ʡ

ͷǡ
ҶȴüͷΪ֣ΪۡⱾ飬ƺôͣҲܺõ㡣

®һ˷ܣֿ϶Ӯˣλ˲ˬɡ
죬ȥ˵˭ĺá

Ҷ̾˿ƿԾתͷƼֽĴ
ʣܷҿһ¡

Ѵ󷽷ֽһƣ롣

ҶƷ꣬ѿڶ




15.   15    Ҿ

Ҫ˵ǸѧҶǸѧˡ

տʼҶԶԶӵļŶţ˾ʹյǰˣֽˡ
һݶģ

֣ʲô
®ֶҶѵǿзָһ𵹿鰸ϡ

Ҷѵ£ȥʴˣֵܳѧһѧãѧ˼ǲá۵ӱô뵽ġ

ѧʵܷɣӲԼһңѿƾٿԵͷһƺͱ׷ˣ۽㡢˼ܴ벻ĽǶȥۡ

Թ̸Ϊһʤ֪ġٹ־һ飬Ϊٹ١ʵ¼Ĺְǧ֣ɲǡѧãѧ˼ǲá

٩٩̸Ҷʣ෽®¡

®Ǹ廰ϵ֮ˣ͵Ҫ̸ѧ˽̸ȥ
תҶֵܣʲô͡дĸȵΣ

ҶǸѧգƢȴһһĺãĴαҲ޵ֵܵԶ֮ϡ

Ҷˣ
ܲˣҶκβ˵ˡ

Ҷɵѣ㲻˰ɣ

̧ͷҲô˵

²ǰдΪۡйص£պ«ưģ

˵ʵѶ£ɨһ˽ŵı飬Щ˴ŶϣհģȻЩܴ

ϧûͬģȺˣϽ͵˵˵ʵΪۡⱾ飬ѹû

ˣ
ôдģ

ѽ͵˼壬Ϊۣ֮۵ľΪ֮ҲܲµݡȫıܿԭԭֻͺٺݵһǾͿˡ

˵һô棿
ǻȥԭ飬½ϴ˵ƽ

Ҷͷ®Ϊԣֻǰţ۵òš

²£ĸ깷Ȿ飬½λŴҲͣһ󶼷湻Ϊǵġ

⻰˵ѧﻰˣɲΪǡ
Ϊۡ˭½˭
֪Ҳţ

⻹Ҫշ®ģǰտϴӿΣի˿Ƿ˭

Ҷѧղ֪ԭίΪˮƽˣĥǡ
®˷ŭԵĿ⣬ɿһ⡭ѧԺѧдѶȵô

ˣ
㵹д

ʼպȻ滺ŵʰīԼʣǻҲˣˡ

ʲôҶ׿֤ġԶӡ
ԭû͸дģǵһˡ

®۾һ·ɰз˹屦
ûŵ㣬Ψһõĵıϲѧԡ˻족ȼѧȻҪ£
ˣȥֵĵù

򡭡֣Աµģ
®һŰߣϣ

ӡǸ˭Ϊ֡ѣڵλϣЦֵܲձˣ

®ҲСڵĺˬˣ㡱һ屡ص⽲õţҷ®ֵܣԺֻ֣۸˵ķݣа۸ķݡ

ѲÿɷЦЦ
®ǰ󳭽Сݺݳ˳ǡ


Ȼиһܽǰ߻ȡҪ߱ģ

ҲǷ®һ֮һһ类ȥ̽˭εȼεѧʣΣӿΣǻᱻֱӴġ

ѧһɢΧȥ鱨ȥˡ
ֻʣҶǰţӵĴ

֣Ҳ˺ġ
Ǻ뿴ЩѧǶôۣܲסһﲻʡĵġ

Ӳ׵½ʶķֵ˻ȥ
ǰĵذҶƽЩȻѸټѧ鷳øλ

Ƕ²Ǹôˣ
顱˵Ǳܣڽ֮ϣĽָ㽭ɽֽõʯľ

£˺Ϲ¡

ϡͷ
رСͯ
ëĴ󺺣

ۡ
ûסЦ
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˵ҲԼˣСô˼а

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16.   16    ΧԺһȦ

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17.   17    Сѧϲ

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18.   18    

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19.   19    Сϲ㡱

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СԺȴ˵ҲԺУõıһζ
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Ǹ͵ŮЩʫʰûʲôµĵطܻѬգЩŵ˼
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ţӰһĵӰס
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ú棬˵ͦǰ

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粻ͣѰĴָҲ˸ͬƣʣҲλү𣿡

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ۿ®˳˼ѺӦϣ͵ȷ㵱ڳء




20.   20    ޹

ѽһã;ղ̫ԡ
ûմֵľʮѧӸλϣΧѹ֡

ѧ®ȥ
®ȴһֱһԡ

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®ܲµˣڡվߵǰֱʣȥСԺ

һ٣ûзϣǣͷһԺֲǡסڸڣΪѧȻҪȥЩʳȥ

®촽ʣͬһ÷

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ѿʼСΪƺۣ۸ͷˡ

ӲѣһֱǸɾ䣬ֱӾ˽ᵳ𡢿˿۹۸ԼǵǵûϲȻŭ֮ϵ˹ְεúм֮

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ʱԺԺûΪ֮ϱУٹٹϵ۸ӣǣһȫ

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˷׷ײĿפۿ

Ѳ֣еիſڡ

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21.   21    ﰡֻҪйʡ

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æѧֲ
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æǿƾٵѧֲѾ״Ԫѧ
Ѷһ裬Ҳ롣

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ѧԺõסƣƽѧסիᣬһ²ܻؼ̽һΡ
ѧҲѡ뿪Ժץסյ̽׼鱾

®ѧǲʵʵԺġ
¼ٿʼĵһ̣˾ܵûӰˡ

Ҷȫ෴¼ٿʼһ̣ҲûӰˡ
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εͷΣεӣȥתת
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Ŷǧһ·㹫ӴӾǵصġ

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ЦӦˣк¡

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б𣿡ʡ
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˼ȥǱȽϤģˣǱѴתת
ַ˵Ļ˵УͬΡ

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ףûë
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ʦ͵⵽ɣ³ңھߵȺУսֹսСʦžֻʣʦһҴ档

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ڻʳҹӹܵĻʵ۱·ϣͷ­֪˭ڳţյĿȫǣֻһ˫ϴ

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Щ£ԭƽ

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ңңһָţǰˡ

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طķͬӲԼ׿ûпӭ͵̻ʷۼ߲ʯɣЩʯϳ̦еȴ˰

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вȥС·ǰڷƷ̯λ

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ֶ˷ء

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ʣ˽𣿡
Ѵ𣺡Ȼܡ

µġ

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ָָɡ

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˵ҪǮǹĹأҪĹ¡

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ĥöͭǮδʵڶԲסΪ£Ϊ˼ͭ塣

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22.   22    㴺󡭡֡

ԴӶԷпͲ졣

ĵ£˵ȷǣÿÿܳһڱĻбγַģ
ֵĹ

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˵ͷеÿйµһԼ
زҵļ磬Ѧׯģȫ˶һգԶǮַʵȲѡ

ע⵽˵ǡǡǡҡ
ѵһַͬľֹһѦׯ׷ʲô

ܿ죬˾ͽɻ

һĻȫһʮ߸ͷ̫ţڸϵΪռλӣǱʲôλӣֵλӡǿ֪ܲؤҲǽġ
ԭǴͯǵûѧʣ̰Сʮ֣˵𻰡ˣǲȥ˵Ǯ˶࣬߸£Ǯࡣ

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ʣΪʲô
Ѳ˶Զţ

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екӺӣкСʶ֣㲻鿼ƾ٣ʹȲѳ֣

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ĵÿƾ˲ŵĳǺãҲȫЧķڼʵ£Ҫսƾ١

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СҪһȺͷӱĲУֻܻ֣Ǹص鷳ˡ

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Ҳһ˶ݵĹˡ

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ץ˼ͭ壬ǰ£úζ

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ѣȣ

ܶˣӵľʾһͷ˾²۸ʹ죺ҲֲЩ˭ùӹ㴺󻹴װţһ˰ͳȥˣ˵͸˭ǿɲҪ

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˵˵鶼ûô˵ģ㵹˵ȫ㣬㹫ӵ˸㴺Ҳˡ

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ɷԲˣһ˼ڿƾϣǱĩ

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ȥˣڼ飬ٶҲҪٶ
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˼ߡ

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ۼ⣬ָŵǱиεˣ

ѿ첽ȥһݵĸϱ˶Ĺȿ𣬲֪ǲ֧̱ڵϡ




23.   23    ǿǰŪ

˿첽߹ȥѸ˷

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лλˣҪǴȣҪûþˡ

л˵ֻ۹ȣûǣҲ־㡣

̾˿ǿô壬Ļǡ·ҡ

ľȷ˵㣬ã˴ڼǼӣûٿˡ

ŽüǴأ˶ø˱ôӡ
˵ֱֱȴ֡

ʵҲ֮⣬Ҳֹ

⻰񱻴£ͷĬ

ܲµԭ
ģȻڿƾ٣Ͼ

λңȿɡ˲Ը϶˵תƻ⣬л⣬ֻǼªλ˱֡

ѵᣬˡ

渾ȥ˼Ԥ֮еļͽıڣԺӵɹճɵĹһĿ

ڴڶأںԺ飬Ͳˣ˼¡˱߰ж£δѿǵĹɹŸ˵ˮȣ

ִżȣճɻ𣿡

ɶ˵Ǵ嶫ͷĵضһƬˣֵܼҪԣĻ沼ûаػɲˣһʱæ

գǿѧУżٵʱ

Сѧʱ͵үүϹһѧʱ;ط֣ѧУ˺٣Ȼæٺʹæ٣ȳѧУܼ١
֪æʹæʦѧؼæũģѧˣ˿˶иɾ

¿ƾٵִĿԾˣʱڶܳհæ

꣬ҲţƲӳԺ굾ǣ˿ǵĹӷһ߼ɹ

ѶʮںͿƾٴ򽻵Сʱ򿼿ƾ٣״Ԫܿƾ٣Ǽټġ
ѦԲӶȥһ˼ƾٵ䲻࣬Ҳ㺱

ûô࣬Щ⣬ʣѵŶҲҪƿ𣿡

ҲΣ˸ӡ
ǰڶ˼꣬Ҳ֮·ˣͷɻ˼ȴ鱾ϣòĵطֳ磬ȫˡ
⻹ģǰʱ䣬ȥӣû¼ãȰѽŲӸˣڽϻű˵ɶؽ˲پˣ顢Ĺͻزȥˡ

ֱüȴ𽥶̬

ϸɻһ㲻ջԹˣ˵ŮҲ죬Ǹɻһ㶼˲Щæ˵⵾ȣһһѴ꣬ʯĥĥ񰡡

ߵһʯĥǰصĥĿмʮأľ֣Ȼûƶ

̬ҲֹۣͦЦŶ˵Ʋ

ͦ˵ٵϵȣ

ЦЦĬϡ

ʱѾ磬ۿ˼ҼҲࡣ
ʱǸ뿪ˣͲ߶ŷˡ

ͳ֪ѵ˼׼ȥ

ȷʵΪʳ࣬ʵдôˣųٳû˵͡
λ˶֮ͨˣԼβѵ˵ڼһܵ

Դȫصлͬ뿪

һ·ء
ȴ˳˼Ѧľ̫⣬ǮСȴ˽̣˳е˴󲿷ֻƣػߡѳ֡
ĳ˿ƾ٣ǹͣǹڹ

ѿʲô˵Դͷڿƾ٣ȴڿƾ١

ˣһ˶ȷſƾٿԵƣһĿԽǧôῴס
ԿƾƶȴУӹɣƾǹŴķ֮һѧƾٿй

ڣѦʵƾٿƶûмȫܿƾĻأֱɾ

ǣ˵Ĳ͵ҪѰҼ֮ǲס

ʱ²ףǷִᣬضѶȲ

֪Уũ񹤵Ĳʱʱͻ֡ũڶСĴȴѦһȥеһֻڼҿܣʳɴڡ

ԭڣ
Ұеˡ

ǰЩ꣬ʱǲԣֲȡСЩҪʳׯ⣬յأֲ޻ϵһЩ۹Ǯá
Щ꣬𽥸ԣֲׯڡֶлеģʡʱʡʡ£÷ȷǡ

¸ղѦ￴ռ˴󲿷ⲻǡþִϲġׯڡô

ЩеĶոȣѦ⽫ӭж⡣

ֻǡЧʵĻеҪȥҡ

絹ǶһЩԭûֲ֪ܲܵĳЩѶͦ

Ѽһڤ˼һüЩüĿʣ뵽ˣ

ԥ£ҡҡͷʱûС
ȷϰ˵

Ժ˵볢£춼ˡ
ʣҪæ𣿡

粻飬ֱ˵ҪʱҪһѴ׼̶ȵĳӣҪľϡӵȹߡ

ҪľЦ׼̶ȵĳӺ˵ǾУľõĲϡ
룬뵽һ®®ĸ׾λľ

ͷָѽЩϸڣ㾶ֱСԺ

̿һֽʯѹƽˣһ鼫ϸīѳ̲һľһ˹̶һһ˷ֿһ֧׵Բ桭
һ׼꣬Ѹպôųӹ

ǡѿһ컵ˣҪʲô

һ˵꣬־ⶫԼƣֻǷ죬ָĿ˵ģһ

ƻģ£ⶼе

ӹӣͿʼֽϱдд

ѿϡ棬续ĶضдɽˮﻭȻһһþʵҲдʵɵķ
续ó߹ģԶ۳Ȼǽĳ͸ӡ

йΪݣΪѦƺīԹ֮һʱҲȲ

⻰ûߡ
伫侫ͨľգĶũҵķ棬˵ľϷţ죻һλʦīԣ֮ͨóسе֮һʱˡ

续ȷǼִύѧƵǻ۽ᾧʽϱ䡢ī죬ҲѶá
˵ײԼȨ⻰Ǻա

ʵǿǰŪˡ
ȹգɲǰŪô

ڷﵷ֮á
һЩĿǰʱʵֲ˵ϸ޸ģԭҪĵطɳ֣ҪӺʹĵطĳɹŴľƼеíṹ޸ĺĲͼʱ

ʦһ׼ʱͷƽʱ˲ˮݸӡ֧ʣͲȴˡ

󹦸ɡѿƷЦռ٣®ˣۻȥʰõĶ

ϵϸ¶һǳЦ

˭֪û®һֱȵϣ˻æ
ֵˣҳˣ




24.   24    ľҲڷɳ

ϢһԺѧǱסˡ

®ðԲ٣ƽŷ磬۸ͬҲ٣һֵ͡
һ˵£˶

աءҶãȻв׽®ҳ¡֣Ҳعǵʲôˣ

ŵѧǷ®ͬ磬żؽֵܼҲľľʦɾڽ磬ȱõһľӸˣͦأѾ߶ˡ
ֵû磬һ£ѧȥˡ

вƣϧѡ

֪˭ȥֵܵĸװɣ˳һ·պô㡣
˶˵á˵žҪ̧ųԺ

ţ˵ȥãֲֵܵǲ֪ƽʱŴ֣ʵ˭ӣʱϣλ

һ⻰еûѸãǸ˽˵ġ
ҶȥĻʵڷĲ¡

ѿ˱û˵ҲȫҪȥһˣһԵӿȥʣһˣ̽δԺѧʡ

Ӳ˾û顣

ҲôģҲйҵģѸ˵꣬ٺ׼ˡ

ճԺȴǰȥ̽÷®ҲڣһװģҪͬС

ɷһ𣿡
Ѿˣʡ

ôӣ൱ڴ嵼Զ罻ǣר£ӡ
ҲĬ˸ˡ

®ľң˵ǰϵ˼ҶľģصľۼأҲľ֡

ľԺЩ룬˶ʱ䣬ԶԶֵ

˵ǽ֣ʵƫƧԶӡ
ԶУ˲࣬Ƕѻľľģڴܿһߡ
ﶼŨصľζ

߽ľ֣ľֺ͹ĲֲͬסСԺԺпȥƼԺľõһЩľưƷ
е˼ǽﴫû

Ĵţһ˼ͻȻţ漸С̧һŰŹˣǸΪõĳƷҪ̧ȥˡ

Ǽ̧ŹС￴ŶʵǶ𣿡

ѿСľмѣϵϼ룬϶û飬

ﾹѦľ෴
ѦɰҲԸĻᣬľֵˣԸ㼸ǮĻᡣ

˵һطһطķѦԸһѸıˣľֵȴڣţֽ֪ÿÿĿж٣˲ԿƾҲ֮С

ͷɽ͵ͨ

סˣ˷®ҵľλá
ˡŶһʾ®ʶָָͷǼңѷҽճ£˰ݷá

ûͣлˣǱȥ

®Ժִܰ˼һԺľĺ;ӡ졢ȡٵľþߡ
ջۣЩֺ߱ϵļĥ÷⣬˰뱲µĹ

˿̣ЩȴҵɢԺڣʾԺշõ顣

ʱͻȻ˵˵ҲǶǿϣǱҶô꣬ڱӦˣ϶ˣҲǵûؼź㡣

Ƿ®ģȴյǵͳƽдԹ

һ˵ЩȴǿӲ˵˲ܣӾ㶯ҲźַҶ˿ȣҲҸϽȥԺȥ

®Ҳ㵹ǶһҿҲܣһܶ㣬ԺҲȥˣͲȥƵط

һûǷ®ò壬ˡ
λҲ˼˵ȫǺݻȴŶԶԷĹġ

ˣ®ʵⲻ飬˾٣һ;Ҳų⡣
˼ƽΪҲܿ

һλӵݱȥԺ꣬ȣϲܶҲҪ®ȥ顣

ߵǰ˿š

®ȻѲ²һ֣֪˰ͷ
ԼʶĢ֮́ͷִٵʣ֣ôˣ

˵ûʱȥԺĲ£ôҪæĵط𣿡

®һŵˣȥ˵

˻ʷ®ɷҸ˵䡣
®ԥ£ͷ

뷽®ȥԺڡ

ŲʣС®ͬѧ𣿿Ժȥ˵ú顣

˵ͬѧ

һǸŮӵȴǶӵ¡

ȥ˵𣿡ʡ

Ӧ

˹ȥϵˡ
ԼĪʮ꣬һϣҲˣ˵´ĥĺۼϸüۼ뷽®мơ
һ˫ֻ֣ϧȣ

磬С®
𣺡ǡ

һˣпʲô¶УҲܵˡ

粻ԭίֻ˵®顣
ͷ˵Լϡ

˾ˡ˵
ǰԼ˵գ˵ģʽǻԶӵܳ飬о죬Ҹ˻ˣֵҫҶǾˣһܿʿˣľҲڷɳ

΢΢˵Ͼˣкܴɷ֡

⣺˾У´ȥݷ𣬾Ǯߺˡ

翴ˣ͸ִĸһܺԸԸѧͱźѧšƷΩжߡ
ָĸ˵ãСʲôѧͲѧ治ѧ˳ǲǻԹĸһ䣺Сʱ򲻶£Ҳ

ɷ®ۿ֮䣬Ȼ꣬ѡԼȨ
£ĸùԤһˡ

Լ˲ж˼ǣ˴ǰ̾С®ߵ磬⺢ִСǸģô󣬳ʱȲ࣬ľϣУƫƫϲľա

Ҿϲľա
⣬®Ť֣ȰˣҲϲģҲǿϣоٶ˹ʺˣⱲû룬ؼҸϱС

֪®˼룬̲סȰ㶼ôˣʵϧ

®ƽ֪ΪҺãҵ˵Ĳᣬ벻ңǰԺôЩ꣬λᣬôҲȥˡ

䡣

®Ȼ񣬼ֵ

ʣȥԺôӪ
򵥰˵®ָֻģ

˵
®ԥһᣬ

иƫݣ
®ǰͳԿ׿ţ࿪ɡ

ýȥվ⳯￴ۣͱ𺳵ˡ
ѲЩģ




25.   25    vʼ

, ڷŸʽֹľƷ

СҺϵľµ񻨣󵽷¹ľţ˵ճܼũ߼Ҿ, ǽṹϸӵСʮ
ֱС͵ľƷйݡ

ˣ𺳵Ըӡ

ѰǾϲ, ʣⶼǳ֣

®ġš, , ЩƺֵһᣬԶûдﵽǷ켫ĳ̶ȡ

ҵר˵ľǷ®ˣѶ˽, ƺλܡ

ʱġ®һֻҺˣչʾǿССҺϵһ֦ҶïһλɫĸڷѣʱղûܵòǼǲˡ

ϵҺ˾ĥ׹⣬˼Ʒ, רҵľʦ˵㲻õ, Щ˵ѾۼǡеСˡ

˵ʲô, Զڵģ

®ͷ, Ц¡
˵ﻰˣ˱ʣȻ˵Щ

Ѳ, ָһͷСʲôȤĶ

Ƕȣȴ£ƽƽ̯ңֲεô²Ǹʲôõ

ǰ۵®Ѵһǿ۵ʲôأžһȱԹԳ£һŵ˴ģ
ҲǵѧʱϻزȥԺҵ֣һŴż˯һ˯ƽʱʱǽϣҵһ㲻

棬ȻӸѧ࣬ίԼ

Ǽ۵ģһ߳еϾӳⷿЩִʱռط
ɹŴֹľ۵ǵһμϸȥɣӿڴõĹŽеĽӿڷʽνɡ

ͻȻ뵽Լͼø®ܸԭĵĸӾ

®ǿһȦÿ˼飬ϲУ˵ʱϲ۾ֹס⡣
ЩľƷ¾ɲһ¼Сĳɳ̣ҲǼһ׮ˡ

ôԼɣ®СҫİƷ˿佱Ͽһ㣬ʵ

㹻ˡ˵ĲˣǸ

®ҶʲôѧԺ˰꣬ͯˣ˵뿪Ҷ᲻õģҲԺһһľͬǣͷ۵鱾ҲΪ᲻ǣһֱίԼҲʮˣΪԼ͵ˡ

Ǹˣͨȡ֮󣬾ͻϡ
һˣԭȰ®Щ֮󣬱֪®ѡԺĵ·

˶һۣ뷨

ͬʱѧԺһȺѧӻ۷׷ס

ָ׵ˣ벻ˣҪڼӦţԺˡ
ҲôΪȥҲͬĽ
ҾЩ᲻÷ˡ
Ҳǡ

˳ĬƽʱͻʣʱҪǱȷ롣

ʱԺſͻȻ˶ҶΪˣܵſڡ
ܱߺ𣿡

˴ţûһλº͵ӡ
ϱŰǸո·Ե÷糾͡

էһôˣ£ǿкġЦŽ͵µȷաȴλ˽ոյԺѧ

ü۸Щնײˡ

˲Ǳˣ׸磬ǰѧ硣

ѧӳͬͷʾãĿԽˣسԶȥϣӰ

ӣʵǿɷڵ硭
˵ͷ

·ϵ˵£һλͬͬľǱ⣬ѷҵµл˵
֪ԭҵĶӣз®ģҲѧԺѧ

ŴϢͬϢͨ˵ѧԺŮ˭֪Լѧһ˵ѧҳˣ̸ȥ̽ˡ

ǰԺ

ûƼ磬ȴѧ˵ע㱻
ʣ֪ʲôʱܻз®ֵܼôˣ

类ӵŽԺţ˵ıλЩԼ֪˽

ʵҲûൽȥҷ֣ǲ֪®ôģҲûޡ

˼һ˵ֵܵĸײʣﶨ벻ˣûݿģֻЩԺͬˡ

ʣǸô÷أ

˵ֵϿΣȥϷ˶֣࣬Ҳֲ̫ʱ䣬ѧܱȷһҪõĶࡣ

⻰˵꣬˿ʼĬˡ

е˵ȷ®鲻ǳеȴ顣
ʱʾƤʱ컨׹춯أҪԼͳ˾ĺ«Ʋˡ

СʣǵжȥٵĻ˵ֻˣҪһζˡ
˸ͣǰȻܵķ֣ϾΪѧѧʲǵһλ

⻰˵Ҳû˶Ǹ壬ƿѹǰ˭ԸԼǰ̻ء

Ҳ˷ߺ޵ǡôûģôǵģǴֺѧȥأͷ֣Ƿһейʧܷ

Ѿ˲ĵͷҽ

ٿλֵܣ˼ģ涼ûչȥأ˲̫˽

ԹԽǸĵ䷶
мɶ˼һ˦ۣȥ

á˵ҪȥѧŸֵҸ԰źԼʱ䡣

ʱԶһλ̨һҲȥ

˻ͷȥȴ˵˾ȻҶ

֣
ȻǾֲ֣ѧȻҲ¿αһ죿
ҲˣֵԷûʱˣȻԸ⻨ʱȥҡ

ҶǸ˵ģиѧ뷽®زʶȻ֯ȥϲܶķ治֪ǲпӡ
®һᣬͻȻڡһ

ԭã˾ӦҶԼѧҵڵһλȥʲôңͱҶͻľٶһôˡ

Ҷ˵ȥпӵˣ

һ·СŶ괩õЬܷˣѧǰ硣
鷳̨Ҳȥ

ԺѧӴľէһӶϵ˵ˣЩĿ

ԺѧõˣҶѧõͷѾȥˣⲻҪΪܣȻתҶ֣ҲҪȥң

Ҷд˹ϰˣ˵۾ݣѧʣΪľ֪飬ܶͬѣӽҪڣʣѧġ̵ǡ岻ΪҲ˵

һҪĵϵļƣæ˺˾֣Ƕöá

ҶǷ®ĶƽѧٳգҲֵػ®ġ塱Բͬķʽ;ͬ顣

Цŵ٩Ҷ֣չ𣿿ɱ𽲡һľЩˡ
Ҷʮ֪֮ǳգֲɵ

˺Ц

Ҷĳ֣˴˶ѪŸ籨

һһҪȥ淽ֳһ
ң˭ûѵʱͬģϽ𣬰﷽ػԺ
ѧԺѧ밮ɣ




26.   26    Ҷûأʲô͡

®ĲٻԺ, ʰҲϲ˶ĶҪ˵Ҳû޿ɺǡ
ʮУг״Ԫ

ɷԸ, ǿڲŲˣû˵ϸ׵ִ֡

®ԭǶ, 챻Ƴɶˡ
㶼˻, Ҫԡ

ôҹǰ, Ҿʹõ㣡

ѿĿЦã˻ͥϵԱһȰһ˵䡣

³һ, 鷳ľϵַСӼʶʶľǸеҲҹ̶̹ܽܽӣˣ

޷ѣ̯Ӹӽ

뷽®ǰ˵, ®˵ľֵĽˣͬе, ͱΣ

û򿪹ݵţΪֻǷ®Сʱ, ЩʵʵԺ, Ѿꡣ
벻®ô˵ַľֵĽôĽ飬ܲԼ˵
һӦ

СԺڼվ, ľϵĹаˣҲаС
ճʱһһΣæ˷ڼҸһԴһŲ飬Ȼ̲סꡣ

®ӣȥɣǿţòġ

®ΪòǰТأο޹ʵھǣһصĻУʱ˶϶

ǰ®ӣ㶼ǾˣǽϵСĽ㻹ء˵㲻ܸﰡôûľϣʰҲ˰

˽ͣ®ȴסˣ˵λֵǣľ䣬գ˭վտ˭˵Ļз԰ɡ

˵ͷ

®˵֪ľľգҵһֻۣ߻ۣȻɣǼݵĹ˿Ҳ˵һ޶
£˵ҵû죬Ҳ׹ⲻʱһģһģǲǾͲٰҵ˵

ʱ°Ͷˣﱵʲôľʲô֪жСӷŴһ㲻ݸ塣

ûţ®Ҳͣߵľ϶ǰһֲڵĿľ

̾üһľ϶ᣬ۵ϳϸľ˸ֵġ

Щǣ®ȻЩûɱϾǵ棬ڵô˵սϵܳ

ġѿĵǣսȻԼˣԷ®ӵӣͱľϻˡ

ͷ԰Щ

ʱ®ߵϡĥһֲڵľ𽥳Ρ

տʼԤһﻹ®յĸֱ߳һȥֱľһĻȣܿٵ˵ˮƽˣûеʵĻﲻ̶ֳȡ

۳߳Σۼ˷֣®۲߻ǾŻ

жеĽСۣˮƽѾڳĴˡ

ۼ˵ɫɲתΪ죬ٵۺ;̾

®ʱרעѧԺģһ㶼ͬԺһµӡ
ϲó¡

յ®СﱣСתֲڵľĴĥ£𽥾ϸ
գƷȻϸµÿȷϳľֻ

®ɴֽ˴ϸľмָؽһתģЩƤѸõ׸ˡ

ӵλľǽ˸æ˫ţϸۿ޵⡭ⶫС®ġ

ഫʱ̾

С®ʲôʱôˣ
ҪƲĳһҲǰʮɣ
®ӻôᣬ꣬ĳһˣ

ʱСԺѾû÷®ˣȫڳĹգƷˡ

һˡ
®ô˵ԳЦһ
ô꣬һֱǿеĴͷѵӶ࣬ΨһõпϵĻǸ˵ģǼǰ

ͷһֱƺҶģôһû뵽һ죬Ҳôˡ

Ѻľһˣֻ֪Ķÿ¡ӣȴ޷֪еŵ
һԺӵľȴ֪ǿĶˣǱĲˡ

߹ȥ
ļ򣺡Сӣز©
Ҳ˵ޡ

®ˣƽʱ۹ߣ˺٣ҶһѺҲ㡣
ǿǲʲôҪ˿䣬Ҫˡ

ŻҪװȵıƣֵɶźķɹ

Ҳ˾Ʋ˵ƣˣǵȺķʮɹóоƷ
찡÷ӣ÷®˼ˡ

վʣأ˭ˣ

ڹ۵Ͻˡ
®Ӳ˲ߵǰ㡣

£ң

ԡ®˵Ұɣûĸ㲻һѧһͬʣûΪҵҾͿңҷ˴֮ȡ

ǰһƣԺҲȥԺҲûʦͽ֣ҲΪϴεµǸª

ªʲôǸ߻˽ӡ
ŻĸҲֵƵˡ

ȴƴˣΪϴεµǸǱأûϣҪʦͽǸء

أ®ȵ治ȥԺ˰

֪˵֪㲻뿼ƾ٣һ£ʦͽһʱϲˣ˵㻹ˡ

˵һ¡̾뵽صͼֽ뷽®ݺͼܣҲµ߰˷֡
ЦͦӣһԴŹ

˶࣬®ûʣְõҲʱŽơ

ԥŽӲӡ

ȴԥʱ򣬰ѷ®˹ȥЦ˵ֵܣ˼ҪҪִԶ㲻͵ʲô

®ãȻ

ˣǸ۵رȤٴȥѰһ§žߣԶֹҶûأʲôͣû

˵ķ®һ£ôﻹŶ

ĪؿѧıӰ̲ס룬˼֣һ۵͵§§ĵزˣ

˲ҵȥˣβĹ
®Ѿþտ۷˴ľֻҪһʾ⣬ϵõļ˱㶮ˣŽȥ

һˣʣ缸С®˰ɣ⺢Ҫľǿɵҡ

û˵꣬⼸˾ͼߵߣϵϸ磡ɲˣϷðˣǸŰ

һһ㶵ģǰǿȰ飬ϽʿŽðš

ʲô飬⣬®ƾգ»ʲôطܴ


˵õ˵أ




27.   27    Ժ㹻

ѧԺ, ΪҶΪġָѧСŶʽ
СŶӶԱĦȭƣ׼®ҳ

ߵԺſ, ָԶϲǲ𣿡
ǣǻˣ

һ֡, æ̧ͷȥ, ֻԶӰȷʵǶղ, ½ʶѡ
ɫһϲӭȥ

ԱȺ˱ˣȫ˹ȥ, Χסˡ

ֵ֣ܼôˣôûһ
˸͵԰ôû˰

Ѷһۣ˵®°裬ⲻͬô

ˡ

ͬȵˣôС

ѽ˵õģԼ, 

вУԲСȺһ®˾Щ, ѵĻû꣬, ǶѾ֯СŶ, ְȥϷȫʱ顣

СŶӣʣʲôСŶӡ

һָһȦˣǰԺλ̨, ӣǴ֯Ƕ˰࣬һһһʱôҵʱ䡣

Ц⵹˼Ϊôģ֪˭ôвţӡ

ѧӻȥѰ磬ŷ˶Ǽȥˡ
æţ

翴ѣЦúΡ
Ǹӣһӿ˹ȥĬĬں棬ôʷ®£þǰ綼˵ϻ

ղ磬էһϤģ۾ˡ
硣

磿
е£ֵܣ磿
˵ûë
ֵܾȻĸ磡

ⱲеҰͬǵĸǵͬѡ
ǲԺ󷣸Ӹѧ˵ˣ

ñЦӦ
ʶ׵һֵ

类׸綺Ц¡

Цҵ˭ôвţԭֵܡ
绹֣ղɡ

ٴξȣôֵֻܸʶҲǸﰡ

ƽĵҶˣ˼Ҹһרעһµı죬ͷȴǷ®ֻרע®
ǰʵɻã®ô㣿

һѧԺ߱߰ѷ®ľ

겻ѣû뵽ôֱĴӹˡ

署ü򵥣ֻ˵սû̡
Բ˺üϷ춯ظ顷ѧֻΪڴϸĴӹΪİ㡷

úЦԲȥ®ɿˡ
͵оݣǿ۷ľϵй

ѧһй°æѽ

ѵ첻ڸ¥˵ѷ®۵ľ컨׹

Ŀɿڴԭǲѧķô
ֵľڳޣ˵ĳǰʮ
СԼඣ

Ѻصͷһͨѿֱ졣

һĿࡢĽοıУΨҶ򾲡
૵Ҿ˵®ҲıãȻ

Сņ̃ۿҶһۡ
˭˵Ҷմմѡ

ڶգռٵĵһգԺĹأԺдѧ
νѧɵ¸صѧڣԺѧн˵ѧͯ˶Ҫμӣʿ⡣

ѡ硢Ҷ˶Ӳ

ѧһգĶ棬֪дѧ˷ܵ˸磬ȥ𴲡
ѺҶ෴һһزȥǰߴŹǷ͵͵ﴧ˱㽲ѧʱ͵ſﻹ£Ĵ˱ӹ׼ѧʱ͵ű

粻㡰¸ءҲͯ˵һ𣬾Ӳõ
ʵվ͸®ԼˣҪȥľ֡
һ³ͼֽԺš

ոѿõģ

ľ֣ҡ
®ͼֽѿڶ仰

ͼֽʵͬͼԴһ㣬ǸǰͷǾƬұСЩͷиεĶ
֮ι״

㾹Ȼһ۾ͿôˣҲЩ⣬Ҫ֪Ӷû

®ͼֽطҹߣҾ͸еܿ֡

˵Ҳˡ

®ܵõĿ佱˲٣ж졣
磺ĸͼֽڱû

˵Լģ𣿡

®ϸ˿ͼֽǲܣǸӣѹ򣬻Щͼϵıע̫
÷ЩʱաҪʲô֣ѽ

Ҳ֪ʲôִոѿǻֻ˲ٵطԭĻеȣ˺Ĳ䣬طѾĵĿȫˡ
û֣֮ȡְɡȻմ򵾹õġ

®ЦӦһңܸδ֮ȡ

Цд˿ƤľĻڵĻȴԺʣҲһȤ澰ˡ

Ѳ®ȳؾľϡ
ЩڼҽľĻ˳չϵǶ£ӱˣͦԺǰСǡ

Щͬǻ齨Сӣ˵Ҫչ˷·ػԺ˵
®ϵĶһ٣ЦһȺ鷳

½®ǸѹǾͬ⣬պѰ٣ǵһݱůԺ·

ҵտۣҲͦȵģټϽַھӶ䣬ûȥԺ¡®ϵĻͣҿģź;

Ʋܼãˡ

®Ц˵ϧûиľԺҶҵգ˵ǲҲܵ

ʵۣԺ㹻

ո͡ѿǻִĶʱʵڲס
ӽδʱ

®л֧õıʣæŻһȥţȥ㡣

ˡ
®Цŵͷ

صԺѧĴѧȻû֪ĸ˿ӣ署磬˿һҲۡ

ۣѧҪ۲ˡ

ڵϣܵػ˻Σһ˷ܵģྶͥ
󿴿Ѱ˸ƣŻýζҿִͷ飬鱳ԡ

棬ʲôûֻϥǰ̾

ѧڽӽβĽһ֣ûƵһͷȥˡ
̫ԲŹѧǣɤӵ̨ٴյ׻ԺĹ

ɨһȦֳʻȻ®ڣʣµСආˡ
ٿףǸŮأ

ԺͶ粻ﾹظҲ˲ˡ
һԲʣأ

ֱӰѧǵעˡ
ѡ磬Ҷˢˢ̧ͷ

̫ϴ֪ѧǷ®£ֻ߶ˣѴдԲһֻ۱һֻۣûƽϡ
®ѧôôҲãҲɴ˵֪ѧǶŮҲ⡣

̫ˣϼ˵Ҫְڼӣϲѧ˳
ΣΪѧߣʵǲֳԺˣһŮӼͷ¶棬ҵ

ѧҡͷͬǲҵ£




28.   28    ҹɫУŵһ

⻰˵, ˵̫ԣѵ˶Щ⡣
Ĭõġ

̫ϵⶶ˶
ȺѧǸŸɵ
ôʼΪˡ

͵͵Ϊ˱˸ޡ, ̵ġ
תͷʱôӴ⿴ϻ硣

Ѿͷѧʲô
òͷ

磺ҵ¡
һҪ˵ļ, ذԱ߲ࡣ

ѧ, кŷ, Ҳ˵ġ
ݣèӺ˳ȥ

绹֪ѧڷʲô, ޲سǰߡ
׼ŽȥͻȻ£ţһ쳣ڶߵߡ

ͷȥͿŹĲ

Ӵǰܿ
ֻ̫ȥʱ׽ӰۣΪԼۻˡ

ܳѧݵؽ磬Ѳ½ŲֱȥСԺϢͺˣȥѧʲô
ʣȥѧôˣ

Ժ

˵̫, Ͷˣ²̫ԣù, ˵ѣ뿴ѧʲô

뿴ѧʲô, Ҿˡѵ, ˵ֲǲ֪

磺ûϵ

йϵѺϸߣ˵ߡ

ţ翴ѡ

Ѹղ̫˵硰ͷ¶棬ҵʱ, Щڻ㲻̬ȣҪòͷźܡ

£˵ѧߣԼԺϺô

ҲǣȺѧһپ١һˡ

ѵ©ԣֻǲƽʱԣǹǳЦ

粻ǸԹɫˣ˵仯Уȴڴ˿Լܵǰƺôġ

ǰ΢΢ŵЦʱȻ
ͳѧ㷨Ƚ״̬µѣûƽָƽ׽ˡ
֢ҩǡллҡ

һ㶣ʲôˣ̾ˣҲлңȥһ죬ۻˣ

绹Щۣȴ˵á

ѲݷȥϢ

իķߣѱһ䡰лл忪ˣָ״̬һú署ѧ

ʵĵúܣúãǹӼѧʢ
ӼĴѧеѧӶμӣѧʱ򻹻ڸѧõѧʿѹ
ģΰѧݶװôˣҪֳʢʱһѧܳա

ζȴھʴͣ¡
֪Σ»طֽ⡣

۾ʣ⻹ܷ»أ

һͷʮܰö㽲ˣԺ󻹽ʲô

аɣþգ»ǡ

ѰͻСԺ˳ֱȡ
СͤУʣȥңջ񣿡

ͼֽϵĶϣԭ
ЦǾͺã¿Ըʲôö˰ɣ

Ҳ͵ոõģѦͶޣ˸ɲػܲʡʱʡеܿոѿǣһ˱Ȼؼҵֲط·ĥѿǡ

ϻĶ۾ⶫҪѦӭж⣬츣䰡

츣䲻ԣֻϣ®ܰѶ˳Ͷʹá
ʵпǷ®治֪Ҫô

ζЦô

ҪشСԺˡ

վſڿţǶⰡãס𣿡

磿絹ˮѧˣ

˼׸ˣӿЦŰѴڸеͣȽܶʱⱻ

Խȥͤ£սڲԺûˣֽһɢˡ

Դһֱæţú˵˵
ʣﻹ𣿸֮Ӧ𣿡

һһˣͦã赣ǡ

һ
ƽʱ࣬ò羹Ҳ˵Щ
ֻ粻Уҵ࣬ˣʱȥ

ֻʣӣһҪŵļơ

ĿЦЦԼϣʵ㿴Ҹʲô

롭ѵˣֻ֣СѧһƣԵеɺίʶʱҲˣôǰûô໰

ԩò׸ˣ˵仰ӵ˳

ϵȷʵãⲻ١
ڼʱûչǸϲ˵ģ䣻ֻиãϸģóԵĶ

ǰ绰治ˣʱشżԸӳƤߺþö˵ϼ仰ļƣѸҡ

Ǹôߵģһ䣬Ҫʮ䣬˵ʮˣҪࡣ

˵Щĵġڲͬġ
Ӱ롣

Ϊ㻰డ˵ˡ̵

ɼˣڹǰǴڻ˵ˡ

ЦúúãֻҪ˵ԸͳɣĲ󡣡

˵磬뿪󣬴ѧݼ
ʱӽƻ裬߲ãȥһիᣬӰҹĴ㡣

Ҫիᣬײһˡ
ɫҴңżæŵشײ˸

ԲסԲס˵òæصǸ

Ƣãº͵޷
ȿ˳࣬˾Ѿͷիᡣ

˼ϣ룬ѧȥ

ѧԺѧݲ٣дСѧԺһСЩģѧѧϰʱ

ѧݿԺš
ҪȥͻȻƳŷһӰ
ϸȥŻƻһϳѧիײԼˡ

˶ȷû˿͵͵سԺš

翴֯ѧȥʱҲǵˡ
춼ҪˣԺʲô

ֻĳ˽ԳԺˣҲԸ±Ժ˭ûԼ£˲룬̧̤ѧݵš

һȼ꣬㵽ҹѾع졣

ɬۣ˸Ƿ鱾˸׼ȥ˯

ɲˣѧʱ͵Ժţѧʱּ͵ŴԺŽ
ͬһˡ

ҹ˽˽ţ̨˴ի᲻ֺڣҪͬ𣿡

˭֪˵ŵһ飬ݵӹҹɫһ
ȷ˵ûж⣬סΣѵáá

ĪȻǻի˯ͬкβɡ
˼ҾܾԼɣûǿѣֻԼǹի˯

ڶһ磬ȥš

ȴſײһŵġ
Ǹ˳ˡ׸磬Сʳиպߵſڡ

ѣк֣簡
ָɰͰͼһЦֵ硣

Сͷæ񣬡ֶСϣ鷳鷳ˡ

鷳ѻһЦֵܰΪ׼緹Ƿ˲ʱɣҿҶֱһʱˡ

۵ǰʵҲһȥţС

СóԵúúȵĺáѲҪظ˼һСãȻС磬ˮʯһֱ֮㣬ڷܵѧϰԡ

ᵽԣ·ңһӽ޲̽鱾
˿ʳУΪѵؿڣҵɵĿ졭ǲ̫æĻպⷹҪȻ㡭

˵˵͡Եʮֺ˵ҲҶ㣬¸Ҽ⡣

˵ţͻȻ򿪣һվʲô

˶ʳУǰЩʱչĻһ˿иɱӡ
ھͷӣҲǲס

ѺҪ̧Žȥ®ͻȻԶ
ңһŹġ

ʣô㼱ʲôˣ
΢΢ü®پտҲôá

®˿żͼֽˣ




29.   29    ͼֽ

ͼֽˣ
˲䷴Ӧ, ®˵еͼֽ
ͼֽúڷ®ô˵Ͳˣ

®ͷͼֽϹһֱ, ͼֽúǰţһͼֽѹ, һ, ׼ùȥͼֽ, ôҶҲ

ʣȷұˣ

ȷ®϶ҷ鱾ЩȷʵɢңľĶڷŵþ, ǷģȷʵҲˡ

ȷü®ʢƷݣÿڷڸôλá

ʣȥ𣿡

ҲûС®˵˯Ҳͼʱûȥ

˼Ǿǳ˯ʱǱȥͼֽ͵ˡ

üǱ񻧼͵, ʾͲһˡ

˵Ҳֻֿܽ͵ͨˡ®»˭֪ͼֽ

Դ续ͼ, ֪ڵһˣҶ, 綼֪
˭ͼֽ

®ҡͷûˡ

°, ˼ֻ֪ȴ֪ʲôħֶš

ͷڷ®ң˵мҪ̷®, ˵ʱûбˣ˶ӣųʱⷽ®ȥˡ

®˾ȵô/̬ˣʲô

˵ϲǺ㣬ƣ֪֪˰սʤ˼㣬ȻҪһж򡣡

®˭ʲô𣿡

ѵֵܣ룬ɵʲôˣ

®ͷ˰죬૵СӣȻƻԣǺ˰
뵽߶һ飬ü˶ˡ

Ƿ֣ɵġȱ¡еడ

®ͷȻ࣬ɶЩ˴ŵСڣ͵ô
ţͻȻһĴȣ뵽һˣ

ʵҲ뵽һˣʶ˵ֱǸڱеСˡ
ֻǲȷ
˵˵

®ݺݵΰ

ͬһˣĸ˵ĸоܲá

ӡϴ®ѵĹϵûֵǰ
ʣ͵ͼֽʲô

ҡͷʱ

®ݺݵСӣؾͲԺǰƤ

ûͼֽ®˹Ҫӣ»ͼֽҲҪȸ졣
ѦֵոǸػ֣Сǿ
Ҷ

ʱһֱû˵ͻȻ˿ڡ
ʷֵܣʲôʱյĹ

®룬˵ʱ

˼һᣬʣǿǸΰǲǸ߸ݡ֮ˣ

ǡ®ҧüۣв죬һǸСģ

ʵľ壬ʵôֵܣ뷨

ԥŵȥѧݿʱһ˳Ժţ̬Ӧþ˵ῡ

®˻𣺡Ȼ쵰

ʣԼʲôʱ

룺ȥʱԼĪʱһ̣ʱײʱӽʱ

ĵʱҲԵϡ

®ŭ϶ԹԺˣͼֽҸû߰߰ɣһȥλ̨ʣ

˵®®ϵԼ

ʱܵλ磬ֳ
ͷ

®ȵԭֳʧʧ
Ц񣺡Ҳң˵ֵǰ

˷ͷȥѰΰұԺû˵Ӱ

˵úѧݵѧ˵ûȥ
®Ҳ˵Ҳʳݺ֡
磺իҲûУĴʰ룬ͷİҲˡ

ˣֲõԤС

һֱȥ˲̫ԣԺ®Ķ

ôģ®ʡ

˵Ժ˰³٣ԶѣҪＸæ
ԭֻǻɣ˶ˣֱʵ

ƨ®޵ԶݣҪæǸæ𣡡

ȰҲ޼¡

®˿ʧµ£ǰ²ף֣һʧû뵽ǰˡ

˵ⲻ㡣

Դڷ®῵ĹڣڳûһԹ®ɺ
һҧҾͲ治ˣҵңȥ

ȥѽס˵ͷϣȰסȥҲá

˼һڲ֪͵ͼֽҪʲôֻ÷®ʧ˻˵ġ

Ҳ뵽ˣĿǣͼֽһ˽ĵģҿʵ壬ͬıᱻץסѱЩ˵ǵáƣ죬ֻܻ߼۹򡣡

ȥˣҲ֪ͼֽãô˵ߵƾʲôǵĶԼˡ

˵ʲôã粻Դеˣ֮ǰҪԲߡ
Ƹ߲Լҵоţȥ˼Բߡ

һ·ͣЪܵῼҵķ®ȴסˡ
ῼҴŽգĻаӰ

˸Ų˿ϸˣȥˣ
һ磬ţ̽ȥˡ

ݳǡ
زԶݵĺĳкġ
Ķͷ˾֪

ؿƾ֮ͷҲǿƾĻҪ֮ء

ſڣһĸӿųϡݳǡ֣صشһǳ;
ĸϱŰǸʮӣ߸ݣؿڣǲʲô

ڵݳˣǶڰɡ

̧ͷˣѵ˶ҵῡ

˰ؿڣֽڡҪⶫ֪𣿡
ȻǴԶʲô

῵Ҳ͵ϵ岻֮󣬵˵ýȢ˴ʧˡ
ĸգﵥһ֡

ôһΰͶ꣬ϲ´ĥĺۼ
͵Ĵ帾²棬˵Ҳס

ĸ˳ţɲģǵ֪ôƽͷϰա

ɫһſҲҪ

ƽʱˣϰˣڶǰҲĲɥòװͽԺûи®ҶҶΧԺ˸ɵ𣿡
سǸԻȵģ͹ٴκö˰ϳĸٲǾĶͷϼٴһѹš

ûô󵨣̫Ұִ
뵽®ģ־ñշĳԵưͿ

ѹҴˣ֪Ǹ٣öЩҪĶǳ롣

῵ͷοԼ˵ףʲô

ݸýúɣʯʨӷңͷۣſڻԺľͲʮˡ
ôһȣس·ţԵ̫ˡ

ôϵĵͷݼ̤
ĸһ֣⵽ǵϡ

῵СЩùġ
ȴǸ󵨶ģҲ¶ֱӴӺɰЩ
ЦλСֵܣȥȱȲ衣

˵ֻ꣬˸ݣ࣬裬ţǧﱼֻΪ֪һ棬֪Ϊ

λ۲ɫϸ˵ʵڿʣ֪ģ֪Ҳ˭ܼġ

ȻȻ˵˹æҵȲȻ˱񡣡
ֿ޵ɺǸĸٲΪ˵֪ѵõĺù٣һҲһһĺãŲԶǧ

۱Ļŭţ˼ҵӣֽһˣ˽ȥͨ

һͨ˳ˣ˵¶࣬͡

ϵô򵥣۶кöҪ׸ˣܱƽƣְһ

˵ţΏֽŵһǣۿ

˵ȴ˵Ļסˡ
Ǵ֪λʮ꣬ˣǴʧǼʧ
ȥͨ

ͨнȥˣٳʱͻ̬ȡ
롣




30.   30    쳣

ľ, һʧ

ֻľȤʡ
ľ񼸺죬ֻ񸹵λиɵĻϻ, ܴż֮޺ۼ
ֻŵ

˲һ١®ԼĶ, Ҳͨ, ľǻԭ, 䲻͸ȴûġ

ѵͷŸױ, ľ㡣

ӷŴˣֲǽ飬ͨͨ͸ŶѣŸľʲô
ΪǸ͵ţҲǸľеգ˼ۣ԰һˡ

ѰѾдõŷŽ񸹣®ľϰŪһų, Ƿˡ

˿ڣӦϵ׵ĳνɴ, 
ˡӵϷƣ˳һ, һǵ٩

ǰɴ˵ĺʷ, Ц̸署ǵʱڽιȥˣίڹ, ɵλá

ϧ粻ڣû취δıĹһ񽻡

ԼСԺڤ˼

ͼֽҲȥ򣬽ҪôӦԡ
δӦ֮ߣʣֽ£ԥջأ¡

ʱԶڼݳǵĸӣڼ˼֪ס

֪ʮ࣬˶Źٷϵסķ⡣
ϴŵûйڲЭǿάһģ

ϴϣңֻʦүһڲ࣬Ͽڣºˣ˺£

æЦ˰ãĸױˡ

䣬ֻһ죬еľľ£һ

ĸŵһ

Ϊ磬Ȳ

æͣǲ˵ˣĸҴԩ
˵ţȴΏͳͼֽ״ڴˣ˹Ŀ

ʦүȥӡ״һȴûӹȥ

۶࣬ȻԸⶫֱӸף׹ӲţǸϳȥδ֪

ʦү׶һۣʾʦү
ʦүͼֽɫ΢䣬׵˵ͷ

ؼ̬Ȼͣ˵ˣⶫǶһݵģϱ㶼ܵ󰡡

Ϊٶ꣬Ȼָ̰ȴ겻ɼЩµġ
Сʵⶫ

ָָԱߵΰ˵Сġ

ƳһۣСû٣ڵɪɪһ帾мʶ
ٺôʦүСܻ

ʦүҡҡͷš

޷ֻýطԭԭһ飬ͬ͵ͼֽо

Ҳûٷ𣬶˳Ĭβ˼ذ·ɲǸġ

Ȼԥһ˲ĸͼֽңӴԺûͼֽǵԩ飬Ի

һϲ֪¶ˣ¡

ڻָ
ʣʦү¿𣿡

ʦү𣺡شˣУҪ졣ͼֽ͵ģ֤ԭ˻ܻһģһģҪ͵øǰ档

׵ͷЩĽˣҹͼֽ졣
˵꣬һݿհӣմմīдʥ

أѧԺ
ѴֱӽСԺ

ôʡ
̫λ˶ձ˵εڻ·ϣѦ嵾ȴģ죬ٲվҪˡ

ü»õͼֽ¶ģٵˣ뾡Ѧȼü֮

ǡ˵һǲͷһݣͻᱻĵ˷һҲ˵ˡ

ҲۿѦׯղɡ罫ͼֽ۵÷Ž÷®Ժ£ˮڡ

®õµͼֽһۣȷϺֱӿ

ؿνǲ߲ݣæźϵʱ䶼׸е˯ľſ˯ͼֽš

ʱ䣬ǱҲʱ䡣

ϷɵıȵܵĿ죬ѵľ׵һﾩǡ

һ𴲣ڼ÷ͱһֻˡ
˺üΣҲˣشɴ뵽һλִ

޿£ץֻһϾȻû£Ųߡ

֮ͨɲŪ£λõĻϻͳһⱡɴֽдš
ˣղŻλأ̾Ϳ쳣

ɶֻȤȶѴΪˣӴֹ̼գûôɵ

ʮ˽ɵ˼ĵ㣺Ȱ£ͷоľ񣬰úֻ㡣
ԴǷģˡ

ʮдվոݸصĹԱżةƽæȴеĺȱ衣
Ϊɴˡ

ɴڴ˷һţ۾һˣ

պ󣬳ץֻŸ룬ȥѡ
صĲľӡ

ѱ߲ϵţЦȻˡ

ޱ˼Ұæ£͵óѪôȥ㴺Ϸûأľ񻹲ģ軨׷㻹ӿ
ӽĻԭⲻĻ˹ӡ

ӶЦˣͰ㡣
һһʧҵСɡ

ʣʲô

ȡֽд˵ҵͼֽˡ
ȵɴ˵Чôߣ
ߵѲɶ㡣
˭

ͣϵıʣƷԱƷͣѰ졣
ʲô㲻ƷټϴӶƷĹɣ㲻һƷ

ô
ؿһۡ
ٳϵ±͸ӣеĹԱƷ׵ͣʵ̸ڣСӡ

ɹ仰ʣӣô죿
ѣûޡ

˵û޵ӣתȥ

շ®ţ˵µѾϣ޺ͿͶá
ĿǰΨһһͼֽ˻

ѴеĿģͼֽ

ôŵùңõͼֽʿ֮ЦҸ£ĳԱٷƣ

֪Цˡ

ѻȡΣζܣػصסֻŸ°һţŷɳȥˡ

Ѧ塣
һ˰ѵΧסȺмƬĲ͸ĵȡ
У硢Ѻͷ®ڰŪһ硢ţţĶ

ⶫʵϡ棬ǰδδš
ǣʱܰѵȸһոЧʣӵĶҪߡ

ⶫľģҲСһĸҲܷȡ
Ѧ帾˼ֱ䱦Ҽʹ

ȻڴһյյĿʱ鷳ˡ
һżݸñֳֳìʹеĸΧס

Ϊ׵ʮ߳ȵⶫ˭ģԼվ





31.   31    Сո

, ԺⶫͽСС硯ɣ㿴찡®ָѾͶʹõ»е˵

ǰͳŵո͡ѿǻ, Ȩ®

νȡʲôֻ֣ҪܰﵽѦİվС
ѾúãһͺܸЧ

վҰ, һƬƱׯ, æµ, ܷմϲá

λˣȿˮɡ
˵ǹˣѾȬ, ЩСæִٲȥˣʱȥͷ顣

ЦŵлʢŸȪˮˮҵݸ磬̸
罻˭ӡ

ȹѦȪˮҲԼľջ۰ɡ
˵λŮӣ, ȴЦݣ֮ǰѾµλˡ

һˮ, һֻ˹޾ջۣѦ

Ǹ˼СС, Щ˵, ˿ϵĶЩִ٣
ﲻÿǴæ, ѦĴл㻹ʲôö

ڰϵĶѣ˵лֻһܡС磬Ҳǰ취ȵÿٶܡ

Ǿ̫ˡǸʵˣҲ÷Сܰ׳Ǵ峤˵ˣȵȴÿÿЩܼǮɱѣȵǾܻǮˡ

ûѽ飬ʱǶ˵أһζʩᲢǶ˵ء

Ѧոæ֮ʱͻȻԶСȺ

ѶۿȥǼ֪ıǼ֪˲ˡ
ĵ졣
ɫذ絲˵¡

ԼµЩ˵Ŀģͼֽйأֻǲ֪Էݡ

˵֪ˡ

˶ڣ˵ͰƬΧס
ΪָС磬ȵⶫ˭ģԼվ

ļ̣ɪԭأҶ˵һ仰

ѵ罻ãȥ
Ȼǰһ˵ҵģкιɡ

һЦкιɣδǴͬ⣬˽Է˵Ķ˵죬죻˵͵͢ϱܺ͢

ٲ߻ˡ
ȴ£ʶĳ棬ɱˡ

ӵʣǴλ
Աһ֣֪ϴˣڰѶˣ

ЦһôĿڿ˵ⶫǴģΪλѦˣ

Ȼ͵Ǵ˵ͼֽ͵ġ

ʣǴôʲô

ʲôȻոȣ

ȻָָոĵȣⲻǺ⣿

ʵƿԣŭһɺȻⶫģղʲôҪһˡ

֪˺аԵûεˣżݳǷˡ

ʼƽ߾ߡ
ǰһӹٲĥߴӡ

סʲô

ǳһЦģȻȥ
תԷ®˵Ժչ˺ˡ

®ĵ֣ваǿ֪

ֻ˵֪
Ǽ֪ȥء

ȴûɿҸһȥ
ѣ֡
粻Э㲻˵ϡŹֵĵӣ˵á

룬Ѿͷ˵ƺòĹֵӡ
˴ȥϷδɡ
УǾһ𡣡

Ѻ磬ͬǼܡС硱һͬȥ

ߺ󣬴ǲŴӾлع񣬵ǵӺﲻ°ɣ

®οֵʹأҲһа취˳

λϴ˵ĸһ˼ݳǡ

ôڣ϶˵һ֮ˡ
Ͼľһ죬ʣȿ֪

ǲģӺ

ԴǵԭͼǱΪƣľ͵Ȳ֣֮˽Ǹ淢ٻڹ

ѡŶһ˭˸淢ҡ

㲻عܡ˵֮ùѾϱ͢ٺȥǹȻԣ³ʲôñ㣿

úЦʵϴˣ˵ⶫƵģƾ֤

ױѶ˷ѿ࣬˭Լȷʵ֤أ֤ģҲѹ
һ֣ʦүڸȡһϻӡ

װϻӴ򿪣ŵģȻͼֽ
ֻͼֽһǼ׵ֺ˽ӡڣĵ۶ʮ꣬³

ͼֽչʾѿ˰ɣǰپͻͼ

ѣŶҲ˵Ǵ˱ǻ磬ⶫȨǴ˵ˣ
ףȻ

ѿ硣
˵ˣ㶼ûǵͼֽûĶôһҧǳģ

⡣
⻹סˣĸŪͼֽؽͼֽǳѧԺһλŮ֣֮ľľϵķҡ

ŮͷҶͼֽ֮ڶʱԶոȵ˼άʽΪͬһͼֽϵ

ѵ

˵˵Ѿ͢ϱ˹˵ѾѶģͶʹˣ̸ϹȻѾˣᵽ÷߼һǲķˡ

׵ʦүĻ˻һ͢űͣһ߲
Ʒˣδģ죬˵Ͷʹˡ

ȻѾģ֮˼ʶһ
ӻ֣Ѱͼֽһá

һ桰ո͡ѿǻչڴ֮ϡ
֮ûִ֮˳

Ҳһ̧֣ȻǵİȽϸֱۡ

״˿Ѿǣűˡ
ȶһɵˡ

һܣ׻Űڶܣȴٳٲ

˵˱ˣһܡ

ܣһܣ϶һ˵ϸǴྶͥ
ϴ˾ȵۣѿڶô£

ô£
˵ܣһ̨ոãѵ˾ϣҪ˻ؼУһ̨ѿãûѿǵĵȥܳ˿ǵĹ
Ƿ㣬ȴûﵽĳ̶ȡ

һܣǰߺ϶ΪһˣĵȱոֱѿǣֻҪڳڴϴӣʢӹһЩĳڴǵˡ

𾪲ѡ

ȻĻû˵꣺ǵĻеСС硯֪˵ĽʲôһĶô˵Ƿ죬׵İǸˣ

׵ȷʧˣΨһʧĵطǲ֪СѾͷô̵ʱڸ죬Ƴһµ

ľ˵ľ硣
Դͼֽ˶취Լķء
Ҳ⡣

ԼڣĥԺµͼֽѦĴ
ոѿǣȷܰѦĸǼЩǻҪոĵȣһһﱳ
ֱһλѵֻѹؼңּࡣ

ǣһܼո͡ѿǡһġС硱ˡ

ܡС硱֮ѦʵۼһҪѦ˵ģܣΪΪٷơ

ǰһЦЦ֪ϴж಻ãܽһ

ɵۣҪ۸ѵûϷ




32.   32    ͢Ա

ײڹٳϻ˶, ۼƲԣ̷ף
Ǳʧ, С˵ĲԣȻͬһ, ǱǸᡣ

ĹѾһʱȥ, ˵, ϵļνٲˣڴӦĸӣҪǽѵѵˣʳ˾ǡ
ԹԲɣ

˵, ˵ЦҵȾͲ֪˹ˣ˰ǴĴģͬС磬͵ȥɡ

治
׵֪ô꣬㲻ˡ
м£λ

λɷ

Ҫ뿪⻰סŲ˵

ԼС, ݶ̶̼ڳеĻû˵ĸЧ, һ͢Ӳ죬⹦Ǵۿۡ
ҪѶԷĹȡ

λС, и֮, Ȼ˫ǵСͬͼֽңΪ֪, ͳﰲЩеֻѦһ氡

ЦϴΪΪʵ˺ù١ֻ¾ã񲻺ãСͼֽ㣬ֻ»ֺ˱˵ļҽ˰࣬ļҾʹá

ϴϹҲסһʼȷô㣬ԶһǮ˵࣬Ҳ´Աˡ
ȴһ֪ǺεУ

ѲÿɷһЦҡ

ľвζô˵ǲͬˣ

ѣСŻɣ˲࣬ȸСȴȫܻģģ˵ġΪʲôҪˣ

׻޻˵ͼֽǵģõģҲȶԷ˺üա
Է»áãͶʹˣ߲Ÿá

ϴ߳ŭĲӲġ
µˣȷһ֪㲻ѵҲԱߵĹ

ѵǰҵֲ˾ϣܱǹİΣ

ŭǾʶʶˮˣ

ŵֳֳһڣңΧס̻ͦˡ

磺²£
ҪˣҲһ졣
ίͰ͵ǰôء
磺

׼ûԩǴһٲܽģУǾʹ١
һӣ򣡡

ˮ߸߾ĿȴҴææܽкţˣˣˣ

һϲĹ͢Ͽ⣬νˡ
֪ٻǽǮƣǴ͸ۡҲɣ뻻һݻЩլˡ

ǻŹӣҪѺ磬ײͷһ֣һȥ

üʣ֪ǵģ²Ѿеϱ͢÷͵˰ɣ

µĲ˵̰˰㹦ǰ˵׮츣ˡ

С˵־

С˵־һЦڹظͷſϷɡ

͢ղУ׳ӭӣһֻűѾ̤á

׻æƵ£֣Զ¹ʧԶӭʵ

ųͳĹñѥϹų飬ǹƷ
ߵǰϵʧԶӭ֪ʱĳϼӵ

Żʼƴģ޸ģҲҪ˲ݰһ·ڸ׼ϹĿ󣬲ʽ䷢

λղһͿôñӣϴ˶ˡ
ʹ͵ģ߲ơ

ٶ˵ϻƽ߻ĺѺͷУ˿ȫòˡ

ղ˵ɨ˹һȦһվѡ

ѵ˵㿴װĶз
ʵװ

ƽʱɲϵ׶ԥģƽʱǸƢ͵Ϻˣ˵ʮ䣬һ֡

磺
ΪʲôҪ˼ң
ǣ͢Ա

͢ԱˣľĹɣӰ

ɲߵ׵ľľ棬һɣľžһϣŵһ¡

ʲô˵ΪͷԵϼ¡
˿̵ףʹˣһ˼Լʲô

ڿˣæŰ참ţ
ЦСӣѰ졣

ɺġŶָŰᵽϵľʴһʣ׮ӣ

׼סˣָ˵ǰЩ˲ʡģ͵¹׼ڼͶʹõе¹׼ѵ

Ӱµеʣܶģ

ײ˲ͷϵĺѵ¹ٵģһǣǵġ

ӰһЦ㻹˵͵

亹

ûٶʣݵİӣҲܡٴ˴ǰΪһ¡

һظ˵˵˰ɣ

ӵ˾ٰ죬˵֪ϴˣ͵Ϯǹеϴˣ£


ڵ͵칤е
ôܣֻ͵Ժͼֽʲôϵ

Ͱ͵ûУ¹ûУ졣

Ӱͼֽʣϴ˵ģĳʮ³

ۼӰӻһֽչ滭ľͼֽһģһֻûǼӸ˹Ĵӡ

ָͼֽһǸĳʮ꣬³ġϴˣʲô˵

⣬⡣׼Ҳαǰдأ

Цˣ¶ʱҲ˵£ôԴˣ

Ӱĵ˵αڣ޻㣿

װʯͷԼĽţͷ¹ٲҡ

Ӱ̾Щط˲ʡģ͵׼ȫͶʹõеҪôʹأϣ
⻰ԭⲻػ˻ȥ

ˣͨһڵϣúñȥĹôУ
Ȼһ仰벶ȸں
ԭΪܸѵ˰ķ͵ԭⲻرӦԼϡ

ϴ˲˵Ǽ˼ӰӸµؿһۣҪҪ˰ѹеϴ˶Աſ

òáæҡͷ
ͼֽһģһģȻһģһе
֮ܶƲ߸֮ˡ

״ˣͼֽе£Ǹɺϣ¹빤뵽һȥˣͬͼһ¹ľûĺá֮治УǾһģһĶҲ˶ҵﰡ

ѹЦϴ˵⻰ֱǴԼǻ˵ĻԼϾͲˡ

ѣѲɾǲߣ
ôӱһ޿ֵģȫ̳ء

ڲ֣ǹɡӣ
˾˭ʲôݣ

ܹܺ϶ΪһС磬ĳǹ֣֮

׶ͻȻð亹ʲô˰
һһֲ

ССԡ
룬ΰֵ֮ԭ򣬻ٳ꣬ǵһһͿء
Ʋ̬ȷŵǫˣ¹⣬ȡͼֽ졣

ѸӰ˸ɫ˼ǿճˡ

֪ף˽¹еץ޹ڣӦѺ顣Ϊ֮ģپᷢ䣬ûͼֽպݼе֮£ɹֱӸ𡣡

ȥͷϵ亹Ѹ¹




33.   33    ް֣v

, ίˡ
ίֺǺǵسͷչˡ

ǣһۣջĿ, ŸĲ֪߳á
û׵ɴ˾סϰɣ¹Ϊʰһ

˶ߵûӰˡ
ѽӹϴ, û, Ǹ, ǲǿˡ

Ļҧ㡣

磬̧֪õĴš

ȫ̿ѷת, ⹫ʼն򾲣ͷţֻĬĬ
ڸƾճһλ͢ԱΪǽΧ
йһģһͼֽ͸©ݲ򵥣˸򵥣ΣӦһͿʼˡ

ʣճ, ȴλ

ѳ߹, šüͷƨ£ԼôǰҴԶק

ѹһЦ, ֵ, лɴ˽Χ
˵ֱ죬ⲻݲ

Ӱߡʾ

, Ų߲ߣЦλ磬ѧԺλǹɣӰ

ͷ˺ã˵

ͥ֪Լ˸̡
еģ֪ѹߡ

˵ЩصͼֽãûȤ

æססӰȿеģڿƾٷãԶ㹤öࡣ

ӰûӮ̾˿ĵͥҲǵ˱ùˡ
˲ɣֵͥѸ˵ңô˵ģ

æȥѾˡ
˿˵ʱεڽ⡣

Ӱ

ɼָܽ͵ˣӶĶ֪
ѸЦ̵棬ҪΪͻ˺Ӣ¡

ӰġŶôӢµģ

磺ϾͰѴ˰ڹѲٵĹְˡ

Ӱ
Ⱳӵĺʷͥﶶȥˣ

ز⣺ǸӰԶ˰ɣҺŵĵطȰ£õľ¥

񻰣Ϊѽˣһ١

еԲѺ粻ڼݳǶֱӻء

ѧԺ®Σżص˻

°ɣԺſڲȥǰ˵ǸûǮĵĵطǿݵ֪ɡ

֮ǰ类Ĳ£鱾͸ȥڰ˴ߵĿ֪ôܲġ

ģ⻭ͼֽûб֪˵ķ죬ûдһƽ

®ô˵ʵҲûף֪˵Ƿ죬ԭͼֽضŪһͼֽ˵λ֪ү֪Ʋ磬»ͼֽڣҲûô

뵽ǰҪĻľϣѾôˡ

ǻ𣿡

®ͷȥ־ȻҶ

ûС®˵֣ôˣˣ

Ҷҡҡͷһ죬㽫нʿ;Ҳж顣

®ʣ㡭

ҶֵܻҲܰĿ顣

®£ƺЩٰѶ鵱ɱص£װ±ˡ¡
Ȼ֪ǰҲֻ׽ȵģڵĸıȴۿɼġ

ѺصԺʱѾǻƻ衣
һ·ӶǲôôʶģԼݸǻĪ

˼û˵˼絽ߵȥ
ֻǾĳ˼ҵĹӡ
𽵹غ˼ҳ˾ˡ

®ڵȵˣæӭԺ
һյĲͣ˶۵òᣬСԺȡ

ͤķСʯԣѡ硢®Ҷռһߣպùһ齫ơ

绻ѣʱûλˡ

ӷӦ찡յ⡣
Լ緶ʮпϣ˶ôվš

⵽˵鳰

֪ûΪǣֱǻˣ®ʡ

ûΪѰɡ˵ΪǵĻѲľ֣󷴵ĵ֪ƿԡ

⻰˵Ȥ
ʣʲô֪˵
ҶҲһ̾ı飺ֵܳѧʺã֮

ӻ˵Ŀ⣬ҲˣŲ
ֻԱ֮ʩˡͼֽڷֵǶʧֵܿҹΰԼ῵ͻȻʧ٣ұµһֿܣҪǡ

ޣҪЩȫȦڱķΧڣһ˵϶ͼֽõͶλȨصĹԱ

ЦЦ²ţھǸպʶˣ˲˲ûܱ߹ԱźϱӣõıǷֵܵľ񡣡

赭дȴݺݳһ
вطԱźȨģضǳ͢˰ɣ
־ʲôݣ

ȻѲ鵽һϱţᵽ֮£ǡþոȵе

ҶԼ֪

ǣǼ֪ӼʹġѼ˵ԴĻ֮˸ˮ棬һϹ㡣
ţͼֽͼֽ¸õţ֮ǰġ

ͷڻ°֮ǰŰ汾ԭˡ

ͼֽŸǣ˵͵˹ѵץȫһй̣ũеȻǵĹϽΧڡ

ߣѦʵڵȲˣֻһͶʹáѿ˿磬ܾˣʱڸͼֽ֪ץǣҲгɣ˫رϡ

®һֵĲ֣һֶ׻ġ
ҧгݵɱĹԱȻΪԼĹǿˡ֣ô˵ģ

Ѷ˺ðλѷ˸٣һ˼ݣǽȳˣ˳Ź١

ˣ
ƷԱ˳

ѸɿһλѸպǹģôвǣһģһͼֽв

Ҷˣһ߰
Ҳȥ
®ֵް֡

˵û˼֪ոеȨûûǵģȻС磬ѦҪĴʹá

®һӣҡ

룬ʣ֣λأҹȥˣ

£һʯϣѽôѹˣ˻ڿջأ

ˣ
Ѻÿ

ţʧˡ

®˵ȷʵ㣬ȥǱš

ѴҴææȥˣߵſۻء
˵һȥɣ˶ġ

ʣң

ѹ˹ö




34.   34    Ҫͳá

Ӱ, ˿ڿջڽȴ

˵ĵ㻹Ӱ
Īǰˣ

ڷһȦһȦ
УĴ컨׹, ˵ʲôʵȤ, һ˾ֵ, ʹˮ, һӡ

ھͺܺڣ
Ȥײ˵ǧﱼܶٷ
ٲ, ¶

˿㱻ĳ˺ˣҲǣҲǣԶûţ˰װױһٷǮ
Уס

һ̣̲סʱűˡ
һͷôҶأ

һ, ſվŵȴ硣

ӰЩεش֣ʺʮ, ˵ﰡ

˾õˡ

ӰʣĪǣѾþò, Ǹ׼ȥˣ

磺
û, ˶ѡ

ε̵ʵ
ƶûаˡ

Ӱ
ʵˡ

ѽõľ¥õľƲˡ

Ӱ޾Ʋ, ʶҲΪơ
˼ϰڵĳ۾˲ɢȥˡ

Ѽֵ

Ӱ̳£һţ϶ǺþƲ٣ġ

Ѷ£һ̳þưɰοס˲ٹõķˣˡصõ⣬ʺϹϳԡ
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ɻô֪ҿζ

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ϸĺĳѹֳ˵һȱùǺ

ӵ̶ܵ޿ޣһһǰĲƷʷ͵ɫģҪݵ佲һ
Ӱ˸һɶ

Ҳûȫˣѻɫ꣬תͷˣӰӵĶأ𣿡

Ӱô궼ǱѺŪģоƺȲ䣬ĺȾƣӶԼá
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ʣʲôҪ᣿

Ц󣬾еࡣ
Ӱšǲ࣬ӻ˸嵥ء

ֱ˵°Ѷ֪嵥˶ٶ

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ΪǹĽСļգµͼֽ
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ӰԼ˱ƣǺھתһղ룬ˣ˵

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Ӱʵϵ˵ģ𾪵ؾˡ

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ԺؾҪӰ־ˡ

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Ѹ˾뻰⣺Ȼλıְȷʵһ׮ùܵ¡

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ѡ١ƾٵôͲܶũеȤˣʲôۺ˲ţ˵ԺҪ˵ء

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ε£ŲֵǹȴڸƸйء

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һǴӴԺβˣٲַκڸ棻һ׿λţȻڸֺλȨǵ˵ĵ˾ѡ
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ӰڵڶձҴһؾˣĹæ鲻
ǧһأǿӶ꽻ķϡ

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һƬæľ

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ǰģ䴩ʱˣҪץʱ˵仰
˵򡢷λ츣Ѧ壬õĺˡ

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⻰˵ûЩ񣬾֪ȱԵġ

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⻰Ҳ
ȥĸŪС簡
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峤æǮ

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˵峤ʱûˣⶫ鷳һʱɡ

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ͷ

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ѿЦõӦˡ

뿪˵ҲϿ߰ɣ˵ǵģֹһء

峤Ļ˵ʮпܡ

˿첽뿪Ѧ壬ģЩĶӡ

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ʱҲû취ֻ˵ȥľֿɡ

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عһԣСˣ

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λѾţ˼ԸȻλͲôɵѡ
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ĸӣպǼϵִˡ

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æ˵ҿ˺鸣죬ٴĲҲȥˣӴԺһܹ˺ͨ

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иѵġ
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ῲţôһ˵̻ˣҿô찡һҪƾء

ҲˣˣɵΪǸշҶ

ҪľЧĸӺǼ˵Ķ˻ԼӪ
۽ᵳӪ˽ϴһѺ֡

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صͷһľľģͶľַҡ

ѧԺ
СԺǰڤ˼룬벻ʱһģҧʸӣ߲Ҳ⣬úһ֧ľëʣüӡ

ǰһŰֽдκʵڲǲĹд˰һû

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ﲻǸˣԼûޣа
뵽⣬ֱλĲȻðײá

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ѣ׸硢ҶԺһץһѣĸѧܰд
ôƸỨɻɡ

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дټѾдټʲôټ˭
ֽ̺ддټľ

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ӶȻܲµʲô޷ǵֲãС繩ӦЩһǡ
ľֵľˮƽǲûС磬طľҲڶʱ

˵죬ѧϰ

ܵؼ⣺Ҳ˵ѧϰϲϵգѧϰ˭ԸСơ®ģȥԼټЩˣô㶼㰡

˸ӣϴμݸãҿװҿϷ㿴ȱʣ˵д

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Ѹ˱ʣһʵܳ𣿡
˵߰˳ɰա

Цˣڰɣر춼ء

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ƽʱð䲼ʾĵط

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֣С㶼֪ɻˣˣеԼմ򵾹ȡ
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۷׷ף̸ЩͻȻũߡ

ȻôãôΪɶЩ
ֵʲôأӵúܣ찡
ǻʲôټľѧᣬˣȥƨɢɢˡ


ֹ۰
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򴽣Ҫֹۡ

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̧ŸϣҶŸ֪

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࣬ԼĻ˵ľľܡ

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еƺô˳

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Ҽһڰߵľ֣֪˭һŻˣ˾Ȼ𣡷ҵľ϶ѱ




35.   35    ûôҪȡ

Ƽžҹ, ·ƽˮ˿ף˲ը

ľ˯Уһ̾ͱʧ𡱾ѹ, ¶𣬻æ, ȥȻ

ľ, ҼһڵĶľ, һӿļҶӲ
˭ôСģˮ

һӦš

˭Żˣ
֪, ȱˣȻ𣡡

ǼеسŻķܣܽ˲űŻľǷҡ

С®Ӷڷľϵĵط
ţǳ͢ľϰɣҪ˷®ɣ
ڲ˵ЩʱȾȻ𣡡



峿һսڣڴ齱ߣɤӺˣˡ

ſڵС, ŽˣСź𴲡

ǵøϽ, ء˸ʣʦүأ

СãȻ, ƽǴĲ, ʰͣεŶˣҲŴֻźԺ
ô, һʦү


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ЦЦĸӻ¡

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ʦүϽ
Ц

ľ֣®ҺԺ
ԭѷ߷ôߵľģ÷ˮʹ̶ýʵʵ
ѾյʧˮҲ˺ü󶴣ߵͲƽ֧ڵϡ

ڻûӿƬľ϶ѣ®ҵĺԺû£ȻûյַھӼҡ

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ܣ®ľĻϸˣԼľϡ
Ǿǡݻ𣿡

ԥ˵뷨
һʱ䣬ҶĬ

Ѹϵʱľ仰

Ŀֳ״˵ľɻ𣬼Ҽһõú͵ƶŵӵģһϣܲƾͲƣյʵĪ

ҲɨһȦǽս۵ס

Ӻ˵

˼ľ֣ľϵ˼ϵǡ
֪Ƿ®ѣСߣǴӾЩľϵʹ

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ͷǣľȷʵǹġ

ϧ͢ӿɶϵľϣȫûˣϧ
ϧС£ǳ͢ҪǸ𡣡

˵Ҳûôأ͢û·飬㲻ó͢ġ

㲻ó͢ģж𣿡

⻰˵ûȡ裬˵Ŀⶼȥ
ֻһһˣӷ®ǰԺ˹

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紹Ŀ

һС˵־ģ˵°ģûԵ˵زȥˣԼΣֳ˴ҲССľҳġ

֪˼ľϵȴ֪ɻ˭ôͷ
֪ͦ˵ġ

֪񣬲ƽʱ߶ûϵ
ϴ˺ôĹûװƶû֪š

ʦүԵжǼ֪ϴˣɻŵ㡣

Ƶģϴڼݸ©ݡ
ǰڸѧʿݱ¶ˣǻԸٱҲܲµ͢մ״ʵĹϵôҲǸ١
οײɵܾ

֪ݣ˵ǰ˱Ÿôš
Ӱ˵٣׸λȻ

ЦЦǰϴ˵ʲôأΪ֪񻧼ʧ˹ݻ𣬲Ȳݻ𷸣ȹ𹤲ʧˣҪ֪øмᡣ

ȻóǺޱݻҿǻľĲСģò飬÷

Цݣʲô

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ɲҲ컹˵йӦľϣĪ˳䲻˵ܲܺˣԭ϶ûˡ
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һⳡзڶľǵļ룬ǲûκκôҪȡ档죬ϴһЦ

׾ԭأ⾿ôģ




36.   36    

˵ûκκô, Ҫȡ桱⻰ʵԼء

ӣô˵ټĽ
Ǹ˵, һֱ׷ʵϡ

Ǳˣεˡ

ЦҾ֪, , вɵĵ
˵ĺһֱ׷ʵ˲һ

ľֵⱻ, Ըõ𰸣ĥһʵ벻͸
ټ, ճɽԽ˲ûжںô
Ѿͷô˵˵ġ

벻ͨ
ǣȥľʲôԻҩôͻȻʹӦˡ

緭ҳ˵ûͻȻӦһء

⻰ǶѶྫô
Ҫڹٳϣ֪Ȥز, ǰƫҪô򵽵ס

, ͻȻôһ֮, ŷأѲ, ʡ

һôɴǧصġ

ЦЦѾͷͦںˡ
ڸѧʿڳû켣Щ, ģش⣬⾪ȵ֪ˣ㲻ŵľɣôУСңסӻ

˭ӻˣ
߲ʶԱս֡
羭סûУûôȡ󡣡

ƳġŶ׵ˡ

練Ӧϵˣεһۡ

飬ڷ֮УеĶͣᰴĿڣһЭպá

Ϊܡôȡ󡱣벻ף㶮üþյĵû׷ȥֻǷ˼ȴʵڲܣҲ֪··˭

ѿ죬Ѿڡ
ʱ䣬ľλҲж˰ɡ

վߡ

ˣҪϣôԾȥô硣
˳ʵʲôȥ

룬ʵ˵Ȼ𡣡

Ȼ𣿡ɻʲô𣿡

ԴӹľϣʵһֱСţôľ˽졣
ȻŵĹӣǲԶ׵ģǳ㱻˳ȥҹѲȸ

ǰգ˵ȻľϣľʱſˣһһŮһһ٣ķǷҺԺ

һĸӲˡ
ϴһƲһƣľûôֻҪٻ
ľͷ򵥵ķʽûˡ

龭署һ飬ЦҪȥⱾˣһǲǵø

ѵСĽʵ£˱ֲףȴʮʮİȫУֻǡ

ǡ˵ľѾ˰

ѾػѾȣʲôʱ򣿡

ЩЦСյľϣ˶֪
֮㲻óȥ˳㡣

ѣ
¾ôѱˣ

ľ֮ǱʾǳеҪľϣԻؼѰҰֺľֱӰѷֵԼľˡ˵ڷ®ҺԺǿյġ

ǡôż
Խôġ

٩ǸȻ𡭡𣿡

ѲΪȻЦûɾȣ԰˴ˣ߲񡣡

ɫȻػͷʦүʣ˸գ
ʦүյġ

׿һľɫǰľˣѲΪǮۿӽβҲɷƷˡ

иľƺƢã֪֪֮ݣƵ˵㲻ͲҪϹ˵ˣСʲôš

ˡʾ

Ŷԣˡ

ףѶˣʣˣ˼ô˷

粻ˣ͵ټټˣͬľϵľֻҪԸѧϰĶСܴҶ϶Ժ󽫻ԽԽеĿߣԸѧϰͶʡ

ⷬЩƳ³֮⣬֧°ϸ룬绰˼ܽᡣ
˵صľ̻ԸѧϰС֮ȫصľʼ죬ҪСӭжˣ

˼ͷй׵ѧ죬ľҲˣ˾ͻһץסڵ󣬾С켼յ֡

ⷬǻѧˣֱӻΪ
ѧϰ׬Ǯģ׬٣͵ÿλѧϰӦˡ

޲ڣһ仨۲ʺƨʮ˰㴵˭ܼӡ
꣬Ҳ˵£ʣСͼֽƵģǷ®𣬿ǽеմȥͲ֤ڷңǿˡ

ִ˵ⶫ֪ʶȨͷ®ľƷû⴫Ҳûʼ׬Ǯ¢Ͻ׶Ρ
ˣ¢Ͻ׶ʱӳĲȡ֪ףȴУȨƹȥ

籡΢΢𣺡ȻбѧϰѣںӪҵҪϽһָܵˡ

⻰˵ִ̫ˣ

ӸŴ˽ͣͽмˣˡʡ˼һ£־ͬϵ˼ӪΪͬˡ

ƺˣһϵˣһپ٣˵˾Ǯһ׬

ͷ

ˡһľ˵ͼֽϵܸĽգľ˵ֱǲԴǰͲðһ𡣡

Ȥתͷˣ㶼˼Ҳү

ְˣƸ롣

һͷͣû츳ȴҲóƺӡ

ѻش׵ĵڶ⣬ΪʲôľĸԸɣڵһ
˵ݻ֮£ʱ䣬®Ӧð͵ٸ˰ɡ

֪ѾľϣҲûţȻ˴⣬Ͳˡ

˷®׼á

˶ǿֲ´ӣһϼƣݻ֮˸ģѾõľ¶שߣ÷ˮǺãӪľϵļ󣬵Ȼһӣ߲񣬵á

®ðԶ꣬ƷһССῸڻ£ûðæһѹȥš
ݻ֮

ʱ䣬ӦѾڳˡ

֮ˣ֣ûɳȥѾá

ɫֱ䣬ɵؿʦүϣԼҿõĽ顣

ʦүҡҡͷ˼ǣݻ֮ˣԼժɾ

Ҳԣݻȫĸ£ץΰѲĸӻڳ·ָĻʹ
֪ĸܵٿڡ

΢΢ͷ
ҺԺٴȥۣ˲ĻĸѺƵġ
һ˦䣬ˬ볡




37.   37    С

´, ݻ֮ôеİ

磬Ѿſż˳·, ˳ֱ衣
Ųյ˵

ʾ䱻˵ɳ䣬·ô᲻, ˼
ε, ʵǲѷųȥġ

ݻ֮, յûκʧҲùѺ, ʾͷѸ˲յô῰¾ͷųˡ

ĳģ·ûñ粵ֻܸЦ
ȷʵǡ¼Ȩ

ѡߡʲô¼Ȩ޷ǾǼ֪ʩѹﰵﲻùŰ˷˳

ԩ

ͷ˾ѹĵط̫࣬ܶ෽, ֪˵£ʩѹֱ̫ס
ɳ·Ǹѵúù, ֪ٴѹնûݻ֮˸ùضǶ, ˽, ˵֪˶á

ֻǡĵ۴пƾٿԣԿƿѧ˱ʩ
, ڱѧοŵǰѻռûʧ
˵װŵǳ޷

Ϊƾٹ٣ô᲻֪㡣
޷ǽһ磬ԺῴģػƣһˡԹһ

ЩǸ·ˣ˵ôǻ˲١

·ῴģô᲻֪ʲô²ЦҲˣһῶѣŻԺƤӵ׻ܷȥ

Ѿ˳ǰЩ˶ʹӣȥ͵ͼֽŻľ϶ѡ׮׮˶鷳˵ûʵԵ˺ܲסʺӦˣô챻ػԺѷúܡ

·ĻҲе῵ȷûʲôУٸҳ۶ӣ˱ǡ

ѱԹҲŵ·޵Ĳҩζʣˣ

·˵һȾۣëˣ˸ҩ

ѵͷ

ǾټλԺô·εЦԹüˣ˵ûȴϹ

˵ʲôס̫ϰֳĳ嶯ΪʦΪ츣䡭

·ζЦЦ츣˵ˣȷ֮

ͬصͷ죬Ҳʱˣ˵ǾͲ߶ų´ˣһѧ֪ûУǱ˻ûȥܷ

ܷҲҵġ
·Цõ͡

Ѱסļ磺۾߶ЩգˣҼǵǱ۵ҩ̫ҽԺƵģЧӦǲóЩ

˵ͽ뿪ˣõҩˡ
ܳѻĹػ

Ǳųģ»صѧԺ۶Ժ˾֪Ҳû˿ͬ׽ջһѰۡ
֮Ʒвˣһʱ䣬Ժѧһߵڿ೰

Ժ̧ͷ˵Ѿ㲻Ľ֡
ôΣԺٶָָܽܡ
ֻΪ˴ϵ֪װ͵ѩ

῵ӣһ쿴ת

Ժѧ˵Ժһλ˵һ
㹻Ǿϲˣһλû᲻Ҳȥ
š

ҲΣεɸ˲ͬ
ڿƾϣѧԶҶ֮ȷ®Ȳ˶ҪһЩģֻƷã®˾ûС

ϲǽǣԺ˵ϲѧѧʣǱ㰵ϲܴδεõĿ佱ԺĵλǲǾͬǾͻ
®Ҷ

ĲӲҪ˵ʲôְλӦԺܸɡ
粻ﾪϲ˾䣺ҪԺˣͱλͬΧס׷ʡ塱

˵Ĳǽѧֻǹܸɣʡ

ͷǹܸɣȫǹܸɣƺҲԺԵ顣

ֵܣλ壬ʶʲôģΪʲôѧԺܸɰ
ԥ£ʶʶ˵£ʵǲ㱳ۣλǱˡ

ʱͿһȺ˰Χţʶܾӵû͸©˵κ¡
Ҳڣû˼һڽһű飬Ҳ֪ڶ黹֧Ŷ

ѺҶһ˽յһҶմѧݿǴӳǻҩеػεá

Ժиĸߣһ˾ϲ֣־֣

ҪҶԹԵˣҲ˵쿪ʼȻ˵ͷˣЬɴãҲȻλ

һѣࡢھ£Ц洺磬ָ̧λкá
Ȼ󻹵ǰԴڸУãԽˡ

һһӦ˵к͸һССЦ
һܶżӣ߽Ⱥʣʲôأ

˵˵
ֻҪԺְˣְλϵģԱء
˵ֻǹܸһְһҲǺġ

ȷǽԺ
ģϾҪˣ

˿ЩһεѧǣЩͬ顣
ᰡûܹģ

ѧʺܺãԿƾٿԱȽо飬ҪԺģƾٿԡǽͣԺԤƻԭеѧϰϣһģѵ

ģʲô
ѣ˶˵ˣҶû
ҪԵ˼֮ǰĹȻûŵͦͦ米

ģƾٿʲô
ܽ᣺ģƾٿԵݺƶȣҲԺģ⹱ԺĿԡ

Ժʷ·ħЩһͽš
趨ӵˣƽʱһ¡

ģĶ壬ʣʲôأ

ǵĿ־ͽš˵ǣһԺɫˣôС

˲˼ش˴ɫȻЩʳ˹ؼ⣺ȻҪ־ͽţǵöѵɣ

⻰ʵС´ܲˣֵĴ𲻵á
粻Ц

ֻӣʦݿȺѧֺͬЦĸо

ʵҪǵӦٶȽе𣬡Ƚо飬žͺá

ģƾٿƶȵУͬ˶ԴвͬĿ
ΪֻҪԿƾٿкôǺ÷ӣȴõѧϰʱ䣬ƵĿֻͽѹ

ⷨ˭ģֱ/̬Ȼ˾Ϳʼɧˣⲻ𣿡

˭ģ
Ҫ׷Դͷǡ

ѴôǣҪģʼ˷ֱ漸䡣
ûʲô˭ġǣţ˭˭İɡ

ѧˣˣЦ

˵ѧҸպĺò

ر˱촽ҲǲǣúֶŮɡ

˵ǰʱֵģҲмԼСݡ
Ű١

壬˲١ᶫ˵

ȷǰʱĺ˵ɫ㲡ݿ£һģ˵ݣȴ࣬һ˫۾ɡ

ⶼøлѾͷŶӦóƺ˵Ц˵ллϵǡǰۣţǼ⣬뿪ˣܸԺѧǴھҵļֵҲܸԡ

ʣһüѧʺء

˵Ц

ڣҲػ
ͱ˵һС
ģרŶѾͷ

ϲǳЦŵл
˵µĸıǺõı仯ſġ

˵Įɣֱ˭ˣ˭ϣÿ˺á
СˣѦ塢أϣúõġ

˵ҵͣƽڷܹˣϲ˷ʱ䣬һٺã͸˵ģ¡

˵³ԺʱԺͬģǲͬҲ룬Ժ壬ôֱӸԺ˵ɡ

˵Ʒ˼ļ硣
ͷͲˣοҪŷ̸ס

Ц̫ۣ˵ԺòϲԺѧɶúܣͯСǶ⣬˵̵Ȥ

˵²£ΪѾͷίأ¿ɷˡ

ȥ˲̫ԣģ£뾡һԺѧǵʵ̬

̫ԶԺ˵»ΪģΪԱ
ʱ˵ٸԺ͸ܸɣȥˣõǸŮӰɣŮ͸ŮܸɣһһһҪء

·Цõؽͣӡӣѧʶãʱˡ
̫ҪˣֻҪٸŮɶ˵

Ⱥ˵°Ѿ̫˵̫꣬Ե˵ͷ˵ҾģӻǺܲΣȻ巽Ѿⶨ꣬ȥʵʩɡ

ô˵Ҫƻỳ

˿һԲ̫ԣòģƶȣеúܣСȥøڵš
ھôţ֪ͼһкóԵľůˡ

ȫǸҵģܳ

ʵǡ
Եüˣ˼

ѿܿģ絽ߵġǡջأŰ

ۿɼֿ˼֣ܽҿӡ
Ҳ֪һԱԵˣ˸ʲô

˸СѣɵǰҲ˵ӳԵ㡣

ЦС
翴˿Լףƽʱûʲôһ
˵ߴ磬Ǳķ棬Сѣܹԡ
硰Ŷⲻˡ

Ůȱԣֻҵ
ѾȥԺˣģҪУԺѧҲÿ𣿡

𣿡ָָԼŵҲŵģ̬û취
Ȼôӣ벻ʲôܽš

ʲô¶𣿡

̧ͷһ˵ǰûУԺܻаɡ

ΪʲôԺͻˣʣأ

硭Ѷ£ҶرҪΣգҿ϶ţ᷽ҡ
˵ЦҵȽҪҲģҲܰﱣĺܺã˵ǰûУԺ󡭡

һЦû˵Ļȴͣ
ϣԶûΣա

ƶǶصͷǾͺãǺúÿԣ

رǷر֤ҿ϶Ҷ簡Ͳұ֤ˡ
һƽֵֵȥڱ˼ңǰ˵˻ء

粻СѧΪϢɣúÿ

պѧԺ˳ģСĻᡣ

ԺһƬյأڷſ׷ӵʯ
ƽԺ͸ʾѧǾۼжվã̫Ի¾վڿ׷ǰɤӽ

հѧټɣΪģƶȡ

̫ʹվʯǰӳɤӰ㴫յصĸ䣬Ϊͣϵⶼһһģģʱ

ƫԼоԼĽʵǾ֡޿ɱ⣬ϵһ֣˵¾

Сͯ͵Ц
ѵҲЦܡ

Ǳվ롢ؾأ˽͸ˣСţë
չһСֽ翴

ŹʹƣûףСʵ֣ʲôѽ

СأֵܵĻŶ

Ŷ˵˭ȥˣʲô°

ָָԼңҪģ벻ԡ

ţ˼ҷ®òײöˣҪҪԡ

ǰŵҶˣ®ҪӦǲذɣ

ΧѹЦСҲִ̫ˣѺһͭ巽ֲ
Ѻʮ


Ѻʵһֱͷ®ϵϾСҪټľҪ̣ǵڴҵʱڣ˭ȱˡ
ʵеģûʲô£ǵ٩ͬ

ѹЦʣֵôصİ

ֵĹ⣬翴֡
צд˴ֽġĸֻ֣ͬǡ

ͬ鳰һͨԼ硣

˵˵û̫ôʮ㣬Ҫϸ塣
ֺ֮Լ˵˵ģѡѧõλͬѧμӽġԺ桯

Ժ棿
ˣԺÿ궼ԺԺ֮ѧд衣

ԭС桱Сѡꡱ֮࣬ÿٰʽȴǱʢ˭䰡ɴС桱һͺаѶſµĸɾ

һ㶼صԺ䡢൱ԺΪ֣Ժ̻Ϊ֣ȤζԺȴۿۣΪʽʲôǩ롢սйĶܳΪ桱ɡ
ѧҽĳǣôѡְ

Ȼһ˵Ժ桱ҵעˣǴ£غԺ

ͦѧԺĶֻĸԺԷʵ̫û˼ǿһãϾ

ӼÿҲԺʢ£κʵ̫ǿ˦Ժü֣һûԺսƥ䵽ˣҲӮú

ѧԺûȷսѡȴҪģѡΡ
ǰ׵ĹĦȭơԾԾԣԺ£ãڸسϣע⵽ʱԻɣ

˵½ˣѧԺһģƾٿԣʽʼ




38.   38    ֵһֵڶڡ

ѧԺſ, ǰһС˰۵ģŷǰ
Ժϵѧ򶼱, ųһһܡۡǵ̲顣

˵ûͦģ, ˵ĹԺԶ, ҿǼ۴, ;ԼҪԺˡ

ﲻ˽޷ڸпεĿƾģ⿼ԡ

˵²ǾϵĿ֪Գĸÿ, طزãհģ⿼Բõüӽʵƿ

ݹ۶飬Ѿвѧʼĳ˺ڳش꣬ĿƮĴ磬ڲͣغΧ˵̸ƺ˵ܻһ㡣

ٿվڶеҶ۾, дʵƵԼӿ죬Ҫʱٰѱ鱳, ǰȫơ

һУֻһ, رŸ첲
ģԵ, 쵼Ӳ죬˵²õֳ

ŵΰԴӻصԺֻܼβ, ѵˡ
ŶҲ֪ôѺ棬Ҹ̫ԶԶźôĿա

˿̺ڴڴģ⿼ԡ
ϴλԷʧһֱԼãʵеģģպø֤ԼĻᡣŰɣνЩ棬ǷӵúãǰҲǲܣʱԺμӽ棬ЩѵΪԼʹ

˴֣֪ΪʲôŵҪ

վѧݶ¥ѧǵİ̬۵ס
뵽Ǹڵһ죬ؿԵ죬ԺҲ㳡ϣʮ̤ԺڣԼǰѹⳡС

˵һȦȷÿɵؽţһЦ˵˿ƿʹ٣æͲģȻŸжûˡ

˵ˡ

˵°ڰ֣˿˵Щ뵽ÿνԺĳпǧšаʱģͿʼˣڲţֻо˷ܣõ⡣

ζܿóɼ˵

˵Цŵͷ
ˣúô۳ĳɹòҲԼˣԹȲˡ

ԺߣʱѧݲóģԺĿһǶָС䣬ǸԶڷŵ鰸ϯ

ѱһ󷿼ڣȥҶѾóԼıī鰸ԴģĿʼ

ƽƤЦġģȫԵԼ

ߵԼλô£հںߣ졣
ʱڷţԿʼ

ٷ⣬⣬⣬пٿλѲӡ
һ󣬱ǳüʱʱ䣬ֽպīԥ

Ժʱ䵱ģ¸ص٣ҲǱģˡ

˿ѧһķڣԼԾ
ܶ࿼ٺ˶ϰߣȻͿ٣ȴѧٿһ飬ֻûвֵѹˡ

ȴͻȻˣһλͯŽ˵иѧҪˡ
²ͣʣˣΪʲô

ͯ˵ѧƱĿ̽¡

͵̧ͷĿôܣ

ˣγ⣬ʱо˴뱲ӣȴһԺûѧ˵

Ҳ˵ǲѾȥˣҪôȣ
³⣿ʹǴȥҪҪ

ô£ж˿Ŀˣ

ͯش𣺡ֻиѧˣĸѲ٣Ѳ˵һ¡

ûоˣѧ¡

һģ˵ĿĿܲ󣬸ǸѧŪˣգô˵

ͯȥˣһʹѹˡ

ŷ⣬Źֵá

żɽ˵Ŀ˵˵ģ

ѲŲæչ⣺˵š顷ѧ׵ĵطǣ顷̳ȫֻԣǺ֮˼½ȫ⡶顷ȫ鹲ְ˲˾֪ݣ̳ʱڵǾǰǸþȫ֮Թ۵󣬲֪ͳһ

ԭѵ£ī⣬㾡ѧ꣬˴˼ī
ⷬ⣬Ǿ˵ˡ

顷Ĭֻ߾߲ᣬ֪һĴڣǹĵһʧˣֻرѱ档
Ҳо꣬Žġ顷꣬Ҳ˵͸
ôˣ˵ȫ˾Ѳ᲻˵һĳֵĹ۵㶼һ˵ˣ

Ŀһ۴ѣʣʲô֡

ѡ

֣ȫīУƺûһˡ
ʣ㣬֮ǰ飿ص𣿿ɲμˣϰ𣿡

һһ˴𣺡֮ǰûѧԺסǣĹӼ࣬Ѿо١

İڹӼ飬ֲѧôá
ƽЩʵ̫ûӡ

ѧʺõѧȻ׽УλҲ⣬ĳӴĺãҲиúѧպгϢ

⻰úܣСͳô˵
Цŵͷл̻塣

ֹҪô졣

ʵҲ޷˵ѧ²⣬ʱĬѧ֪ĶǺ߾ʵҲȷʵˣֻûɾ֪ˣȻֶµġ
ⲻ䣬Ϊģ⣬󡣡

ģĿ©ѧӰ죬ٻҲڡ
ͷ˵ǰԼīҪһҪ󡣡

ѣ뽲

ȻһᣬǾͰġ顷𡣡˵
Ҹ̽ڵġ顷ˣڱһŵġ

ѿЦӦˣⲻԼԼڿôһ߲д򵥵£ѵһȥԪڵ״ԪѶȣ⣬÷ĥһˡ

оյؼ

ʱͿī⣬綼˷⣬Ѱ˸طо

ЩԺ飬˴˼Щγ̣ͯ飬žʱߣÿջȥĿѧ
ԿƾٿԵϤЩЩĵã룬ôд˹ģǰǰץϹˡ

ֻʫãԼ£ܲμӿƿˮƽͯŶ̲š

顷ʲô˭дģ
޴±ʡ
ǿգίΪʲô߽΢ַ֣Ӹдˡ

ͯʣַ£þòдһ֡
չȥ˵ǶѾָ˰ɡ

磺ǡ

ͯ˵֣дһ֣ѼȫƪǵĴԼѧֻдȫƪдֽ𣿡

磺
Ҳûд֣޵ī

粻˼ȥӡ

ͯ費ȣ䶼ǫѷ֮ɫ
˵ûУղиѧ˵Ŀȥˡ

绹治֪ѧݵĿкüû춯
ʣô£Ŀѧˣ

Ҳ˵ѧˣƺѧĻͬĹ۵㡣

˼ĿˣҪô

ͯæҡͷòã˵˿ֻһѧԼ𡣡

ͷûͺãѧʼãԼĴ㡣
ֻǣͷ⣬޴ֵ⣬֪˭ָ˿

ѣҶ
Ǳѧ

ǸѧʲôͲס棬ʵ
ͯ˵˭ӡ

磺
ӦòµģַͷһӸóġ

ͷһֲĸоǰϸʱѧеһ仰ҪôҪôõ

˵òСһߣѣ

ſʱãԴʳﵱųԡ
ǰȴ˵ʳﵽͲˣϳԣҪģ

ǰ˵ã˼ͷ
áôյķﲻ᲻Ըͣҳɡв˼ҹ
統ʱ;£׸Ƿһˡ

ھѺ־ˣš
ͷȺķˣ⻯ˡ

ڻƻʱԼСԺ˷ˣȴֻһݣ׸͡

׼ʳȥȴнŲ
ûϸžͱˣ̽Դλ

켫ˣ㲻ڿôôˣ

ԾԺӣ˵ī˰ȶˣǰˡ

ôʣģΣҪѡǰײμӽ棬㡭ܱ֤д𣿡
ﶼˣԭҲǸӣСʱĿʱǰһСʱܱ֤һ
ֻǱʶÿƿѣж򵥣˹ĶѾжס

ذڰ֣ʲʣŽءףǸ׼Ҫ˵ȥˣû뵽㶯죬װˡ
õЦЦҶ

磺
ǸⲻǸġ

ŶһӣڵˣԼܳˡ

ѿĵ˶ˣĳԶУҪȥɡ

磺õġ
ͷЩûģȳЩ͸ȥ

˵ˣ˾䣺Ǹá

ģպġ
ģģ⣬ģȫײУ˵֪Իưʽ

ԺԣʾõľӣƽһЩԺ֪ͨ粻ҪٰԺ棻ʱҲͨһЩѧ絽ڻķ®ͬѧ޹͵èիץŸ

ģĸ®Ĺ¼ڱ

һ磬ưǰ;ˣڰԼ֡
ƾٿԵİֻнˣֲŻϰģĲֻͬҪμӿԵĿֶˮƽߵ档
еֿȴΪڻưϿԼֶ˷ܰ졣

ǰ鷳ҿǵڼ
㰡һҳȰȽϿ졣
˵Ŷ࿿ǰƵġ

̸۵Ȼ죬ǰѧһǰ

֮еһ
ֵһǾֱȥ
ȥҲߣֵڶ
ĵӸ־ֱȣֻʱпֵһ˵ͷûˡ

ῸߵȺ
ѵһҶڶ˹ȻʵȲ

ǵ˭
Όͷ￴һڶˣ᲻Լ
īûС

ԺԲҪ𣿿쿴˭
磬ֵܣû뵽ֵдôð

ˣ
ţ￴д֣硣
ֶŵʮˡ
Ǹ磬Ž

ȭĬĬ뿪Ⱥ

ǰףȻһĶûС
ǣһæûһеòһò
ҶȻ˵æſأȥ˷®

һСѾһˣʮܣ⼸ոƳġ®ܾڸ綮³㱨ҵ

ͷܲ

®ݸһĹҵĴɰǵСĽˣϡֵꡯģ⣬Ҿͦˡ

ֵꡱ˵ģЩ˽˶Ƿֵ꣬®зͦ˼ŽС

ӣǲˡ
ЦôͳСˡ

˵ȷ⣬ʽ𡣡
®ͷ

棬ôʱˣС粢ͶʹãСŶӹ
®Ҳ˵սҲɿˡ

®Цɿ

ʣʲô𣿡

սˣһֵĸϸˣٴûбе®Цõ˵еˣС綼찡

Цôá

ҲкõѴ®˵Ҫ˵ͼֽƣԣҪ˵ľе죬ҿԣټһҲˡܾĶ߱ˣȴȻЧôأ

⻰һ˶Ĭˣ˼š

룬ɹҵѧнϣΣ˵Σ˵ӲƷԴͷƺͿշ®˵Ƕ߱ΨһĻھǡѧˡ

ⷬ˵ò׶ڳ˶˼Ҳܲ³˼
Ȼǡѧ⣬ӦôѧŶԡ

Ƿ®Сľǵѧߣʡ
Чʵߡ

еѧԺɡͻȻ˵

еѧԺʣеѧԺʲô

ʵ˼⣬ѧһ;ҲûйģԺͬʦɢɢʦʦµѧˣͳ˰࣬ˣųԺ

Ϊʲôľһ;ôɣѾ˰࣬ѧԺ
ľôѧϵĺӣֻܴľգ®һϲеģǾͲϵͳѧϰ

˼˻ǹӼϴȫѧ֮صʹˣѧʽһڻͨѧҲҵ֮ڣĻ˵ͲµЩ
۾һã

ʣʲô˵˵

ҪͣͻȻܽԺѧ
ԭǶ⣡ǱԵԺȷˡ

˵һԵԺѣʲô

ѧ˵ǲĸԺүӼ࣡




39.   39    ӣ

ǹӼࣿ
˶ûơ

ɽչĸʾ, װд֣Ӽࡣ
ڻưԱš

ǣӼĶѧԺΪʲô
ѰǾȰǺЦҪѧսû, ȴǹӼǰСӣ治֪ͬӼ໹ͬѧԺ

˭֪Ϊʲô, ôдİ, ڽصѧ, Ȼǰ׻һ˾ءѧ˵

Ҳе㶣Ӽʲôˮƽѧô͵ùĸƥ, ǻʤ

з®Ϊɿ죬ЦӼడǲͷһ̶ˣųô֡
ԺѧˣβˣֲԹۿֵ˼ֻʣѡ˭

ѧָģǰ, һ֡

, ®õѣֻ˺ϡ
®ûס, Ц˳, ģѡˣֺ;ֶǱսѡ

Цŵ٩ֵַֻ̫㡣

ѧһ֡

磺
ҲҪսӼ

®򣺡ȷ㡣

¶ѻͦͷ, ԭ
һӼսѧԺΪѧѧӼļƣֱ⣬˭ʹӼӮˣΪսѧԼˣѧԺӮˣΪüƣܶǰȥ
ڶӼҪϳڸѧʿ˼Ժѧ⡭е˵ȥҪûٸݴˡ
˳ģӼǩôû˸һ

Ц˵Ӽ࣬ͶѧԺ
˼ҸûԼҼƵ£ǩֳʾһٰˡ

֪磬ϲǰס
Цŵͷ

ѳζôϲҰ
磺ժÿײӦõ𡣡

®ϵľмȻսĶֵܣǷĳ˵Ҳǰȥ󣬰еѧԺ˵Ⱥú׼

ҹѡҶСԺԺˡ

ǲ˵Ҷ֮ǰҲѧԺ˶ԽĹݺȴǵһΣǸ׽ŵӣ˿Щ

֣֣ǿҽôģЩʲôݣѧǹӼ

ؽšǰ裬дѣӾС

ʵҲܺʢǺģʣǿƵ𣿡

ȫǡʣӱ˲յϸֽģбۡʫ͹ѧʫ˵ʫʵʫ¶д߹ͬԺͬΡڱۺ͹ѧһһʽʤӮ

硰ŶʫУۺ͹ѧʵҲպϣǲ֪Էʵʵ̫ǿǻΪŶʧ
ʣ֪ӼǺ˵ѧܶѾǣѧ˵úܡ

ôš˵вСʫģ˵ǣǵû

簲Щʣλ̨μʱʲôģ

˵ľҶЩɽѾʵûȨˣ˵ְӼ󣬵ѧǻҲһжûС
ٳδӹѾԶ⣬Ӽһ˵֮ǰֱ䣬⻹ôȡ
ںϼֱӲսˣڡ顱עӼ౾β߲ͥ밲ǰ

ҶΪ̫Ͷ룬ѱڽһС

Ե˾Ȼ𲻳

֮Ӿˡ

˳꣬ת˲٣ӹҲɿ죬תۼ䵽˽ǰϦ

ѧԺպ֣ѧæòᣬ̫ԶǰܺزͣЪ
æӭӹӼʦǡ

̫վڴſڣָСڵ԰ϻݣ⼾бĻɽ軨壬ڵľջô£֪ĻΪԺɥ¡

ûۿ뿪ˡ

ԺòñֳӴľˡһæ
ֱͷƫ̫ԲпӵӰӡ

˲࣬Ϊ׵Ǽڸͷϣḯʣӡ

ϸԱߵСͯпǹӼѧ㿴⳯ٿǼЩѧβ
С̫ͯͬӼѧǺãԺҲֹҾֱǻá

̫Ե߼󿴣мӵԲţԼλߣΧЩʮɣ˵ЦΧһ͡

۲ּ̫ѧѵģԱʵ̫ѹСͯ۹ղŻԱѧأôԱˣ

ֽЩ̫ӭȥѧԺԺ̫ԣӭӼةˡ

ϵ߱ЦŴѧԺĴźʯصͷĿڲ̫ϣֵлӭлӭԺ˰

˵ǹӼļة

λ໥ţѧҲţŲԺ

ɭ磬Ǻųƿƾ֮ѧԺûǹӼΰŵҲ徻¡һλ˵
һλԴЩǸѧʵĺõط
˵˾ظ˵ԣûл
㵱ʲôæš

ʲôʲôذء
һ˵ƣȺҲˣ˵ŵĻˡ

εضһЦǼƣߵôߡ

Զſڸǽ͵СֶӣһĻ۵ס
ѡľةԶҲ

͵ʣǸͥû𣿡
ѴȤͥȤе߰
𣺡ҿǲǱ

͵˵ǹ˭ʲôӦص㿴˭𣿡

Աʵ⡣
Ѷۿȥһȷ˾Ǵ˴γսˡ
ֵܣľֺͺɭ

ʵôѵĽܣʡ

൱ѧľְɡѴ

磺
ǲǹӼǿս

ָָЩǡ

һһԺһԺ뽻棬ֻдͲԱϾ·;ңԶԴöȶҪǮ
Ӽ಻һƴ֣˱رԱ˺Ա
˵ǰģϲЩͷԵġ

綮ˣӣġ

̫Ϊذة˴ԺһԺһһľð˰ڿͷУغСˡ

ڶգǸΥ졣
ԵصԺŴĴ㳡ϣϯżʵľΣԺةǾۿǱأʣҲǹϯϯ֣μطֳˣһǹӼӣʮظֵܺͣһѧѧǣ®ҲԼˣðԺɣռȡ

ȴ
ҶɫҴ˵ûҵѺ綼ˡ

΢ü˶ڣҪˣ˶ȥˡ

ҵҵˡʱһˣ

ʣҵĸˣ

ֵܣܳ˲ɾĶéһϣ·߲ȣ






40.   40    бѸѧ

Щżúõ, ôͿʼˣ

ѧãȻҡҡͷ

һأ
ʵѡ

һûҵ

磺

翴̫Ժ໥̸߹ֵҲѾ鰸ǰ, ͵ڣʼԡ
ٿԺ, Ҳ, Ӳ, ʣҶ㿿ס
ԭʤʾͲѵҪһ

̫Ժվǰ·߰ѧ, ӳⷽٵĳδ

ϰĳ
ǰǰ

̲סп㿴ǹӼѧǣͬᶶӰ
ƣѧԺţҲ̫ԿȥΪ׵ľ϶ͷ®¿ǣҲ

һֵָܣǳսǱʫ, ھ
̫Ҳȥָָ˰췢, أ

ǰϣܴȺҵѡҶӰ, ֻԶ첽Ҷ硣

ֶϳ, ߻Ҳˣɺͳ
ֲõ̫ѹŭʣ, Ĳѧţ

֪ء
绹пԭɱѾȥˣؼʱӡ
һָԱߵҶⲻ𣿡

̫ԣ
ʵ

Ŀλãȴǿȫѧߵġ

ӼţΪ׵Ǹ䲻꣬ݵġ
ιѧԺ˰ɣҲϣϾ䣬δ̫Щ

ѧԺΪ׵ķ®ҲǺǵġ
˭˵ˣⲻûʼֿĺܣִﵱȻѹ

ô˵ʵѧԺÿ˶ѺӰﰲ

治ǴǣӼϳĲûУ뵱ǼƵѧʱ˵ͷҲ㲻¶ء

˭Ǽơ®мī㣬ǿ

类˫ųͷۣҶ˵ȥù֤Լú÷ӾС
Ҷͷ

ȻȱɳӿҪˡ
ֿһ⡣

ֵУСǸкľ
˿λֳı鲻ͬٶŤһˣλ

϶ֵпȴ㡣
ܵܶද֢ƵŤѵƨ

ľίίƨ治é

ֺɭ
ⶼҪʼˡ

ľʵ̲סˣ±˵ӣҲùӶ
ǿ涪ˡ

֣ةȥé

ϾͿʼˣʲôéῪЦ⺢ӡ
ڵȥ

˭֪ľֱӴλվ˾䣺Уˣ
һûӰˡ

ڵβګګʣ֪é𣿡
̫˵ܵķǲ

®ųϿĵڶһˣֻҪһٻһǾӮˣ

磺
ӼѧԺ潻棬ʱΪͷˡ

߶ܼǵһγ֣Ͽʼȴ˶ղ룬ֺЦ
®ʩ磬»һҲа

Ȼɳӻˡ
ڣ⣬ǹӼѧԺһ桪ʫʽʼ

Ҷͺʣ˷ֱõ⡣
Ҷͷһãʫʣ¡
һ涨ʱʫʵĳΪѺһʱ䣬Ըڹ涨ʱڻ

ͯȼǩ㣬ī⿪ʼ

ͬʱʣҲټĹ㳡ɲǼ䰲ˡ

ȼһ磬ͻȻ˵
Ѿʼˣˡ
ֵܱţȼǸտʼãһü

ͬ˻ͷȥͿͺľ໥
ӣУһһգǶ澹ǺЦ

ôһ
֪ǲӦǶ𣿡

ͺľߵǰ
Ժةˡ

ģֲֻ̫Ժ˵β㶵شߴԼѧʫѾʼˣϽī

ֲϳСĵ¡
ٶȣ׷ȵ

ȼ磬ʣ硣
ˣһ˳ٳٲ֡

ѧôãȴڣԺʧ޴
˵ȵöʱͻȻ˶

ǺɧңɣֻѹСۡ
ȥ˭
ŶԺ𣿡
κ֣

ɧĲˣѸٲǰţע
ְɣ
ǣճЩ߰ʲô

ѧԺôое˵оҲȷ
ôһ˵Ҳ񣬼Ʋ߷ÿȥ𣿲ⰡҼӢϾûкӣ

˵ѹס֪ûͷ֪˭ˡ
δ۵ĳʽ˻ȡӣλ

ƫͷȥһ׼ǱɧĳϹۡ

ԶⲽǸƽյྶͥ˼Ĺ̻ۣͷīɫڽñűëȣĿǣϻճ˰СӣһȣСڷһһ̵ġ
͡ס

ջĿ⣬۳ϣȷǽֳcosplay
ͬʱҲcosλⲻһ

ѱĿ߹ߵʱȥһգۣؾص⵽ǰ֣Ժةˡ

λ߽ܾصľȳ̶ȸ
˺ôһ̫Բǿڣ𡭡ޣѰ˾ͺãʱˣȥī⡣

ȥ

㶵ʲô
ѡ̫ʣةк𣿡

Ŷ૵ûУΪҼҼƣӦòڲ׵ô̶ֳȡ

΢Цϳλ£ѳϼˣˣȼһˡ
סļ˲Żع񣬼ī⡣

ȫλǹӼ໹ѧԺ˿ⳡǣʷǰؼѡ

®յǰڸʲôʲôô𣿡
ȡ裬ҡĿɫޱۡ
®
ش𣺡ҲӦ֮ǰӼ࣬ѧԺͬɡ

ⳡעƽ߸ոչλͺľоʾˡ
ԺةҪһ³ֲסˡ

̫ԡ
ֳ״Ǳ˸ʲô

һʼ볡мд֮ӣչ涨ǲٻġ¶ɫ֪ɡ

û˵꣬ľһԲסةҵȥһˣҲؼ񶼼
˵꣬һӣéȥ

һҲˡ
˵ȥɣ⽻ҡ

ҲɫʹԺҲԲסһ¡

̫Ժͬʱ̾˿
ֳĵ״

ĵˣͷˣǶԶ

̫ԵûôϧӮӼѧĿܱСһѧԺһ˵в

ȻҲ
Ӽɲ䣬䣬ƽֶУһԶѧԺӮһƽ֣Ӽķţôͥｻ

⣬Բ̫˵ϸ簡㿴⣬ȱ˲а
ϸˣ̫ةкδ㡣

̵棺Ҹ˲ȥ

Ǻ˵ѧԺѧ⣬ѧʺõһץһѣ㲻磬Ҳǿī꣬Ӽд˹ĵ
Ⱥϵӣ¶һ˿Ц⡣

ҲǸϺ꣬ôܸԼڿӡ
˵Уûоϵѧˣϸ㿴ô졣

̫ԣ
֪ô죬ģûƾʲô˦

ѧǰָʹǰȴ̵ةкθ߼

̵湻ˣ⣺Ӧԣ̲ʦ֮裬ȻѧˣΪҪȥ

̫ΪԼˣʲôѧ
˼Ҫϳˣ

ˣǹӼļةλ¸صѧʵ˲á

ǰѧЦеҲ˵Ҳʶ˵Ϊϵ¹ģʽдĲѧʹ˶ʡ

̫ԣ
д겻

ӼǼةĻѾʼ˷ˣʲôˮƽĻӮ
֧ةѧԺûиҳսɣ
˵ųƿƾ֮磬ѧԺȻӦս
㣬ҲǷҪӮɣ̨ܸͬдǶõĽᣬѧԺɲҪװ״ʧŶ

®˷˵ľ͸ģǲǶˡ

̫񱻼˻ѣΪѡ
һ⣬Ħȭ׼չȭš

Ҳ˼ѧβȥԼԼ
˹Ķдôȣ

ʱտʼīⲻõ˵ˡ
ѧة鲻Ժ˼Ϊ˽д裬ѧʲôֱأǲΪӮΪӣ֮׵дᡣ

磺
бѸѧ

®С˵ղ˵ڹӼ飬һţڿ˳ɾǹӼģ첲ⶼء

ѾıӮҲò׼һǳͷ۵⡣
ϳǱ¶д˹ĵ顣
ЩʱѾŬѧϰˣҲЩɣҲ˵ѺҶȲ

ѵĻ̲סޣԺѧǸǼȻĳ˾ѧϳˣ֪ղλСֵܵλ

𣺡ةҡ

£ŶλѧʼòűѧԺƸΪɡ

磺
ǡ

̫Զԣ۾һգʵˡ
ԺûܸսĻǸŮһҡ˵á

̧̧̫֣ңȻīɡ໪īС

磺
ԻҪ

ϣѻЦŻӻָָ֣λӣ˼ǣ
СĺЦˣ۵롣

Ųص̤λ£ͯ»ֽţɸɾһ֡

¸߰ʣʣī
翴ǩ㣬ֻʣ֮һˣ⻹ü




41.   41    Сױҹ

Ŀùѧĩʲô𲻳, ѾԤҿƵı
˿ȫָܡ

ΧѧѧԣԵ롣

ȻΪ, ѧԺѧǿɲôã뺰ʤ޵С
®ųʵڳְ

û˼, ԱСë, ʼֽû, һֻеظëϣס

ãȻʣʱ, ٶƺȫȼǰ

˵磬ȼøˡ
Ҳӿٶȣ΢΢šüͷֱԵѶȣͶٶȵҪȷʵȿƾٿԻҪߡ

ǼȴϸϸܵС飬αʼⴥֽ棬̧
ҪǳԼǸѧ, ʫʶף䵱λѧǵ

ôˣôʣ
֪, ǲǻ⣬ﹹ˼⡣

С, Ǹ˵, ⣬һᣬڡվ

̫ʣ, к£

뿪ڣ˵ԺЩš

̫ߵʲôɽŵģ涼ҪţôΪʦ

ҡҡȵô˵Ҫ˭ˡѧȣȻţǸִʦȣǲýˡ

̫ſԡ
ī⻰⣬ī˵ᣬ½ЩҲ޿ɺǣϣ㿴϶ˡǸͬѧӽʹʹ

æǡ

绰û˵һ䣬һһ˸ɾﻹ˱ȡ
ֲȡ

λϣ£ѺȥЩ
ȵСˬŹǳǳīζ

˿ۣˡ

ǱȵÿëϣдϸӬͷС֣岻Ǻܶ񺢶⣬ȴдһ棬Ұɫӽϸ澹дƪ¡

͵תͷѹ˵Ǽд
ѲŲæдʲôֲ֪⡣

Ҳԣ綼ˣԺģ֮ǰûѧǰ֪Ŀ
˵ƪѿдģ

֪µֻڸˣдƪ¡
֣
ͬʱ

ֲòƽʱд֡

ЦЦһ̧°ͣС˵дʱ쵽ˡ

ȼˡ
в߶ƴдһմīʼд

С㣬˶ڷܱʼ飬ŲҴǵ˼·ֹͣҡźɽȭͷʹ

ֻҶֺͺɭǴһʼˣѴʣһʱʼģǴ֮һʱſʼ
磬ֵ״̬һ

߬ȭͷ۾ԼԺĲߣ޲ȥд
̫Ҳųϣ촽һһģС߶š͡͡

һվȥġ硱һ죬ʫ

ȸ˱ʣǿȥ
һ֣˿±ʡ
ҶֵȺͣʣģдô붼ˡ

˫ŶһֱԼҲѧ˵á

ͯȥ˵Ծ
̫Ĩ˰Ѻ˵һѾˣλѧϢѧԺ׼˷ʢţȡ£

һ仰ܽᣬóԷˡ
ŴӵԼѧȥϢڿѾæȥˡ

ߵǰī˰ա
绹ЩδȻ£ǵһθɡ

Ц£ء
˵Ǳȣһתֳˡ

®ҲΧ
տҪˣ˾֣ûһʡĵġ
ǰǰֵ屧ӳٳٲþòҵС༸䡣

һҡӣһСӣĸʲôⲻо𣿡

˵֣ʲôͰ®ۣ˾ӣôپΪࣿ

ڰ֣ȳԷȳԷ߳Ա˵

ѡҶ®˴˷ˣȥ
ϣεԲסλʵڶԲסҸϺˡ

˶֪ԭ򣬽˰οһſġ

֣֣ǾʲôôڱԵճ״
̾˿˵Ҫӽճ˵𡭡

ʱصʱǰ峿ֱصիᡣ
Ҷʵ˿żÿ̰ڵر顣

ի·ϣ˳Ժʳô˸ڵİӣ߱߳ԡ
ϰ߱ҶǱĬӰˣ˷һʱ䣬߳ԻĬ

ѳֵʱһеİһҭ͵ؿ
Ѹıôôţõ𣿡

˳Ŀڱ֣߰û£ʲô

ѹһЦûзϾɵëʣŵġ

룬˵УţҸá
ϡ

һֻëʣѽӹ£Уãл

÷ϾëʲôκκﻹʵܣҲûʡ

ëȥ׼իҿˮȣӭײῡ
ƢƷ®㱩꣬ҲֻǴ뾡߹ȥ

ЩҲ͵ˣƽʱߡ
Ҳǻæͷװûˡ

˶ӭˣٵͷ˵ƺЩ
ɪ̧ͷС֡

Ƣͣ˵˾䣺ֲΪ㣬ôʲô

ȴͷøˣίɫҪ

̾˿ԺúˣǶʥ飬ȣֻһӡ

῵ͷϸó棺ֽѵǡ

粻˵Ҫ̧߹ȥ˵Ⱦ˷纮Ŀˡ

԰ӣҭ¡粻˼

ῡŶǷ纮ͺãݵķ۹ˮѹһѹ

籾῵ˮʱ䣬ǰҪϰի᲻֪ûˮûлۻʳȥҡ
ҷ۹ˮصزǰڼʱﻹܸԺûһء

ԥһ˲ջѡӹ῵ƿӡ
л

˵л͸ֽʡԿ쿪ʼˣȥǰռλãԱ㡣

ͷŷˮѧݣŽʡ˲ʱ䡣
ߵѧſڣһ䲻Сӣʮ£ͷѧơ

λСӣ𣿡߹ȥʡ

С˵˰ҾǿѧԺѧݣǹӼѧʲôͬ

ϳˣλˣǰμԺĺֵ֮һСĺľ
ָ˵

ɿʲôͬˣ
ľ˵ûӼѧƯΧͦõģӼʱûôˡ

羪ȵΪӼѧڷܡ

ľذڰ֣ڷʲôǼƲᳫѧЧѧϰӼѧϰɵġ

ĽǼá

ľʵûͥＸΣΪǼְܵĲӰԻæ˭֪ǲǸȥˡ
Ӽѧϰȷͥдģûм١

ľЩСԣʵƿģָʣȵʲôʳ𣿡

ʧЦʳûУͬԼۺ͹ġ
ľĿתءŶ

Ҳصزˣ綫ʵҪ𣿡

ԭΪľΪǸСӣ볢˺ʣĶ
ûǸСڵģЦð

ǣһ׮¹ʡ

˵꣬ƿڴῡ
⻹ò𣬾ķˮ⡣
˵ȻӴȣ

סˣû֤ݣϵġ

ŭץѱ绹бԣҪģ־֣Ǻú÷ӣֵܣ硭

¶ɫһһéģô԰

˵ûϵء

챻ѿˡ
һֱһ⣺˵㳿ëʣҪʲô

˺棺ǰ֣ëʲô

ָָ°ͣ

ˣ
ٺǱʺġ

ӳٵԭˡ
˸磬ͭǰԼ

ó㾪°ͣΪתˡ
֪ӼˣԵɡ
ҧƻſһףޣԾơ
űζСױҹҪޡ

һ˳ȥ

ɫͿ˰ɫӰ˲٣üëЩƽϣ˼̻ɫۣȱһСӡ
˰ûҵʵĲϣͻȻ뵽ëʵĺӲеļСá

˽裬硣
˳赽ëʣػȥûճϳ⡣
ôճÿճΣŪϳʱ䡣

ѵɣĿڵ

®۵ְΪѹԭֻǲճӰ

Ҳе㶪ˣ˰Ѻӵ

Է̸Ϣת˲ֵ˱Եʱ䡣
Ϊۺ͹ѧһһʽѧԼҲоԵţʮصΧ

磬Ц᣺ģҡ




42.   42    ǹϳ˸𡭡

, λ߳ǩ

ôôǼ˭˭Ƕ֣
ˣһѧ, ֶԺɭֶԺ֣ԡ, ۸ֵһ, ˡ

૵, е㱳
ʲôӲͷ, ˭ϣ
֪ĵӦˮƽĶս
˵ʲôˡ

ô鵽˭
ѳԼǩӣУתͷȥλսѡ

ؿǩϵ֣Ҳʫĳɼ֪ôأڻҪֱܡ
͵㻹б𣿡

ѱʵһ, Ӧ֪˼ǣбĹ
ǱСԺˣдƪ, ôĴҲõҡһ˿ˡ

ӵСЦ
˿һ, , ˰ľȣװһֲײĳʱС

ĵ̾˿ҵɡ

ѱģһ֣˵, ôͲţţ

ʫ΢Ŀռ䡣Դһһֳôҡ

˵ҶһǩӸѿ
֣ҵĶֽк֣ʵ𣿡

ȥԺ滹ӮͷҶ꾹Ȼֵʵˡ
һο۹⿴

ҶڵؽͣⲻǽǹӼʵֵӣС

Цŵͷ˵֣ӼǰéѧʵʵʵȲϺɭҲ˹龫֣䲻⽣ƫ棬ֿҪЩ

ʵϴɭȴϮ
ҶҲ֪ңǸöһֺ£رսȥˡ

ս˵ƾôĻۣսҲ״ҡ
ѴĶͷ˵ɥϳ

ѧ˼壬ѧǶ֪ʶ۵Ĺȡ
ֱԳĿ漰Χر㣬һ⻹˵ѧһܱˡ

ıԣÿ˵ĿͬԵͬʱУȴΪʤһٵ⣬ԶΪѧһĻʤߣʤ˵ԺΪѧһĻʤԺ

糡ıζʡˣڳϣͬԺѧţУԱǳ١

˾λ˫ͲҪˣźԼ˼
硱һ죬չĿԿʼ

ܹʱڣΪʦ˽ʲô֣
ʦҲܹʱںɵʫˡ
ȷһ


ٵͬʱʱԵýӻң߾ֱԼ鳪ٵٶ
˼ܹĵĴⷽʽϵˣźͲ̫Զ߬ȭͷ˰亹

˵֮޸ҿƲζߣʸ֮ƷȨ[1]þ仰ĳ

ҵ峪ٵ⣬ˡ
ٶ˸ɶʲôأ
仰ûô֪

ҵص˵𰸣ӦѲѧǿǵ

ԡ֪¼ھžⲵ

˵˴𰸣ȴ
峺ʣȴѹ˵ġ

ƫͷȥ𰸲ṩĻ˭
ԭӰԼ⣬⡣
Цһ£ǹϳ˸

֪¼ھžⲵ
֪¼šⲵ
ͬʱ

һ㶣شȷ˾÷֣һ⡣

ЦǺǵ˵

ĳɲˣ

Ӵԣѩš˵λ

żࡣѵͬʱ¡
û˿ԥֱӴ𣺡żࡣ

ȷ÷֣

ⷽûӦǱ߳Ѿ÷֡
ڣ˸ɾþûôˣĿһıء

һһ˭Ҳ˭̫࣬һ˲ֱһƽ
ǰȷ֣ʮȶʮң

˫ſˣƴة

߸ÿѹƵöָòֻ֣öԷ治ȥʱŷˮһ֡
ķֶ࣬ӺչʮظԼ͡

ϣ֡Ŀסٵˡ

ӼȺϵļ֮ˣСм̲סӪѧ߿кĶ֡

®عʶԾһչ˵ıߵģʲô
ίί˵̫ˣ·תˡ

®
ⶼУ

Ӽų˿ȥˣѵٺһǱߺˣ
ȷ®𻰣мˣ̽ԴʣĿǾͲ


®ĹЦֱҸˣ־ģһɻӭ

߰ѼСӻܹȥɫɫ
ţ׻ҡ

ڽС
ٴ׳⣺ǰ֮սУȷ潫õͱƵо

ĿѾսͣ˼
Ҳǣݹ𰸵ʱû֮ǰˡ

֮սƺơ
ԥŴ𣺡߷/󣿡

ȷ÷֣

磺
ûܿԼ÷֡

תͷЦ˵԰

һЦ⻹дο®ĳ֮ս

ѽ֣ÿⶼˣʱ֪Ŀ羹Ȼܴ⣬żϾ䶼óЩӣСѾͷѧ˲ٶġ

𽥰ѴȨŸ磬ûİ羹Ҳû̫ࡣ

ãŶĿȻ˼𰸣ȫĸоǸС

ߵıƽȣҶȴ˵С⡣

Ҷͺ֣ʵĲ£ֻóһ
տʼǺó⣬һ˲ٷֵ֣Ҷó⣬ѷ׷٣зơ

ʮ߱ʮߣƽ
ٶһҶķͷˡ

ٳĿҶгҪ˵𰸣ȴһָզֻҪͷˣ

Ҷһȥ˰βж֪Լϵˡ
򲻻Ųæ˵𰸣һ⡣

Ҷ
ҲУ

ͷûй涨ܸŶ֣ҲԸҰ

ǳ׼Ҷعصӣ۸ˣ

Ҷû취һƬ
ֵ˵û⺫ֵȷ龫ֵúܣߣʲô龫֣

һ񣡡һг棡ɰҶڻˣĴ⣬עСӽϸɾˣ

ۿȷֲԽԽҶɴһ˦ۣҲˣƤ
ȻģƤôˣҲһֱ£ϾҪӮˡ

Ҷϱ˵壬ˡ
ˣˣ˵Ҳ˵ſԵԭأûޡ

ѵվλҶм䣬Ҷ״۵ס
ӹ߹ұߣӵŰҶ˵˵أѾԺˡ

Ҷ㶣̫ΪʲôҪ𺫽

ǰСʵ̫ˣҶ˵ѵʵˣ޿̵ƽ䡣
֪ϽѾأձ㡢ѧԺ

ԭڵҶ⻰ɫһ͵ض
أҵʲôļٵģ

ȻЧҶû˼⣬Ŀİ˵ģϽҲˡ

ɫױˣɥҰҲˣҿ϶ٲһټëˡ

Ҷִ˼⣬ǡ
૵һСµļëӣôһ

һ죬ǿǿŹ

Ҷÿɷ

вЧֱ˹ҡ
ѾĲˣȺ￴Ϸ򸾵Ӱ

Ҷʵƣ̾˿Ĳ̵ƭģû
͵ؿû㾹Ȼƭң

Ҷ˵ƭҲһֱ£ղ˵ġ
֣

ˣˡҶ˵ҵǸˣúô⡣

Сֹ˭Ǹˣʹƾ汾Ҳ䡣

ʱְͰ⡣
֮ڵʤˣ

Ҷ飬ǲ£ȷҧü

ѿ۱ȷ֡
飺ʮ壬ʮȡ
ֺҶ飺ʮģʮģƽ֡

ϳµѾٵĿˣ۾Ӳֽϵ֡
÷ֲֵͣ仯ţʮʮģʮ塭

˽ŵˮѶͣеȣһţǱһߡ

ڣ죬ͬʱ
ѧԣ

˿ȷ֣




43.   43    綼PTSDˡ

Ӳֽ, ֱдҶıȷ֡
һģһʮ˶ʮ

ͺ΢Ƶʤ

˫һű

ӼӮˣ
˹ѧеͷ

ӱʹ, ߶Է®˵ưɣʵǰ, һ

®мһ˵Цʲô, ͺֲһ, 㿴ȷĶٿֵĵ÷֣ѹġĸԺԵĿ, ѧԺӮҡ

Ҳǿʶֱ˵ƿԡ
㡭Ʊ磡

®űۣ״̬ɣ˿ûΪҵĲʮΪ;ֵԺ
ǶʱѧϳǾͲܸĸļƷֹ򣿡

һ˦ۣʼةͲԺܸܲİգ

ȻƷֹǸĲ˵ģ̫ҲΪ
®ֻǹ񫡣

ѿף, 󼸵ȫĿƾ֪ʶڹӼ, ְˮ
һ, ֱӮ˱

ڲóıԡĿȫƫֵ, õɼѾǳϵĽˡ

Ŷ²̫Զû˵̫, ˶϶Ӧġ

ҶǱߣҲˡ
ԭҶȷ˲٣ۿҪⳡԣһתð⡣

ҶֵܣѧԺ˶˵Ϊʵ壬ҿȴȻڴļ϶˵

ҶٴĿ𰸣˳ʣô˵

Ϊղƭˡ˵Ҫһ¡һĿɲоӡ

Ҷ˼˸ղŵΪú˵ȷڿ

־ǿ׼Ҷʵ˵ӣðѸղųûԵ⻹

ѿֱúֵͷ

ѧԣѧԺˡ
ȴûӰ쵽ŵʿ˫ƴΪԼ˭˭

ߵߣѹˡ
۾ģ˵ѹɱʫˡ

εЦţҸŲǰɡ
˼£˵ǵġ

гϢļ϶̫Ժһֽ
ۼѧһʫ⣬Ѿ𣿡

һԺʫ⣬˫ѧʺõͬģҪţƤֽѧǷⶤƽ
ǰвѧԺڲѧǸԺŵǶǵּ˼붼Ϊ㸲֣ҲһϳԼѧƫġ

ǾͳһµʽɵԺġ

ӼѧԺգ˲ԺĦ̶ʫλպҲԺʫһλѧͽѾų˽

Ҫɣ
ҽš
ʲô˼λûء

Ҳˣʫ²ԼģѸģûףɵý
͸ȴԾһĸܣܲ

̫Դһ˺ֵţƤֽģҪˡ

ԥҲɲִ̫С

ׯϵ˫űƺƴΧ֧ʫΡ
ѧԺѾڹѧһʫҲˣǵ۸ñˡ

ӼࡢѧԺʫ棬ֹ̫Ըһ

۰Ͱ͵ţƫɤϵ䳤ǰθڵˡ

߬ڣ촽

һ

ȻһǹӼ˹ɫ
óϷصͷᣬһӵվôһ㣬нռ䡣

ڶֿ̫ʼǻ

ûΰΣŬдֵ֮¡
һƪһƪܱ֤
ѾŬ˰ɡ

ڶǣ磡

֮£ˮƽȻߡ
ԭΪֵѾˣû뵽¸

Цϲǵڶ

һʼûϣէһԼֻΪˣ˵ϲŻع
Ĺ͡

ģЦ

翴ͻȻ˵ôô

佱˵ʵ⣬ѵȻװƵһ㶣ЦǺǵʣ˧𣿡
Ƥû˱ȵӡ

С
ջĿ⣬ִ˴䡣

ѣ

˫𣬲˸ڶԼ˸
⻹̾˿
ʫǻҪ˼ˣôֻдԼЩ֮ˡ

Ժһֻ̾ģ

ɭ
Ҷ
֡

ȫôˡ

ķʤˣ
ǵһȴһӦƽ֡
ƽְѧеΣˣһۿǾǷһ

糡ʱ䰲ŵĺ̫ܽԹɼû̫Ʒζʱ䣬۱ԵĿʼ

ǳǩ
õǩӣԱˡ

ѽӹҲ֪ôοˣЦ治һı
ǩϵ綼PTSDˡ

ƺҵ˱ԵȤԼǿĶִ֣Žźѹȵĸо̶ȵصʤġ

εĶǺ֣Ҷ˶֡
Ҷ˵ʵǿһЩĺɭԣҲùǳ۶ӵĺֱԡ

Ȼν̬ȡ
˵μαԣ޷ǴСǵֲ֣βź
ӮĸԺӮûʲôӰ졣

ѹظֱš
䡢ˮƽѵĶ֡
˵ûκλ֮

ԴѵıۣʣԽԽɻ
һôô
üѧʶȸ

ҲˣŽеƣ

һ㶣ס˵˵Ϊ֮أ˭ء

ּȷˣ軵һЦѹ˵Ҿ˵ðôԭǹӼˡϲӲƾȥôѧԺ

ԴѵϼƣӼѧ౻Ĳ̫ûûСظЦϡ
ӼϼƸϻ磬¹Σѧ˵˸ļʱ²¼ƶͣΪƶǺһѣ

ѵʱ˻ûȥӼ࣬ͱʮꡣ

ѧǼıˣԼ۾ĵһֽгڣӲǱֳһ䡰Ϻÿˡ
ڻϷϡò֪ˣΪӼļǸѧ

šѵ棬ݡ

ѹ˵˵Ӯ

ѣ
вƣȼˡ

ɵرš
Щ飬ѧǻμӹʡٰĸУ
Ϊó߽ǰֹۣԼ۵ֱȽ˱ʦŵı磬Ҫ硣

յı۸ʱ̫ͬȴһġ
ȫܷӳԼƣӦʱ۵Ľࡣ

ţͼѳ˹
Դʼ϶ʣô͸㶨ˣ

ǱʶΪѾͲ䣬ε˵˵ʱûš

ˣˡӵסƵش

磺
ʧˣ

û䣬ҶҲ˹

ʣô֡
ҶҲ

޵
Ҷֵɭһִ̫ң̬ȫˣⳡûû缸ˡ

Ц⺫ɭȷеҡ
ʵȴһһˣǶ֣ܺ࣬Ӯˡ

۱ԵĿǰһʤһܡ
˴ʤһʤѧ͹Ӽƽ֣ǰܣһܣӼʤһƽժʤ

ƽ䣬ȫѹˡ




44.   44    Ժױƶң

һľ¥, ҳæȻ죬С¶˲Ͳˣ˾Ϳһ䣺ѧԺϢ, ȻûӼ࣡

硢ѵΧżУż䲻С, ʢʮҲ΢Եӵ

, 

类, ¶Ѿǿаλϡ
Ⱥѧ̫ˡ

®һһƵλϣǴ󹦳, ԺúȺð

ѶԷ®ΰŵʮ⣬к˵˵
Ծˬճ˵㣬ͷ򵥣ظʡǮ

ѧƾˣһȦԲһء

ǲ֪, 絽ͷúë, ̫ˣ
ҲǣͷƤ, ֻ֪ڲŲ, û뵽õ̶ֳȡ

һһػعıԡ
ʱѺҶʤѶȫĿⶼϡ

ǻǡýѾݵϲ, Ҳõȫ¼Ŵиǿڸᣬ˷׷׵ͷͬ
߼˼ά̫ǿˣܰÿ۵ֵ߽⣬߼Ǹ壬ȥ
ſԣֻҡͷ䡣

˫Ŷˣһѹû뵽䣬һû̫ϣӮ
Ӯôף޻֮

̫ԶˣűһУԺȻӮˣ
ѧԺôһӼƽֵԺ

̾Ϣ˵ѧԺ˲𰡣ѧʵǿϸ磬и
òֱ̫죬ƵЦ˻

һˣ̫·ĽŲǵߵߵģ˼һʱñ֣ҲѹֿģһӣĵҪ˳Զٺõġ

ѧǶˡ
̫ʲôʱô󷽹ʲôʱ˳Է

Ǹ˵òᣬҲǣԺûܸӼ࣬Ϣ϶ᴫǣȫ
ʱѧԺǳˣ̫ΪԺɲ
ôһٷˣ

硢ѺҶˣѧҪȥ̫ã󷽵һ֣ȥ
®ʡءʱ򣬲̫Ҳֻǡߡû˵ȥ

³˼Ҳľ¥ż䣬ЩĲˡ

ͷ˵أʡ
˵˵ѧԷû˼ƶȲˣҳȥˡ

ʲôɰȥNɪˡ®һãû߶߶ǡ

λ̫ˣԲƾһ
治ǷУԾ壬ٴԲһ

½ˣкҳԲˣͬѣҲͬˣûӣżһڡ

ֵ𣿡®ʡ
˵ˣ廹ҽѾ˵ûд󰭡˵Ǻú棬ع

Ҷһ˷ŽһȥЩԵġ
®Ц֣㲻ֵܴ̲ҶӰɣ
Ҷһ˼£кβ𣿡

˺Ц
ЦŸҶΧ˵ֵ״ҲܳԵȥ
˵Ǿ͸ࡣ

Զիֱ磬ΪӸɫȾ˷纮
ŵæ鱾޶￴

Ҳû
®޷޵ʲôͷةѵһ٣Ժ̧ͷˡ
ѵ̧ͷˡ

ڷ®˵ģ̫ǰѵΰ»Դںۺľ

ǻϱŵؽš
իͺľһԵֿ

ľ֪ڼδéŶӻſڴϣԹ֣Һòһأ󲿷ʱ䶼éɹģôôù

ЦʵЩҡ
ˣ῾Ǹ޿ɾҩСˣлͷǰһգֻ˺СӣԶܹˡ

ذοţ͵ˣҸ˵֡Ҷֶرر˭϶ӮԻǲĺá

ľµʣ𣿡
ͷ
ľ˲俪ˣһҪˣָüЦˡ

Խˣܵ뿪
ҵľʱСһﻹ˼իţϵرϹģ˵ûʲôҲ֪ôһ硣

享ľ䣬ˣֱСģ̵ˣ͵ʲôȥҲ״

ľҲǸµģæةɲܸ״ҲǱݺġ
磺˭ġ

ľĳĽ飬æ˻סҲܺߣǸˮǸͬ

ڹӼʱЩСźľȥ˲̫ԡ
̫һةǰԺɲְܳ£æ´ѯʡ

ľһҧΰҺľ䲻˵ûִ磬˵˵Ķ˵
ʲô뺦磬μӽ棬û

ǰ̫Թ˼ԺӣûҰ鶨Ե̫ء
ΏԹɫֻ˵ǷˮþˣҲʲôʱ򻵵ˣӣ֪ۺСӡ

ǣ̫԰ѵһ٣ǸͺľҲˡ

Ҫ˵ӦðԺʡһ쵽£Ⱥ֮˷޷˵
˽ͬ

Ѻһۣ֪Ժܡ
῱վףûӣ׼㲻ʵҲùԤ
Ժ£ɲ̫Դ˾ǡ

˷®˵ϴ˵еѧԺ£ʲô뷨𣿡

®¿ӣȵаϴ˵ġѧнϡʮе붬ˣũûʼʱѧҰľļɺĵñд飬߷ھǣ㼯̡̲֮

Ҷοֵ񲻵ѧֱӵˣܳ飬ϲɺذ
˸ſ䡣

®һ죬Ӳǿɲ

ȻǾµټ˵صټֻľֻҪѧϲеģ

ͷʾͬ⡣

®û
룬ͻȻ˵СƵģ㻹ܲƼ

ʲôʡ

®ָʼ֯˵ҡ̫̫ۣ֯ûиЧееĹͷ˵ľ̫֣ûʡЩеϴεͼҵϰ壬˵Ͱľ峵ƽԲãܸܲĽ£иǼҶ꣬˵ȶԶѿˣʶܲԶĥɽ

磺
ҿûھֵʣãͻЧ̡̫ܷͣܲ

룬ŬרĵسԷԷ®˵ɡ

һֱ֣̫£ŵϰֻҸɷ
˱ƹȥԣСҭš

㷹ò̫ԸǮǮǻԼûŲԺǮʹ

͸ˣ˳극ЩʳûҲԵ΢ԺԺߡ

ټ£д鷳ӣվھ¥ѡ
ѳʱ֣䲻䣿

ҡҡͷɳ˽ֵϷһֱꡣ
żůůͺ͵壬һֹס˸¡

˵䡣˵ȥۡ
ŰīɫۣڽСӵȡˣúÿû

˵ã䡱߰££
Ҫ붬ҹǶˡ

ûע⵽ѵĶͻȻϾͱ˼ۣůǳǳ㡣

ã㴩
ĸ̥Ĺܱ˰ĺãοҶ䣬ѰԼǸ
Ϊ˸˸ƽȡ

šѲɵ˵
ǰĹ¶һȦ֧°˵ƺе㳤

е㳤Ƿǳ翴ϵصۣ㴩ɣҲ߲·

Եȡ
Ѹʦһĥôϵس۸ĺ

ָĴӣԭϵǰ棬ֹ̫
СӸá

ԩŮȻͣƫƽʱãᴩۣóСӡ

ָ⹴ӣǰ潻֮ѩ׵ĴӴӺխƹѹÿ

ԶѧûԶ˻ͷѰ
ϵģܲһԼߡ
ͷһɲˡ

ѧ۾ۻҿֱˡ

ҹɫУܿľ̫̣ǸѧҲȷ
ɸղŲԶӰǽһģ΢΢ǰ㣬˫֮䡣
ŮӰôÿ

һʳ߰˷֣æͷȥ
ԶӰȷ֣ıһˣֻվŶѡ

ȷۻˣ̫˻ƽʱˣ
ѧſԣѵԼˣ

ˡ
˸ᣬȥٳһ㴹ڴϣ۾Ͳϵأˡ

ͷĺᣬͲײͣҰοǰʱжѡ
ϵĺᡭ¡

տɲ˭ģͲᣬϵĺſŵģҪǳ£ȳϡ

ѲŹκԼĻ᣺ǿɲ˳˻ϵᣬửü䡢١

סǵĳ嶯ϵˣ֪Ķˡ

ЦЦĬĬﲹ䣺Ժױƶңɺã

Ժ·ϣʣ㲻Ǵ˼ҵĹôôҵ⡣

Ķ˾ˣֶ˾ͻ¡

ֶ˾ͻˣ㵱ģ⿼ԣɰ

硰ŶӱٶȥϾӰûʣɲ֪ΪΣﾹЩٶٵò
룬ʳ˿ڣָ˭

ЦЦҼҵĴˡ

֡Ŷ
ĵĪѾȢˣ

Ҽλˣ۹ˡᣬһԶɽû⾳Ļ̫򵥣Ҿ˶Ļ䣬͸ɽˮһȼʲ⾳ڷԵøࡢŲ㣬л֮С
ˣױֲϣϲñǡ

ѽ꣬þõȲĻشƫͷţô˵

ᡰš֪˵ʲôû䡣

ûϵֺǺǵԺлϲˡ

㡭£

԰ǳĴˡ

ҭ£˵ĻüǸﰡ

ĪؿЦ˵ѲҸԼ

øղţ׵ظӳףʵԩ
Ǳµתƻ⣺Ǹ˵εټдɡ

תƵӲ²˵û⡣

һ·صԺСԺŰѽлԼԺš

ſྐྵӣϵ˵ղˡ

ѸԼ˱裺ôˡ
𲻽˻רҴ򣺡ſڣﵱѣһΪҪ

ĸֱȥΪѽżһһԲľСֱŶȥ
𹦷ģȻùУְС£ڵϣʶر졣
˼ֹἸè˲𰡣ұ




45.   45    ôˣתˣ

ټǵڶһдõ, ڲ۵λá
ûпټľ˷ҵһӡ

ʮĺӣлиŮ, ڷ®ſ̽ȥԴس濴

®̸ᵽġ, ֯ġͷġ̵Ļжġ

Ѿ˳뷨
, һһСľ, СִҡִߣתһȦܱԭһߡ
, л֣ͼٰͼʾеװװõľʡһ


ۿſ̽СԴֵ

ӵߵǰ
һǸ˵ѧͽ𣿡

˵ѧͽѧ

û̫Ҳ磬ֻ˵ܼ𣿡
Ȼԡ˵, ֻյҪܼȥ, ϸûУ

ǼѲǣæ˵, ϲľʵС⡣
ͳԼСľ׽ľ, ġ

ѡ롱һʮϵؾ档
⼸أ

ʣһһش
үүľһֱѧ, ϧȥȥˡ
ҵ˵үүүүǴ󽫾ͶʯݣˣҲͶʯݡ
ҡҲ֪Ҿ®һСһũߣõܶЪЪ

˵ǸСģе

ѵͷǶʣǵﶼͬ𣿡

ӲԼͬصͷ
ǸͷߵǸ˵ﲻͬҲ

ˡ
ĳ˵ʢпƾ٣ɲÿ˶лμӿƾٿԣˣԸЩȡ±̵̼֣ϣŮܼ̳мҵƵȥȡٱ磬ûŮӡ

ãȰǵд档̿һֽ˵

д˵ǱǸ㣬ƸеͼֽϻĶǸ磬ľպǸ߳ǼǣѧһЩũߡȥ򣬸һ¡

ʮ꺢ӵ۽磬вԶһҲ˽ľҵ࣬ƣľϵļӣܳȷǲԼҪġ

ȥˣҲңԱ߳żһ⣬Ҳֵûش

ǰվŸС˵ҪũߵǸ
˿ͼֽ㣬㻭ʲô

ͼֱһ桢濴ȥ״
֪ټټĺӣ㽲ñȽղѺͺǵĶԻһĶˡ

С۾
СʱŴ˸ɻڵͷϢʱϲڵддϵƣϻţϻţʱʲôģʱʲôģ˵ʲôͼ

Сգʣ㣬ѧ𣿡

ͷüľְ˸ѻҸղ˵ģŻͼ

Сûϵ˸ˣ̫ŵʣſСľ滭

ѵʲôͻʲô
Сͷ

ߵߣЦյһСͽ
˵ԺһȺء

ˣӱѧء

¡ͻȻ˵ϴģǰףȴλӢۡ

һѣҲ뵽ˣʣ˵壿

ѵͷԺ˼ֵܲ¡

ܲ羪ϲ

ǲԺѧǵķƫ͡˵ҿÿ˵⣬Ҷģˮƽ

˼£ǽţģƾֳһЩ˵˼ά׷ٳٲ±ʡ

˵ģЧģЧСȥ

ͷĬĬ㣬ѧԺнʿѡ
ÿ߿ࡢпʦľԼЩѧܹߣЩѧڷǻҪǰһЩµѧӰѾйߵϣ

㣬һˡ

С˼
ӹֽСȷл츳һλͼպ«ưĻһ;һ֡

統˼ԽΪʦ˼ȺӾա

ѵĲȻؼҸ˵˵ԸΪѧûվͿѧˡ

С˺ܸˣæ˵õģлл磬лл

Ǹ˵ģһ㶡
ЦСС

ֳ˴æˣԺͷͷܡ
һСѧˣںԺ˼׵ĽãһСʣѧ棬®ÿձǽѧ

Ҫԭ֣ͼֽôơôý˿öùũҵеӣ⿪
®Լóǲ֣ľļգԼ֮顣

ԺǱߵĿγҲ£ѧԽ죬˼ʱ񽲵ˮҲܺҶˮ׼˽ϼ䣬дİ˹ϵˮƽˡ

ѵ̣ĿҵЩѲơ
˿գ˷īһӣд˸еѧԺҶҲװѣҺԺСһǳѧԺڵģ

գԺ˼顣
һ򲻴Ĳ̫ԣȻˮɻסСԺȥˡ

ڣҪţӭ濴̫Իﱧ˸裬һһ۵Сܶ
յԺһĳһģһ

ֻ̫ǼŸأ껨ˣñѧ

Ժ
߽ˣؾؽˡ

̫ɫܲȻ
һʼǸŮӣǳ·ټҲŸѿ

վǴϢ˵صѧԺ˲ãȻûӼ࣬ôһڹӼ´Ժ

һӮ˭
ѧԺԺ˭̫ԲԺ

ò̫ԷһѣǶţ˵ھɳˣвܵŮΪǡһ˲ţǻۡ
ɰѲϿƮˣһ룬أЩ֮ģѳµˮɸȥ

ԺªЩװ°ɡ
˵̫꣬ŮֱŤͷѻŴԲˡ

Ż裬Щ޴롣
ǸദӣǶãıĵػرã໰ˡ
̫żӡɻתΪԺһ㡱ģ治֪ôӦԡ

ʳòǹӦлʳ𣿡ڲ̫ԿڴΣǱŤŵôѧ˵ûȥʳõķ䲻óԣҲǰѧġ

һĹģˣȴɲ֪˵ʲô

̫ԭȻţȻȻ
ǸύʵС

ͷһˣóļƣǶǻݲݣҶϲЩҪȥͰ͵صҸ

Щݲݣ绹ҲǺҪ

̫ϲؽţǰЩǶٷǰԺĳһ飬Ȼٵ˼¡

ɤŴ󣬼ѾѹȻ˸ڡ

ⲻˣҲûţڼӦԼ
ҶԼ̽һѧ⡣
˸տʼãǽ̫Ե

Ժ
ʮ˭ѵͷΪ磬ߣȥô¡

̫Ի˵Ķ˵㣬ûܼʱ룬˳ʱպ˵ֳֺ챻Ӿ͵óɹ

羪ȵѣôˣתˣ
ҡҡͷл˰ɡ

ֹ̫˵ϲͣػͷȥ
ʱɹǵůҹůůȺ

󼸸˵ģ̫Զѧסˡ

ѡҶҲе㶣ôͷůģ

ΣʣǶڰ
Ѵгߣǣһֱڡ

̫ԣ
űˡ

ҶӦ̫ʺãԺá

̫޴ش˴֣ҲǣͰҲǣߡһȥ
ǰ뿪ʽһģһ

ЩЦǳѵöôƣһû

𣿡
Ļῴǿ˳̫ԵϷأʵղԲͷੲݣ첻֪ôˡ

׸磬ڴʲôգҶ
°ͣƱ˵ơ

̫ھСһѣѧԺ硣
ֵУ˴纫ɭ϶ûһʡĵģ˸ջصӼ࣬ڶ죬˶֪硢ӼûӮѧԺˡ

ѧԺʲô·Ӱˣ
˵ǸŮӣŲʮЩϵɫɿϷ˾֡

ʮŮӣڽʱӮ
ȵȻԺΪʲôϣ

ǣֵ˲仯Աһ磬һ磬ѧԺͼӴ׵ؽһ飬ǵ˾̾
ʲôˮأȻô˼ɱȹӼˡ

ʣƲǾ˵Ҳȥ𣿡

˵أ첲յղˡ
ںֻţûѧԺ¸

Ҹ˵ɲˣǰʱزǳһͦϡ𣬽ʲôС磬Ҳġ

С羹Ȼ緢ģҵ˵ˡ

ǰǰֵ˵ַټҪһԸѧеѧء

˵ʵҲѧ

⻰Ȼھǲֶߣܱߺüأ˶֪ˣλľѧ
һСĺճͻȻһԴ̻

ѧԺӼ࣬ŰľѧϢ˸顣

ܿգΪĽѧϰе̫ˣҺԺʢ£ѾھھӼҵĺԺãصٶȸϲϱٶȣɼ¡

ѴԴͷϸ׬ȡ̻ĲܱȡѧϰģʽĲܱɵסӸӿˡ

жСԤ̫ũֶһũߣǵĿͻȦѾչũҵ

ѰӷקЦ취ЩȫڷҲǳ֮ơ

и취֪веͨ

ѺƵ㾡˵
ҡ

˵ѧԺмѧݣԭǸٿѧõģʱòţã




46.   46    Ҿ˰˻

ѧԺȷмѧݡ
ľһ, Ƿìܣľḯľٴֱ, ĦϣԺƽ

Ӳ̫ǵ֪, һ, ѧԺ˿, ٵٵõһרŵĳ
ԺǼѧݱ

ÿõѧݸеѧãҲʧһ÷

ֻǡ֪Ժͬͬ⡣˼ŵ

ѧݼţҲԺĲƲ, ̫ΪԺȨƲá

絣ĵģ̫ʲôӵˣҶҲ˵飬ģҲһͬ⡣

¹شһӦ˵, طɡ

ĻбĵطԺѧݾ֮ء

԰ɡ˵, ԺЩı컹רŸͻתء

Щԥ, Ҳûķ, ֻõͷӦˡ

ϣѾ˷㣬СԺȴζƮ, ζζŨһ˵ζδѾܸܵʶĿڸС

ڲһ飬ճŵ˵ζ
Կ飬һûʳǼꤣ֪͸ζԶ
߽ŷ֣ԭСԺóԵġ

СѾͷǲ

ŽȥͿڳææҵġ
Ավѣƽʱģ۽ǱѬһ˿ۣ䵲ſڱǣл÷ˣȻˡ

ССĳǴ˳̡

˺ð죬߹ȥʵãôˣ

类Ǻһ߿ȱߵȻʣڷֲġ

磺

治ˣǰڼʱո𣬴֡
ҿǿټԶţвæȣһҲɫζȫ

ʢ˲ˣк磬

߹ȥһС鼦ϸϸ£۾һ

˰ѶϵϸЦˡ

ѻȥѣҹǲմζġ
һһ˵ǲҾ˰˻ء

ûסЦ˳
Ȱ˻أ⵽˭ġ

СֹҪ̫ˡ

߲С˵ǾǵһˣҴˣԺˣصõİ˷ơ

Ժİ

ͷмⲻǡͶ

ܾ棬ӡУȻСּ̼ҵŮȴЩģҿԺô죬ûκֺò̫Եľٶ֪
ʲô£ȻΣ̫˳ԡ

Щ²̫ԲӦ
˶ûɻֻ˵ǲָտ飬ûԷ

粻˼صͷ

ʣĻУȥЩ˶ӡ˵꣬תѣһȥ𣿡

ˣѶ
˵е㡣

һȥ˲̫ԵסԶǵԺ䶼Ƭֻ̫ԵԺӴЩԺһ

绹ǵһ˵ʵҲǵһΡ

̫ԵԺǰСʯʨӣ˵ĳ˽ʿѧٷƺġ

ȻͲԺлʦ񡣡Ц²ǲԺӣ˼͵İɡ

ꡪ˵Сˡ

ʧЦѾͷѽѧݵ·ˣ㲻ҿ̫ԡ
Ҳ˵ˣȥŰɡ

ŴͷӹʳУȥš

һᣬԺʮߺ˭ѽ

ɤӣ˵ң硣

ԺڳĬ˻΢üؿѡ

𼱣ٵȵȡ˵

¡
ԺڲŴŲľű̫Դ򿪣¶һԲ

̫㲻úãѵҲûôӣʣϵģ£

ȷе¡˵ܽȥ˵𣿡

̫Ժɵز࿪˷˽

Ѹһʾ⡣
⣬˵ԺĹ֪ڣ

̫Ժˣƽʱ㾮ˮˮӼཻԺŲôΪˣ軨͹ϵ

ãĲˣ̫Իɻúܡ

ɻɻɫǻЩǰ°ɡ

ں棬Ŀѣ˶΢ЦһЩЧ

¹⣬翴˲̫ԺĲá
ⷽԺСмһʯ·ֺ͹ʯϸвӲݣԺӴҲ㡣

ɻѧǶ˵̫סԺӣռԺõԴڿԺʵʵڳƲϺá
ѵԺﶼͤء

ǰװҲһ㣬ֵǮûУһԵļûйŶƿͷûʲôضᡣ
ۿ˼ԺָϡӼ

ѧʵ鲻࣬ЩԺģҲݡ

ʲô£˵ɡ̫˵

粻̫ϣһ˵ԺԺԭѧǼѧݣһֱţܲܽҡ

̫Իһ˵þȥá




47.   47    ң

⻰˵, 磬Ѷ¡
̫ʲôʱô˵ˣ
һڼⶼûԡ

˳Ԥƿö࣬ǰõ˵Ƕûüڡ
һֱصסе, ô׾پˣ

ڶգ®֪Ϣʱ, ͬǰδе𾪡
ٵİ, ǲˣʲôơ

ϸ²̫Եʱ, £ٵͷ˼һüͷ˼չ, ˼һȴʲô⡣
Ӧòǡ

®ÿɷǿ̫ͬ˼¡
ȥѧǣҲüƵطˡ

˵ǻеѧЩô˾ͼҺԺѧϰһˣʵڲǸõĻ

ȴסˣ
®ɻؿ

Ǽѧ֮ǰٵѧϰ˵ٰߵԭǺǲì, еѧȥ֮ҵҲһ֡

®, ѧԺ˵еѧ, һΰһѧ, ԺĻյԺԭеѧҲ᲻ӦΪ˱ìܵķ, ÷

Ұ®ŻЦŵԺǱ߻Ҫ㰲ţС½ңܸ㶨

ǿԶһˣ˷ġ
Լݣο

®Ҷĸı䣬ĽοɶͬΪѧѣȴôο
˵áοʡ

Ѻϣʫ£طת澳ɫؿҡ̾еС壬еС
ȥʱѧϰӵĴԼҪ
Ҫӣæŵ㡣

žЦˣصԺʱϻһ˿Ц⡣

ʲô°ôˡһ۾Ϳˡ
ûʲô°Ī

ȥһˣôЦôÿɲкҡѲġ
ûСʵʵ

һȥ
ûеҪᵽԺˣܣ治ġ

ӣ˿ʼ˻еĽ٣ҪⶨϸҪϸǼ򵥰Ų

˱ԭ飬®Ǳ֮ľһ𵱽̲ġ

ƣ䲻ԺţϾְòٹĹ򣬻еҵ¶˵ڻ¡

®һӦµ£Ĳû͸©ϢǼǼţʵڼֱ࣬˿ŲסͼӴ׵ذΪѧݵ½һ顣
ѧǸж£֤ԺĹأѧԺѧϰǰ붼£ƾҲܽԺֱ档

һȶҲ˶

ľߵĽѧҲû£ְǵߡ
˵ԺΪ٣ҪǷǣǰΪĵ򣬺ΪµĹߣȱһɡ

ѧӷ׷׵ͷ
伲࣬ڸǵÿ£ȴպΪٵĸ
ѧŹֲŹ̸ۣ֮㹻һ±Ƶĺù٣С˵óѣʹߺԩ

ģƾٿÿ½УģĴȺѧ̬࣬˶˲٣̤ʵѧʡ

СԺһ㺮˪Ҷͷ˻ƣͥԺ֮С
Ѷûʱ֮ڽûѧæţ˳

ɴڷƮҶȥҶ˸УƱĺζϡ
ùҪǿˣһͻƻ

ḯ˲֮ߡ
ذѸţͿɹһֻ룬ϰ㻷ȻֻŸ롣

Ÿųݶϣž͸ҹӵģ

ѵĸ˺֣ܶȨӵż
ͻȻɸ봫飬Ҫ£æѸץϵżչǼ¡

ǸѵûǸӡ£ǳӡŸ׭塰֡

ֻҼҽУÿҽУǸӶĸµĲһ֮
Ҳһö

Ѵ˴ǰһ֮ˣ鷳߱ʣһҪٶȴŸ
ϵ漰ңѣٻأ

üҵһ̣ӷԾȥѰӡ

ѸպôӽóüԤвõ·Ȼȥȥһš
·𣬳Ÿ֮˼ˡ

ʣӣг˺£
ҡҡͷ

Щ˵ٻأһǳˣǵûȥһˡ
ѻû˵

صСԺ鰸ǰǰżĿֽϣƮ顣

ûѳȣڷȥ
ӣǵ׻ȥɣжôдˣȥҲİ

˷Ӧһ̡

ҹȥѰ硣
ŵƻдд߽ˣ廭ǻеµĽ̲ĺͼֽ

˵оĵƻʱ
ϸЩ۾

⻰˵ºͣƽʣЩͳ¡
̧ͷһ˫Цɵһۡ

ƽĺ棬ûķ紵һ㱡
ôˡ


Ѵӻͳһ˹ȥ

ӹ£ŷǿƣʵغصСӣ׹ŻڵպһСС׹׹ī
ڹԺſڣİʱżȻƳǿơ

֪ⶫȨСʲô

ָ˳Щҵգ˵ҿҪؾǼգⶫţ⣬ܰæ

⣬ѻᵽ˼Ҫ뿪Ժգǿ鷳ԺҲ鷳

ûʣֻ˵ԺһСģȥҲҪעⰲȫ
Цŵͷ

еﲻѧ·ǴЦġͻȻ˵Ϊԭûμӿƾٿԣһ·
·ߵĶԣҪȥ

£˵뿪ǰҪ˵ֻױԡ

ѱЦˣϹ˵

˳Ĭһ˵û£ȥˣЩϢ

ߵſڣͻȻʵҪȥգ

ѶסŲ˵ãʮգ¡

硰Ŷ

Цôң

ջĿ⣺ֻǵģǵĿҵûġ

ҺѵּٲҶҲԣǶԵĺӡ

ᡰš

ڶسűƥڹٵϿ񱼣Ƿȥˡ

翪ʱʳж˶ذſڣ֪˭ŵġ
תۼˣⲻ׵ĹӾϵظ˼µķˡ

ʳУյͲ˶˸ӣ֪Լߵ磬ˣ˲
ʳУתԺӣóڿ˶Ѿˡ




48.   48    ʥϿͣͥ

ſڡ
, سǵıŹǷƿţɿǺϵĵţ˺̶˳ͬС
һ, ȡ˳ì۵룺Ҫڳſվһء

һͷ, ƼŴվŸ, ŵóì֡
˳ö, ̫ˡ
Ͱ͵塢ӵ£

ǳſʱѾ
𱸵ƥǧԣʱ, һ·յغķ£ʱձִ˾ǡ

ŲԶͣ¡

ӣڳǱΪʲôҪš
ΪҽҪš

ͷʺţʲô߼
ϸˣ˴λؾǽƾҽһ, дļ򵥣вжҵ, СΪϣ뾪Щõˡ

ֻĸŶûáͻȻ˵

𳯳ſڿȥ, Ȼ˶ߡ
ſڳسǵĽͱ, Լ˺̶ӣһ۵ˣʥϵĵ, Ρ
Цеس֡

Ƕôʣרģ

ĻӱгɶӣҲֻ˵˳ǡ

ӻΣȷʵ㲻øߣڶ˾ǰԵòô󣬾Ǹ˿ʲλĵʯ

ѾˣǶ㲻ȥ
ֳſȥ

κ飬ԶĹּ񣺡֣ͥһգˡ
ѹ֣ӵ£һкιɡ

ֱֱ㰡
֪ҽջ
Ȼ֪ġЦǺǵǲ֪㼸ʱ첻͵⡣

ѣ

Ȼ˵򸮳£ٻأм١
£˵ĿӦ򸮣عڳſڶ
֪֮˰ʲôģ˵¡

Ӵк£
ѧʺãдһƪ¡

Ѽɫ׻㲻̫̫ѧ峵ָ㲻д£
ΰڰ֣ة˵״Ԫд¡

۾ظةࡣ

ӻ³ظпû뵽ةƽ￴ϣ˾ǻҪ㣬Ҷ״Ԫˡ

һ֮µة࣬һֱڸΪжǰݣҲûʲô󰭡
˲Ų˵©졣

ֻǣة˼ٴεȺĿģڣ

ʲôĿᣬҪָ㡣ʡ

β֪ζ˵Ǹʳ⣬Ҫʮ֮дĿƫѣҸλֳסˡ

⻰͵سΧȥ
ڳ⣬֪ȺУм·ˣǸߡ

ˡ
ةΣ֮

ϵһͣҲˣȴһֱš
뿪֮ǰоվӵͷǳ⣬ȴǰӱǼŻĸ磬ôһֱ޶
Ҳ˼ٱةƻ󣬼ææ

̯С̷̯ǰĹ·ˣпǸߡ
μ£̻ᱻҰ֪ʲôӪĻû˵Ѿλһ

ͬʱѧԺҲƽ
ûʲô£·´ҪԺӲ졣

Ϣڱ
Ҫǲǵȥӭӡ
ԺҲûôϡǳ´Ǹù٣ÿٻԺӲһΡ
Ǿ͸ȥӭˣù㲻ӣѵ̰˵˵ĶԲԡ

ѧϢļ϶ڷӡ˺̧ͷ˵˵ĶԣȴýӣȥӲеǱߣ޹ء

·ȷȥӲеģ˵˸е࣬ϵѧѧ徭ѧľգǴͳգǴʲôеԭѧ𡢵Զһѧƣžͺ˼

ƷѾչСڵʮеӦʿũ̺üС
ͻȻںüس

·ΪɲӲһ£¸Ļе྿ɶġ

Ŷԭȥеࡣ˸пе밡ʱʱ˵Űݷá
ؼ˼һñ飬ۿΣʵΣݽϣǣֻ顣

еĿγ̹滮һƶģѧΪָеĿǰЧɰѿƾٿԵȺѧĽˡ

Խ˵Խᣬɴ಻ˣͷ֪˭һƫƫ˲̫ϡ

ǿɣͷͲ㣬ϡ
ԶԶԣҼǵǰ֪꣬ԺӲ죬̫˿ˣ֪еģ֪ϴˮԶ˵ġ

ԺʱΣǵһμ̫ԺӭǸСͯ˵ġ
ʱÿţû뵽Ժ˶֪¡

ɲǾΪŶ
˵ţͻȻ˵

ͷȥȴ˵ǳ·ᡣ

ڻеӲôˡ

·ῴеˣ⣬еഴʼˡ
®ҿˣСƽʱƤû㻹ܸɳɴ¡е࣬ܲ

˵

ղű˵̫ԣ·ˣѧ˼ƽʱҪ̹ʵڲǹⱳġ

ǵǸ˵˵ղŶԺʲô·˵

޷Ǿġ֪ϴˮѧڨڨزҽӻ

·̾˿֪飬ûǣҽȴҪǺú˵˵

飿ҲȤ
ǰֻ֪̫鲻ϲȴܸ·ֱٳΪѣ·ỹԸ˵ʵͦ˷ѽġ

·ɣҪ˵ͻȻſڲ̫Եʮһ𣺡´ˣڽߣ

·ᡢ硢ˣ

̬ȣ֪ر

ˣ·ЦŸǡ
ŹȻ̫ԣ㺰ʲôԺѧ˵ء

̫ǰСʲô˵
·̾˿˵ϴ֪Ӳ¡
̫һ㶣Ǿ͸˵ˣˡ

˰
Ѵүӷһ·Թ

ڳſڸ£Ȼ˽֪ˡ
ڹϣӸλ󳼼棬Ե

ѵĸȻҲ֪ˣ²ҵĶһţûóԺúдȸһ١

ѵûЦӣȰοûʲô˵ģҲǵүˣ˱˵Ȧס

˵ԽԽˣһӲûʷ˵ҿǡǧ棬˶ˡ

ֻЦ

ŰɣŸտʼε̾˿

Ȼʱ̵Ĺ򣬹ˣĻǻߵĴ̫ࡣ

ӭܹܣʥ£

ܹܸҲ죬ݸһรȻɤӳʥϿͣͥµ




49.   49    ֮˵ʲô

µǰٹٴ󳯻ĵط, ʹ롣
ѸŴܹ˹µȥ

Żϸӳ⿼ˣոԽ¡
Բ, ǵȷս¡
Ӹԣ̫ǵָ, ϶⡣
Ŀƫ, ϲûô⡣

Ѻܹһ·, Ǵˣ޹ؽҪлѾơ

λܹջ˽¸е㽻顣
ܹԭٻ, м߹٣үүһ˶ֵ֮һλڶʧܣұȻʳ˼ңնףŮȫ澣뵱϶ʱһ㽻飬ס, ȴĵߵС̫, һ·ܹܵλӡ

ܹиѧʲ, ʱ˽ʿ, ÷زμӵԣȴ˽ҷ֮ȻҪĵʸ, еĽʿסⱲԵ

Ͷ·£Ļܹ
ܹ׽ĶӣܲܣǾҵѡ

ѵʱѾ˹Ӽ࣬˵³񲿣Ҳְ֮ڣԿ˵£ȷǸвѧˡ
ܹܲڻǰڣȴ˵˳ĵ۵ʱпƾٵͷϣ¶ǰˣĵ۱㿪˶׼Ҷӵԡ

ܹǷһ飬ԸЩ
˶˾ܹϵģʲôʱ˵˵ʲôﶼ

ˣĬĬŶԲߡ

µϣĵ
Ѿ٣ȴǿͷϲ׷ǲ֮ˣȻɻ䳯аٹ£ȴҲ֪ȷʵ˸䶫ʱˡ

˿һԲص
³²͸ϵ˼ֻ֪ŭϲҲҶԣ֮һƬž

ֱѱ

ӹؾصشųǰ˸֮񣺡΢μϡ

ĵ΢΢̧ŵ֮ˡ
䣬ʱڸѲĻؾˡ

䲻ٻؾôأȴպøڻӿ˵ĽڹϣʵЩ㱳

Ӱվѵб󷽣
뾩ʱ˵Ī⣬춯һҪŸ֪κЩæһ󹤳̣¸ˡ

ػϡǰʵʵ˵ԭ߷ãͻȻӵһţ˵ѣһʱżı˻Լ¡

һƬТġĵĿڣȻļУΪλؾʱҽıţҪԶϳš

⻰˵ζ޷λϳųֹѻ˼ң˭ĸš

۳ǣλ֮ӰżϻκѺûۣƲ˵ɫ̾˿

Աߡ
ǰٹ֮׵վλҲһ֮֮ϵĸ߹٣ة࣬޽ةࡣ

ة˫ֱ˰壬ڵվţۣ·Գ֮һ㶼ġ

ջĿ⣬صӲƾٿԣְڣ˽»ؾְ뾪̫ˣѡ˼ٵϳš

⻰٣ϳȷʵ籱Ƿְһ˵Ҳ˵ͨ

ܿУְֻһ
޽ɫ̧̧Ƥţĵġ
Ȼͥƭ˾Ͳʹ뿪

ĵ΢΢ͷʣ˵˸㴫ţ˵ѣҷȻѲϷˣ㣿Ŵ˿ںδ

ڳϣܹܾʹѻؾһţʱȥڣһˡ

ܹܳǷСͲż

ĵ۽ӹչϸ֮һԲȻŭȵ

ŭٹĲ

ü޽ɲɫ
ӰϢŭ塣

ĵûӰ

ܹܽӹżףŸѡ
ż˶ֽţչһǡ

ԭǣѣٻء
˿ȴˣͷ֡

ͻȻؾϳżΣеĹϵͻȻ

ӰͷϵݣòԶ󺧣ѿڶôܣͥһȥӰּⶼˣôܷĳλӡ

̫ӹͷڳӰ仰ˣȥż
Ų֪˭ߣڴϴĸ飬𾪲ѣֱܹջȥˡ

ţ϶˶ֽš
˭Ѳ֪

ԺһۣһֱţܹҲǴӳõģ̫ܲںԼ

˼һ𣺡ϣϵݲǳ

ةһ˼Ʋѣ˳˼ű˵ˣһֱѲǻܹܸİ

Ѳԡ

Ӱͥ˵Ͱ㲻˵𣡡

ѿЦӰ֮˵ʲô
תϣò֤ݣֻ˵Ǳԩݺġ

Ϊ֮ûһλǲɵģоŷֵΣҲҪһֵģĻʵ䱡飬ȴҲϸ
ĵ۱ˣѣȴòǰʵ
̾˿Ŀڣвã˿ɢݲȱʱһˡ䣬㼴˵ԩģޱȲȥɡ

ڳ֪Űѽˡ
λ֮ǰǲܳˡ

ͬʱѧԺλ֮͡

ĿǸְȳ·ˣֵò̫һ˳Ժӭӡ
ĲǱˣǼ֪ס

̫԰ӭ½ΣһЦϴˣôˣʲôԸ˵һˡ
Ƴ۲̫ԣôԺǽ̵ĵأٻˡ
̫ϣƨĵøˡ

ޣʣ˵Ժ˸ʲôеࣿ
ǡ̫Էӭŵ´Ӳˣ˵ǲкô

´ӲˣûӲ졣׻һתԺôĵӣ˽Ժ߰ѧ˭Ȩ

̫亹æϢŭϢŭ

幻ˣҲؽӣٸʱ䣬ʲôеˣ˵ȸϳԺȥ򱾹ٵǲ˽Ȩ֮

̫æͷ

ǰһ䣺֮һӲ죬ԺЩҪʶ塣

˵˽ΣʻԶˡ
̫ɵͷһǫ˳ӣԲӰУ顣

ȥǻܹܴţеĲȥ
ةͼݵйᣬӰ˵£ڲԼĴǱ߻бʡ
޽ѣױض󣬲֪һܲӦĹ

ܹܣȷʵӳùģ
ǣūۼӻͳġ
мܹܣپ֣
ûСܹܶº˵ūһ䣬շҹѷСУҲûһ˼Լϡ

˼صͷǵãһӡµġ
ӡµģҲһ




50.   50    ͷ֡

ʲô, ˻еࣿƾʲô
ǣеַһִģƾʲô˵ؾ͹ء
֪, ֪Ͱ֪ܹ˼ҽʲôѧʲô

һ, رջеϢ㴫ֶ, Ϣľ, ľٰѧ䲻漰Уȴ
˻е˵Ѫ, еѧҪô죿
طչĺ£ΪʲôҪأ

ʱ޷޵

˵֪𣿼֪˵òԺ˻е࣬ЩѧϳԺȥôС

ʣǼ֪˵ģ

ͷ

̫Ժſӭ׵ѧˣ˵ǧȷ˵պʱ, ǻеѧԺòԺʡ

, ²ˡ
΢΢üԺô졣

ˡ˵Ҫǰ, ֪Ÿƨ, ͷհ죬ⶼȥˣȻûκζ, ѵǲͷˣӦٶˣ

粻ǲ̫ˣɤʮĺܡ
һбԭ

һûеɢ
ľٰѧҲĿŻеʹɢˣ硣

ͷڹ˽ûеɢ

ľҵǣеѧϢ
ԹɿѧһһеĲѸٷҪȥۡ

絽ײĻе࣬ƣײһȺѧߵҪȥۡ
ǹ٣ԹٶҲ˵ܼܲףˣҲֱֲˡ

Ǻ׽֣̫֪״˵ֶжգѧǺ׼ĹȥԿᱻ׵һң˵ҹãҪû˻еࡣ

ô죬ѵǱɢ
ǰǲŸտ಻ãСӵһ·̫ˡ

Ҳǽɢġ紹ҡ

⻰ѳ˵Ѳڣ˵Ĺǡ

˼ŶԲߣҲŲ̫Իô죬Ȼһȥˣ̫Ժʧһ㶯ûС

ѧҲ棬˽Сš
̫Բ̸Ǳ˰ɣ
ڲڣ˵رջеûˣһ٣źúõԺȥӷ

֮ǰȥһβ̫ԵסΪ˽Ǽѧݡ
ѧݽ赽֣еҲذȴҪٴεá
Ϊ˲Ļеص

û뵽ȴ˱ڣȥţԺһֱû˿
õľˣԺڴһƲֵ߿徻

ԺɣȴϿš
ϿţҲûκζ˲²͸ʲô

˵Ժ¶Բߡ
𻰵˶ûˡ

ʱ÷ɿ죬ʱһգ۵Ĺ
֮ڵˣһԺſڣԶؿһ׵Ļ˭

˵ѣԴӽ˲󣬱Ҳûǵ죬˶ģſڣǱˡ

ﳭ飬ЩҳˣҪдЩĽˣҪ˽ʵߣ½ʽ

ղͷǸС̣죬ڻܹµġ
ùʳУʳǲڸ󳼣㱻ڴˣҲû˸ҿ
ûܹ֮ӣȻû뵽Ӱ´㣬ôɿڵķˡ

׷˵һģӸԣѷ˶˳󣬱ʳʳеײһֽ

ֽ˵ѧԺѡ

ǰգлܹصϢѧԺͼ֪
Ϣ׹ΪѧԺˡ

ţͻȻ
ӣ𣿡

ǳ룬û𻰡

ֵӣү˵ԲãЩʳѾˣһ¡

ɲ˵

޷ֻðѶſڣȥˡ
һ·صң˲ãѵĸףү

򸸡šʣʳɸȥˣ
˵ȥˡ
ýȥ𣿡
ԥ£ýȥˡ

򸸻ӻ֣СӾ£ȥɡ
ǰѵģǶԳ˵ģ𹰹֣ȥˡ

ܹܲյˣڤһͻȻˣҪϡ

ĵůة£ܹӽϣ

ͥﲻڲ𣿡ĵ˵
ǣӦϡ

޽˵ĺӵյ飬ʱ֮˺

ܹҲʧӣɫ˺ӵްܵţǿƾѲһ£ڽСūˣ

ĵ̫Ϊͥ˵أüˣܹҲǸ£ҲͥҪôΪԼ⡣
˴ɡ

ѽůʱ޽˻δ뿪Ż㱨ްһµӰҲţʩʩȻظŽˡ
ټůԵЩ

䣬л˵

ѵͷػϣ˼飬ǶԼְĳͷ񻹱ˣҲͳˡ

ˣżڻУ㻹Լְֻأ޽ޱ

΢΢һЦةˣ˵Ǳԩģżǵȷ͵ϵżֻݣ˸Ķ

Ϲ˵޽г񣬡ѳģ˭ܸĶ

ѲĻϣа취֤Լס

ĵۿڣ˵

ѣܹܣżǰɣɷһۡ

ĵ۵ͷܹܴϻȡǷżݸѡ

չֽȷʵԺǷ⣬û˵ֽһǻָĺۼ
ϵεıʼȴһǱдּѾ࣬Ҫ

һЦ뿴īѾҪȥˡյż죬źͳصǵʱ䣬Ҳ࣬һīʲô졣

˿˽ǵͷ
Ӱ˵ǰʲôīҲʲô죬治ʲôɣ͸սϼٴ鱨һûһջˮһ־ͳˡͥա

ѡһĵһ֤ݾûˣӰҡ
ΪѲģ

ѽ͵ˮУЩ̫ױ𴩡

ĵʵѵżйŹ֣

˵ǡϽīһá

ĵ׼

Ҳˣһ鴿ڵīָһΣֽմ˲㱡īۡ
ţֽƽϣѹµī۵ֽϣᰴѹƬ̣ٴȥ

ֽϵīȫɾּ¶
Ǿ䡰ͷ֡ʼģѣٻء




51.   51    ˭Ҳ붯ѧԺΡ

һֱּֽ, ڳ޲

𾪵ĵة޽˸֪Уȴ֪еԭ, ڲٿʾһŲ֪
ͥô֪ģ
ľκ, ȴǲ

ĵȤ, ΢΢ֱ壺, ôġ

΢΢һЦػϣܼ򵥣ֽϵֶͨī֭дġ
ֽչʾ˿дֽ, ʹֲͬĲϣһֲдѣٻءٻһֲд֡ǰֲһʱʾһʱʧˣʱһֲϵʱҲµʱǡʾˡ

Ӱµʣεīϵķĩֵּʲô

ʵúáѲ߿佱, īֶǸܺõ񹤾, ʧֳּԭ, Ӧýԭ

ԭ
ûʡ

֪ʲôԭ, Ȼ署ġ
ԭһ֪⣬ܹѧãԼΣ

ǰһּĲڿм, ʱʧˣ̼»ԭʾ˳һֲʧˡ

ݺˣ˭дֻ֮Ļ

ĵ۵ⷬȷݺˣ˸Ϊӣݺ͢سʵڿɶ񡣡

س΢ͷȴϷ

ɴ²顣ĵİ

ɫǧ
֪޽λȨأһʱᶯã޽ûʵ֤ݣҲܺ˷ֺ
¸ҶպʲôҲ֤ǰʡ

ܹӦȥ´ּˡ

£ǰһϣѲأ￴ת

ĵۻӻ֣޹˵ȶ£ѣֳĶ٣ոѿõС磬ǽʱûܸӼࡣ

ǣҲ˵ˡѹֵбʧٶ֣ҲѧԺһλѧ

ĵȤġŶнֹ۵

㲻ùۣ˵ĳֽеɽͣͲ˵ģΪѧҲ΢΢Ц˵ѧ˶ΪѧƶʺԼĿҵ

Ѹĵ۽˺ܶ࣬ĵҲ㿪ˣԭ⹱Ľģķʽԩһֽпѧķƽ⣬˿ƾٵǻиָĳ·

˵ǰʱӼഫ÷зɡĵۻţƺˡ

ǫЦӮǫðˡ

ǲǫã֮ǸŮĵ˵

ʱ죬˵ϣʵ֤ԺеǺ£ҵķչܹذ

ܹܴ˵ѧԺѣѵһӦǸճĻеࡣ
ʲôˣ۾תŲϡءĵطԺĵطؾأΨле಻ڳ͢䲼ɷ֮С

ϡо֮񣬡һּ⣬ѧԺĻеలȻ

ǴʥּģƵʥּʹС
˹ţȴƫһˡ޽

޽֪ѳˣװûɲɫظ˵Ż
ӳ⣬ͦɣ

𲻱شˣźӦõģࡣ

޽οĳļ硣

ѿЦҡͷ߹ȥ
ة࣬ûأ

иλû޽Це

˭֪ةҵôԼӡ
Ҳƣѧ޽ĳļ򣺡ʲô

޹㰡

޽ƤЦⲻЦҪÿλҽСֵģҲ֮ˡ

ǰҳϸˣô᲻֪ɸ봫Ƿϣиġء

żû⣬һֱżĳмֿɣŵݶ⣬ȻͲΨһĻɶ
޽ǰԳȣ˭ء

ǰ˹ѷةģҵļѾɾˣպҲ벻֮ˡ

޽𻰣ЦеĿѣڵ͡

Ըöף˳һ

⣬˵ҵļϸȷʵѾϣ˹ţסѳ˷ѵ֤ݡ

º͵ةˣ֤ҪҪһۣ

޽ɫ£Ȼذڰ֣ҵļ£Լ˱ǣҲ룬ǡ

ߵôæζˡ
ں˵ة࣬Ҫҵһ̰

޽ûƵģ뿪

Լϳǳ
ɳһ߻ޣһ߱Թӣ´׽жܲǰѼƻ֪һ㲻ңҶŻˡ

ȥ棬ȴһԡ
˵µıʣ̾
ӲỳԼ˰ɣ

ɳƽʱҹӣȴǾԵģô֮춼ˣʲôûɰ
򸮵·ϣԽԽԾ꽻飬ôܻҹôˣôһɡ

ŴѧҲѧˣᶯˡ

صңүӰѶýȥûԥ˵ýȥˡ
Ա
ʱ·ģǡλֳӡµļҽ

͵˴㡣
һλҽڳţ˸ţѵż޻ɹ

üһȻҪ޻ء
ɴˣ˴ˣѺҼôңϻȪ·ҳһߡ

СڳĿЩ춼û˯ҿͦǰҲƯ

дžɫҲϾˣ˵ӣǻؼңɺúϢհɡ

Ϣʲô˵̾ߣء

أѧԺ
Եɱ

˽ŵضţһǰ鿴еǷرյףһͻеѧǡ

״˲٣õбȫѹ޴ѧǡ
ߣеѧӿˣľٰҲ˲ˣ硢Ҷ˲ѹգҪеֵͬսߡ

ǰɡװڣΪŮȺһõʲô£ȰʶЩҪΪЩ´

˵˭񡣡ľٰѧȥطԺ徻֮أЩŵǹĹٱܲܳȥ

׸Сɫֻ˵ֻǸǲԺأҡ

̫Դ֮󣬾ҲûԺ綼ûһ档

Ժʹˣ˵ϴˣҸ˵ˣҲ˻еࡣ

һЦʲô·ϹټԺ浱Լܹˣ̫϶ЩСʶȤЩǵĻҵġ

粻Ҷ϶̫ԾôģǾ׵Ϊ⼸첻Ļǲػе࣬Ϊ̬

ĺľҲȲ̫ˣһָǰ֡

µıսìƾҪ·ѧ
ֻסѧȴмŭѧ˳۵Ҫ̫

䣬ѧŭ
ۻ֪̬ȣһѧ˵ء

ϴˣĳɷŽܱģǣ

ưһЦΪβңǸھǵϸ״ѱˡ

ףҧۡ

ס֣
һȻʱͻȻһʮ˿ȥֻǲ̫ԡ
ԲԲ߶ʱһһģԺЩȴޱȼᶨ

ߵǰ棬ѧͬһͬһһٵҲ̫ڣ˭Ҳ붯ѧԺκˣ




52.   52    ҰԺ㣬ҡ

̫ԺҲ, š̫ˡ˵ֻ׽а壿
ڳ˶Щ㶡

׵ɫ˲ɲһԺ֮ô˵²̨, Ҫе࣬񾭡
˵ʲô

ݵü˺, ̫ȴ, ֻƫͷ, ˵Ļеࡣ

ЩǣԥԺ

̫ԡſڽߴҪ汾𣿡

̫˵˷Ҫرջе, ͷӾһѳ͢١

üҪЦͷãõúܣΪ㵱ԺԺǸʲôߵˡ

̫ԲԼǸߵˣԹɫķУʲôĵû
ڳѧڴ֮ǰҲΪᵽѧԺ, ǵĽԺԺ, һЦ϶, ʲôˡ

ǲԺ, ǸϴŵˡƤЦⲻЦ˵Ҳ֪걾, ͷĴʮӭ˱棬Ƕ˲ˮдʫ١׮׮ɶλԺ¡

̫ԭŵЩ壬ϣȴҲ֪ˡ

⡭Щʵ
Ժѧ֪Щ£С۽̸š

̫˸£ࡣ

翴ԺȴƼ𽥿µļ米
ǰΣȴһѰϹͷǰ׻ɿģרĵ

㲻ó˵̫ԵҲʲôöԺ˾֪ض֪뱲ûкϣҲں
£˵ûкĶˣˣ

еѧһ·ʵףһֱǰֻ磬ֻǸһԺ֮˵Ҫǣˣܲӯ
ֵǵؽŲ̫ԣԺԺ

̫ԾԼˣˣȺСӽмԺ۾ء

һ춯صʦ顣ײмһˣʮ㣬ס˭Ժ߰İࣿҳҿ̾ߣǺúõǸ

ĳɷ伮Ȼû׾ǳ׼˲Ź˵

̫ԸѧǶ¶꣬Ϲ˵ԺеģҳҿҲ˵Ǹ

µƿԣݺݵ̫ԣ𾴾ƲԳԷơ

̫һã˺ʱ
Ҫյˡ

ױۣ֮²ˣٸߡܱ࣬һͷɣ

̫ƫͷ˵ȥ´ˡ

ֵôǶƽͷϰգֻг·ܸ׿һˡ
ܾòԺֻó·˼£ǵͷʾȥˡ

·룬һ֪ȥԺ
׳Żеȥģ϶˳ͻȥΧȴԼʦүס

ȥã֪ͷϵɴñҪҪʦүĵȰ
⻰֮Уָλ٣ܱ

硭·Ϊѵ

ԺвԺءʦү˵˵ѧԺ£档

вҲŵġ·̾˿Ƣ
Խ˵ԽģУҵȥ

ȥ
ʦүó·Ĺ;Цãֱԣ̫زۡ

ʦүȥˡ
´ˣȥȥԺ׺Ժִˡ

Ȼ
·Ļ˵ʦүȰ裬ܡ

ĺľһʣ治ã
̫ԣá
ֲĳìһָеĳì

̫Բ
ìۣ۳Ҫ

ڸ󸨳ڴˣ˭Σ
ǿƣ̽һε׵ۣҲֳֳì۶סٶһ

˿еƣڸ󸨳Ĳ١
רŴ죬滹йӼı־Ƶ˲ڸ֮ˣܿƾ١
ѧԺȻĹϽ֮ڡ

ìڲ̫ǰ󳷡

üǸѡ
ڸ󸨳ܵݣԥˡ

Ȩٴ󣬹ϽҲֻڿƾٷΧڣֻ˲ɣ
ةһ֮֮ϣȻةĴͲմةͷ
ңѻ˾ǣةȦף֮ܲ˳֪ôܷССѧԺ¡

ףҲͲپƣԸˣѻеѧϳȥѧ

ֻ֪ģ³ذƿ׹ī׹ڿлһĻߡ

ѧæȥ

ǰֿȭĳûκλ֮
ƿԺìǰ͢سƶãЩԻĹٶ治ʲôö

еѧ߽ӣֻԼһ鲼£ʲôˡ
֪˭˵˾䣺ҪˣɢԺͰȫˡ

⻰˵ȴѧĬˡ
Σ˵ѾΪ˺ܶ࣬ԺΪǳ׵֪

ĻѸѧ䴫ΧȺ
ǼٵģʱҲûķǵʱȴò

һ׵ĿƣһѧǶµۡ
ĳۣ㴦εݣѧԷûйǣԺִŵûйǣƫƫǸ˻еѡ
Ժ裬ûеʹ˽ɢƫƫһ粵Ļ˵ڡ

˭˵ģ⻰˭˵ģ
ûڣ̫ȴ˵ֱ׳ʮʡ

еŮѧ˿̲סᡣ
һֱŲԺˣСͷô

˭˵ֻ˵ѧԺ̫˵ҵԺֻ÷֮ˣ˵

˭˵ѧǵ־ȼױһɻء
֪˭ǸϳԺ

һӵϣǲ·źĳì
۵ˡˡһʱȺ־߰ѧƺߡ

ŭˣˣ

һȻҡ

˭ڸҶһ£ҹŴã׺ݺݵ˵ֲ䣬˲㣡

ô˵ˣì˳

̫֮ʣ·ûС
ѾȥˣʱӦÿ쵽ˡ

̫ԵͷͻȻ˵غûе࣬ѧԺҰ㣬ҿˣ

£֪̫ΪʲôͻȻô˵
һʡ

δӦ̫תȥ͵سǰȥ
֣Щһ׼һìļˡ

µʲôҲ֪ΪʲôҪ·
·ССסļ֪

ԺԺڴˣΪصĸĸ٣ʱԺñķʽסԺ

˲ϱģֻס̫ԡ

ϧͷ̫ýˣ˵ʱҲӢ䲻㵽˳ìǰ
ûκԥĿڵλײС

Ժʧ

̫ԹȻйƤ̱ڵأҲQ

ۿһȣƲǰľ
ʲôϣ

ãŷӦᣬǼεѩ

ѩˡ




53.   53    ѩˣԩס

ؽѩ, ûô磬Ҳûô

ѩСȴ治ס, մͻˡ
¶ȵĵסѩ

̫ԵڵϣкĿڽѪ, ǰ㽡ʵ, Ҳûѵˡ

侲, ˿̾Щ㶣ȥ²̫ȴŲӺȻƬ̡
ǿԼ侲, ̫ߣܵضʵʩȡ

۳ɷ˿ڣ°ڴ˺ɲѸٲŹ̶ϡ

Ѫֹ꣬ͣˡ
˵ҰԺ·װֻʣ˵صĲ̫ԡ

̫Իһֹֻ֣ļȣ䣺׷
㿴, ʱ˻һ˵졣

֣˿ʵʵ, Ѫǹܿ͸

ԶûԺĶ, Ϊ뿪, Ժô
һ룬ԣʲô, ô޹
ĪЩţ

·棬ͬĲĴҴҡ
ڽԺţһѧΧǣվڲԶųìЩ֪룬ҵ󳷡

˼æȺϢһĻ

ʧеԺ

·סˡ
ԥģˡ
һһٵ߹ȥ/Уϣ

̫Գࡢ٣Ѿת飬·ƺ˿ˡͺá

ƽ̫ԶԳ·ûкɫƢһȺõλѣ˵㽨ġ
̫ûֻ˵һ䡰˾ͺá
·ἷһȿ޻ѿЦôԼģ

ˮתֵˡ
̫Էصһۡ

ǰѣԺαˣǴһֺ̣һֺ׿˺һĴϷǷ̡
տʼЩ飬ԺԺ˽еܱȵģתһ룬ʲô黹ܴĵطɣ·ССΣ

·͵̧ͷףһһٵΪ

һЦ

ͷã˼Ҵżڮ٣·ȴ
米ֱͦ·縺һԺ֮
ѧԺλ״Ԫ񲿶ͣԺ鲯ǮƣϴΪ֪صĸĸ٣ȴδ̤񲿵ʹһˡ

ѧԺָйΪ񲿵ΪԺķʢĹͣ鲯ԺǮȴ

ɫһҪϹ˵

·ıߣĻ֪
ƽƢٺõˣҲͱ˵ʱߵѧԺͼҡǮļ꣬Ժûٳ״Ԫŭ֮£ͨ뺣Ժ״Ԫˡ
ϴ˰㵱״Ԫǲгİײˣô𣿣

ָų·᣺֪ﳯ͢Ǻ

Ҳ֪·ŭ𣬡ֻ֪Ϊ˱סԺٰίȫѶֺã߱ϥʮӭ
ף䣡

һԭ
Ժ׵ķӭΪ˱סԺ
ǻһţ̫ˡ

۵ͷૣԺ
Ժ֪ѧСͯ˿̽εصͷ̫ẰԺ

̫Աۣʱǵʪˡ

·ȻԺѧĴԣԺϴ˶ϴˮҲȷ¡Ժû״ԪûʹͣϴٰѣòǮƣТһ㣬źϴţôͣô档

̫ԿЦһ˵ˡ
Ҳ˵˵ˡ
ǰӶˣ¶١

ŵܡԺʲô£Ǳ˵ɡ
˸͵ǰ˵

·̾ԭǰĽʿ

⻰һһ

̫꣬һ㣬ҲǸ緢ƾٵĹߣмһˡ
вšѧʺãдһֺ£ȻȻšˣһ·˳˻ԡ
ԽԾòĵȴŰ

ڵȵŰĲ̫˳ȥȴѰԼ֡
ϸϸ˲ʮ飬ûУʶԼˡ

ô᣿

һʼΪǻ˲żüã°񵥡
ۼһѧʺˮƽĹشԼˡ

ȥԺȥ񲿣ϣܲԼԾ˻żû
ʶ鲻Ծ

̫һ鲼֪è壬ȴţڡ
һھǼ꣬Ļ䣬һˣĥ˺ꡢڵǺ

֮Ĳ̫ơԡһ˯ǰ£˯Ѽƴԣ𽥴ݱԲɽ

ٺѧԺʮѧԺһСԺ״Ԫܹ͢͹Ӽɹƽ֡

׷ţٳڰһԺֻͼ徲뷨
ȻȻضԺ˸飬徲ĵطִãȫÿѧĹ֮ġ

仰һߵһ

֪˭ûסʳ
ݵķΧѸȺзͣһ̲ס᲻ᵯжҲڴ˿̺ۿ

ִڲ̫ԵϣܸоԽԽ

̫С磺磬һʼ㣬ҡ
ҡҡͷ

ڣҰѧԺ㡣̫þҿ

ģۿͷ

·ͷ˵ϣƽһĲõд

̫Եֱü·᣺ûõġ
û˵ô໰ֻ磺㣬㿴

Ըˡ
дֻѧԺ

ѩִˣѩϯ˵ľǰ㡣
ѩڿл裬ڸһԲϣڻһžӨ͸ˮ顭
زãʹ

Σ·ŭĿס
ױͷһݣʣ·ᣬô

·ޱҲôѣβ֪ˣֻ֣ε㡣

Щ飬ѩˣԩͷִ

ȻѾִˡ
·εˡ

͵ػͷֻãؼ䣬Ѳ֪ʱվĬ
֪ΪΣ˿ûˣʶһ

ðѩŲȣּ죬תۼ͵Ⱥǰ档

ǿ˿۵Ĳ̫ԣʧ磬ʵˣٿ۷Ȼĳ·ᣬŲһתǰ

˸ǿ򶨣ѣҪʲô

һۣڿһˡ
Դгһƾᣬչ

ʥּô᲻ϵá
֮˺󼸲

ѳ֣ͻˡ
ѲӦ̫֮ôôлϵʥּ

ȣˣѧԺеߣһɽɹӼദմˡ

һûվȣ㵹ڵϣġ
ǿ˵ɹӼദѣбﲻɣ

ޱе࿪裬ȷð棬ñ˽ʿأ

һͨһڵϡ




54.   54    Ӽתѧ

Լʮǰ, ǻԣһݿԾѡУ˽
ƪ²жྪ, ˹Ŀڳޣֻ㹻йо, ûǿҵĸ˷, ȴһܹѡʿġ

µղ, Ǹûݱƽ͵컻ٺò
ܷ͵˿, ˲ͬһ˵ģϡ
꣬ٵõһʲƵǮƣڶҲû

ֱʮڸ󸨳֪ͥף֪ⷢԾ΢Ķĺۼ
ֽŵ˷ǳСģһĲϰԭȵּȥ, дһ˵֡

ʮǰĻԣ̫Զ, صϴӹԺƳͷڲ۵Ľ

ڽڼ, Ƿ, ϸϸ鿴ϸڣ׵ֺۼҪµıʼ࣬ضжߡ

ѲŲæ, Ѿңһ̱ڵϡ
˵ǰʱȻʶԿƾٿԵļҲϿץƾټдģǰɻأͱǾܲˣة඼Ȳ

ѡͷЩ㡢㾿ʲôˣ

һЦλû𡣡

֪ݲ򵥣ةȴûѵľְ߹ʶҡҡͷ
òµģǿ͸òµģֻǱһ˿ϣš

һ仰ȫңҾǿƵˣרðǵ¡
ϴˣ·ɡ

㵽״ıҶųìˣһʥּ㹻η壬ץ˵ͷΪŸԤеࡣ

ǰһף˫ֱڱӣˡ

*

ݳǳ˼£ǵ֪ͻȻ̨ˡ
Ⱥˣǲϵãмʶ˵ǾǴµģæ첻˵ˣų֪ļңûˡ

ȻǵĲһ㣬ϸν֣շ޵֪񱻹һȦһȦڼݳʾڡ
ܹѹȣǰŭԣ˵ߵòҶк

һӲ࣬ݿ£Ҳûдǰʢ˵ļơ

ǿͷ֪ȥְնʾڡ
죬磬ٵóȲʣ칫

ã֪Ρ
ݵİ㷣֪Ǹ٣صİҲ˵ε֪ȴ
֮ϲãΪ
Ի´ˣù٣٣

֪ĳ·ᣬڸýг֪֪¹Ρѻ𡱡
һѻ𣬼ḳ˰
ѻӵ
ѻԺ

ѻϣ޲λ֪ڳޡ

仹˸Ц˵ӵİ۹ٲ࣬ԼƵˬСˣȥӵο͵Ĺٲ
͵͵һſšӵˣ֪

˭֪ǾſŵˣЦеظл󣬾ϲ£һڣŵλæ˵Ǹ֪ģôͳء

˵žͰ˻
·Ц˵㲻Ǹ֪Ҿǰ

¾͵ɸЦڷ䴫ˣ˵Цʵǳ´˰ûйټӵ̸

Ҳ˼С£ѧԺԺˡ
ȫԺѧۡʹ죬ԺԺĺɽ˵ԸҪۿѧԺ

ģСԺѧȫˣŰײ׳
֪˹񣬴æϵɽ

ԺŴ

صİղ⣬˵Ժѧƺã
ľϣһλշľ˵ѧԹԺģҿôѧԸΪ֪Ǽõġ

˵еص˲ŵ֪ԭѧԺԺǶõˣӦݡ
ǣɽյĻʱʱǾգʱɴһҰǰܲڻš

·ѧԺΪе
еҲýٵѧˣԼһء
ǵһж֮ףѧüΪ̿࣬ɾȻȻܿԭ֪ʶóӵĶͼֽ֮綼ȡ

һƻһѧѾˣԼơԼٵ۳ȥѾвٽˡ

ԹѩˣȻиĽԺǰհԣװ´ѧ
еĻеѧԺ

кܳһʱ䴦УȻǲ˵٣Ժȥ͸ӳĬ
ĬĬԺ¡

ŲĽӹѧԺȴʼղԸ˺һԺ
ѧԺԺղܣֻǰ
˽ʱ˵ʱˣұɺ

Ĭ˺ܶ£ԺЩĸѧͿ˶м¿йΡ
ֻصæµʱܿСԺĵҹ

Ѷ״̬ܵǣ֪ԺŶЩ˵£ȥɡ
¥ľ֡ȥȥĵطȥѦ̽ˡ
ڼº״̬˺ת

ԺһƬѩһˮɽѿѧݺƬʵð
Ĭˡ

һģŰѧˣưǰΧ۵ûˡ

ֵĵһ
ֺ֣֣ռǰס

ʱǰס


ѧǸк

ͷȥư
ǰģǿнʿ

ôģѧǵ̬ȶˣһƵģöΪŶʧ
ξͺܺãҵˮƽߡ

˵ףм¸ûˣĳɼҲԲԺ˽

ǰߣɲɣӭײǰס
ѡҶ˲ŶУ߱˵ʲô

ۼ⣬һЦƲ̫ʹģ첽
˵Ѿúܣôഩ㡣

˵Ҳû䡣

Ҷ٣񲻺ãֻǲֵķͷ
ǰЩʱգһѱŷģЩҶĴĿȴ÷
˲ŹҶ˼

Ǹղʲôʡ

Ӽתѧ˵˵ԺҪѧԭӼġ

Ӽѧ
ʣ˭ʶ𣿡

Ҷҡҡͷ
Ҳ˵֪˭˵ֻںﱨˣӦÿҪ˵ˡ

˵ڻԺˣӼתѧ£Ҳֻһ䣬Ҳ

˵Ҳˣ˵ѰѰԶĽ

ͷ

ԺҪѧˡ˵¿˷ܣѧǾˣζŽҪѧԺμӾǻԣ˽ʿԺġ

ʣʲô֡
˵֣ܸʶ

˵˵ӦöʶԺģǸҵ϶֡

Ǹ龫ֵСǶʶ

ʺҵĶΪʲôźúõĹӼ಻ǴԶԺ˵¿ѣɫŹֵƺǳġ





55.   55    Ů

ԺҪһλӼתѧ, Ϣܿʹˡ
֪ĴϢ˵λתѧǳģ˽, ͷôԵô

Ǻ˵¸ģ׿ϡ
ϵ˼ѧ, ּʶ㡢½ж, ˽Ӵѧ
գۼֳѧԺĽӴʹ

, ֵı飬ؽõ·ԵЩĲɡ
Ҷͳѣһʱʣô, 

̾˿Ĵ˿û˲˵ֽ֣һȥſڣתѧ֪𣿡
Ҷͷ֪

֪ѧ˵Ϊģһеģ
Ժ˽֪ҶŴ£Ҳ˵ˣҲ֪ġ

Ҷƽ練ûŵ̫, ૵ΪִӹӼ²ֵĿȳ, ô졣

ҶһʼӦ, ˻, ͻȻ⻰Ϣе͵ػͷʵô˼ַѣʲôϵ

˼˻Ӧֱռ, ϵ˼ˡ

Ҷ
ʲô˼

δµˣҲ˼˵ֱ̫ף֧֧ذԼ˵˶䡣
ҶǶˣ˰죬ʣ֡

ոô˵˵ף˶֪
˵ͷ

Ҷָһʲôæʣɺӡ
ġоݣûԺգӼҲӣǳַա

Ҷſ˵̶̹ЩȲס
ѵĲòĿõģĽҲûܰ
󣬺ʲô۶Ӷҳļƣ˵ķǳеʣ˼أ

üֱǸľͷǰЩʱѵΪһܿӵ⣬ٶ۵ˣǰûϡ

һأȥ̽⣬СѴ
пһТʦΪֵñ
ȥ˵֮ЦˣšТ֣߹ۡ

ˡ

ҶʣģŮ⣿

һûҲô˵ÿû룬ֵ˵ȫ⡣

Ҷͬصͷ

ӣĵزű˵İ飬ʵ

ѧǾǺҵĶӣ˵»˳磬ԻﺫϤصĿζ͵Ȼѡ
һϼƣ磬ǷǳбҪϯ¡

ѧҶˣѺˡ
ȥ磬մӻеѧԺһͼֽеѧǲõĿҵ


ͷƽǰȺѧˣ໥Ŷֵôˣ

翴ҶҶ졣
޷µϲǸһȥɡ

ӭѧԵԺ飬ѧйС
룬˵С

磬ȥѰѡ
Ҫ֪Ժ˿ʼҵ°ܾ
ҲͬУһУ粻ס߶ðã;ֿ˴ѹɶӻǡ

ȴûôңšԺիᶼӰѲѾȥ¥ˣ
һȦСԺҵѡ

ӰأĶûȥСԺﵷĻۡ
˵ʱ򶼲ˣ֣ûȥӴְ

϶ǻ꣬æŵûа
Ҷʣϲǰȥ
˽ӻ͵ˡѰѻŽӣܷóȥˡ

Ҷ

ӦѾӻˡʱ䣬Žի˰ɣӦʰ̡ʰӡ

ԼʰҶүʰ𣿡ʡ

ⲻѧʳôܿӦѲذڰ֣ùš

۳Ҫţʣʲôȥ

ָָеСӣʻۣȥ
˵϶ָˣñѧʳȴͶ͵ڿ졣

ҶƺҪѧš

룬ʣ𣿡

Ҷ
У˵˵ġ

ѡŶԲ·ô

˲٣ûȥӣ㶼ˣ˹ѣǶ¡
Ѿ˵ˣǣҲȥ֪Ͳ¸˵ˡ

ѶסŲ˵Ҳϯ
ͷ

ѣһѣǾ߹

Ҷ

ѧҶӺֵĽӷϴڣϴǼңԺһȥģǲ̫Գӡ

ѧѡҶżУһҲˡ

ֻϴμʱӣҲߣ˵ǼС֣ɹŽЦһ
Ȼ紫еˣȿѣüëһһ貵Ц
Ȼ硢Ҷһһ

ɣԺͬһԺ飬ͬ˵

ֻһȦֱԱߡ

˻ûʲôȽҶʹɫ
Ҷİ֣ʾԼҲ֪ô졣

ֺ죬ϯȫԼͣǣʶ

ӣҳأʲôóԵĺģɵôȥ档
֪ѵݣùӼصѧʵںúܣ٩䡣

˼ֵƵĻϣšţﻯŻˮ
ʣźúõĹӼ಻ѧԺʲô

׼˵ǣѧԺǵһûӼģѧ˱һʵĽˡ

νҲ±ҴݣСӸϲţеķ
Ҳͬˣ

ǳϿԽʿϣСϣΪˣˬнŮ֮磬ԶŮҲţ˺ӶԵ־¡
Ҳ⣬µҶ֪ģϴλΪԵʣӮ⡣

ȻСüͷһ壬˵ôõ˵Ǹǲ֪͵ġ

ˣ

ЦЦ㲻˵ʲôˡ

Ѵķܣ˵صķ飺Բ٣կĹСӣڼ̶Ļȥ¥˵ãҲֻͦҵء
ЩǴġ

ֵòЦŸл磬ȻɶѼüŪۡ

ѽյ͵úܣڿҿҵĵۡʦɣˮɫֲ塣

۳ƺãЦŵл򡭡

ӡû˵꣬ѰϤĵõƷƵǰº͵Цţڸ




56.   56    Ĵ

Ժ·, Ҷһһࡣ
˶һۺ˵ãֻû, Ҫһ

Ҫȥڵĵ̣صɫ𣿡

Ҫȥ, ǺӲȥġ

ȥ˸, һ, صȡ
ûҲûñҪͬС

׸вסãʹͬҶʹɫ, ˼ǣ־ǹģ

ȷʵǹġ
һ˴ۻԺյǰЦӣҳէñȫܷһЩ

һҹӸ磬ֲ˭Ӷˣ˵, ź˭ÿ飬ǵͻؾˣԺʳסȫú, ʵڲԼƷѲҪ, , óһ𡣡

֣
Ǽġ

Ͳ󣬳ͦ׵ģ˵Ҫ, ҿԸһ𡣡

Ȱڰ֣Ͳˡ

粻ÿɷ

ֲ뵥˵˭֪Ƹ˵õĽӴӸ˵϶û˵䡣
һƲһƣ˵Ǽҵ̰ɣ㣬һЩɡ

絣ǵؿѡ

Ļ᲻ֵ۶ӣҪСӵҪʲô

ּͬ⣬۾ĵЦһ죬ֶЦЦлл첻ˣλ̨һ

ûһˣƴʲôؿźְߡ

˵ɣ˵ʲôǰѵʵ

ֺٺһЦưģľر˼

Ѳһף˵ʵȻվͽص¸֪Ͻ

˵Ļ治٣ġ
ļƣ˵ΪӼϴԺѧö˼ûйܳɣҾǧ

ֱ߹ۡ
ôڣҲȱһʿεֻһ㣬ǰϹ˵

ͷҩ

Ѱһ簮ԵĵģǮֽҲң־ԶԶؿ

֡õֻԶԶƣǶû˼

ѿһۣû˼ͻؾȥ

ƢãӼѧҸƴڻǣɫ˵ʱסˡ
Ǻֱ㲻ˣԴ

Ѽһ̫࣬𣺡ϯˣҶ磬ǲˣɸһͬѧɹִǶǽҪԵľˡ
ӣԼѧҲ߶ѧ

ֵͷǸͦ˼ղųԷʱңĪң

ЦʲôԺ֮ʵͬǹܸɣԺ񡭡Ŷ㻹ǺܸɰŽġ

Ŀԭô˵ǸҶ͸˼ˡ

ѻǵһ˵Ҷ˼棬ʣô˵

ʵ̫ˣ˵졣ֹЦϴԺ棬΢һĴ𲻳ˣҵң˼⣬̫ʵˣ֪Լʤ֮䣬͹ˡ

֪Ҷ⣬Цȥνġʤ֮䡱Ҷˮƽں֮£Ҫƽԣ֡
˼ȥ棬˼̫ʱǡ

־ѾԶ㡣

оûӽų̶ƽ࣬ŻСԺ
绹û˯ߵŽѴĵķϡ

ֻסի᣿Ӧ𣿡ʡ

һⶼǹϵֵģѺֶԺȥ
իᣬõģҹĻ˼һԼסء

ˡ

˵ԺҲ̫ģĥ¶û

ڶգȥýѧڿΣյĳߣ֪˸Ӽתѧƾ˶ôѧģϢͨģֵӡ

ȴиˣӵĽѵҿλԶԶģʵҶԱߡ

ӼܲμӽѧˮƽȴôʧˡƽķΧɣѧԺϿסһ͸ƨƵģʵ̲סȥҶྡ
ҶѧרģȴԱŵòʤ䷳ƫƫֻƤЦ׻˵ֲЦˣϱûӡ

ҶмѧԵЦ
˵ô˸ôԶλӡ
ǰ֮֮Զɡ
ֿˡ
㿴ֶӶˣûô

Ѳۣ۾Ҳûںϣرϲ署ѧܴ󣬾ĳЩеҲж⣬λӶᵽǰţʦʴڡ

Ҷȴûôг챻ַˡ

޿̣ŭĿƤ

⻰Ϥգۣ˾ͻһҿԽ㡣

Ҷ
죬ŪСܲܰߣ

ֿǸС۹·˷һѣʱ׼ſǼƵЦһҶƴڻķۡ

˿ԼͣһѧĹѾܰΧ˵ֽг
ҶֱͷۣѰ˼ŵѧͻλӡ

ûȵѧȴ˱ʡ

ԭѵĺͻȻһȻɴſϣ۸Ƶġ

ҪװѧҾͻλӣ˲ûͬλҶ˵

ֲ˵ſš

ҶƫͷһۣҪôͺˡ

֣

Ҷ˼Լǲ˵ˣ龫ֵҲᲣģ
ϸ֣ȴ׽ŪˣҶеţҲ˵ˣ㡢𲻺ܡ

֣
ôôʵϣɵÿɰҪʵڲҪЦɡ

ȻЦûˣǿ̧ͷһȦΨһһѣĿ⻹ϣסҲ鷳

ʵûˣͶĿ⣬ؾ֣

ɫԣæ߹ȥʣôˣ

ֽҡҡͷ

Ȼǲˣ粻Ҷൢ󣺡Ҵȥҽߡ

΢΢ͷ

˵ɣŪ

ʵֿͷܸĶѴԼǾŮб𣬱˵ͷ

˭ֲ֪Ը⣺Ҫȥ
Сүˡ

ѡôҲ˵ʲôֻˡ

ߺ󣬽ڿʼ
ѣֲҪɣôͻȻͲˣ

˵ʵҲ֪Ҷ޼ڹӼʱҲû˵ͻȻҽ
ҡҡͷ

ҶüͷšţȻιԼˣЩǺ֣ʱʱ̧ͷſڣû˿˼

ͺһֱѧҲûѵ˲ģȥѰ
һȦŴѾҽˣСԺ

ôԣôСԸôаҲüɻ
Ҷһʱȥѵɫ

ɫȻ̫ã붼֪Ǻ磬ԸȥСԺ
һԲǰ棬Ҷһۣܵϵıŭ

˿ۿСԺš
죬ˣֲĴ





57.   57    ӣС㣡

˽ʱ, ͿſϣϹһ±̽Դ, еͰ͡

͵ˮĹ򣬾ûסˡ
͵ûд, Ϣ¾ͺá

ɫ̫á
Ը, ȴûƢ, ĺӣһ·˳˳ˮߵڣƢȻǲ

綼Χ, Ҷ

ȻûĻǳݵûд󰭾͸Ͻ

ʣȥʲô

ӣſʲôԼûի𣿡

绹ûѵȰϢɡ

ղڽʱֵɫȷʵЩ԰ףڹűɫĲˣ۳ûд󰭡

, ȥ֣ǲ

Դŵòᡣ

պһ, ʲô

һӣ㷿ô¡ָ, Ҫȥ, ˵ĺѧ˵ҪҪ

֪ΪãĬ˼һ, ˵ˡ

һҶӲһ첻Ӳǰ˼Ҫѳ˺˶ϳȥ

Уҹܲš
ʲôɹܣ˵ҲֻǸѧʲôȥһѧ顣
ѱĲٹܣ̧СԺ

ĵס뿪Ȱ䡣

磬Ҷȴ˵Ҳˣܴá

Ļֱ»ȥȻöô˵ˣҲ˵ʲôִ˶ȥ

Ǹѵߺ󣬺ڨڨ˵
ȫȻûҲ֪Լ鷳ˣƸˣʲôأΪԼûʦص

벻ôֻ֪̫࣬ˣдŵζıӸǣĴɣкúȵѼ

ǵģ绹ѼʶѼڼ֭Ũ轼Ӫֽ塣

ֱߺȱ߸жָ̫úˣ

ʵʵġ
ĻЩʵģϸĵط֣ɫãɫ˼֣Сһ߹޵Ѽ

ֲ⣬˭ĶУֻҪóԡ
ֻǺ棬ƧѧҲˣôˣɲǸµĹӼϴ

Ⱥֳ꣬ʰ꣬ںõ𣿡

ֵͷ̫˼նлΧ

ذڰ֣лԺע⣬Ҳ̰ġ

ֺߵصͷɫܸղųԵѼѪ

˵ѣŭҲ֪ȥĿĵԺߡ
Ѱ˼ҪҪߺѾĶؼҡ
ڻź֣ǱˣŻԼ

СӾʲôԻ̶̰գ㻤
ϲ鲻òпɣǰʮﻹûȲˣôúְռס粻ˡ
ԼȲϺ֣Ц

вã־һƬҶӣ

ҵʱպðһƬҶӰܹ⡣

֣û°ɣ

ﲻ죬ȴǸϲɫˣָɫº͵˵ʲô£û¡

˵ÿ䵭أʵĳĺܣǿͬĲŶǰãȻ϶Ǹָ׽Щ

εЦЦ羹ڿοԼͷ֪ӣ޷

ʲô°ЦãԭһΪֳöٻζû뵽ζĳ֡

Ѱڰ֣ʾ±ˡ

ô˵ɽһ죬ֶߵúܽѧҪճһߣżȥϵõļҪߡ

գԺѧѴѧݳӭ濴磬ûиƨţ첽߹ȥ˲ߡ

ѧˣʡ
šѼﱧŸǣ
ЦЦûлش

⼸նûúø˵仰绹ش⣬оо˹ϵҪԶļ
ͻȻͣסŲɫ硣

⻹һκȫ
Ҳͣס˵

㡭ŻӣȻҲῨǣʲô¶Ը˵

ΪʲôͻȻ˵òװȣһж죬ʲô¡
ͷ˵á

ѾáЩܣҪǸЧ

һ·ߵסҲûҪֱ˼ԥ˻˵ԲǵϴԺġӰǷȤɷһ£

ˣԺʱѵǰݷã˲ɫ͵ϵӰӣѺöƵ˼

þܾɽȷʵб¡
粻˼ǸѾͺԼˡ

ѣ
Ǻ֣ӵ޿ײ롣

˵ţλˡ
ֵߵߵҲڣȶѹ˹֣ȫǴкŶ˵˰ɣ
ָָİˡ

һһֱ˶ɡ
˵Ӽתѧǳģǳȥġ

˵ӣ˼ǿҪš

ѣ

һԺţѸ棬֪ʲôҪš
ſȥһ·ĹӴ˿Щꡣ

ˣҪ˵аģ˳˳ˮߵգõĶӵˣ;ǰ̡Ψϳ˱
Ҫǣѻûо飬Ͻͷһأ˭֪Ӧô㡣

ӷǳʹ죬һ˵Ļ˿ɬǡ
ͻȻͣסӣһתԺǰְ̧ľߵ졣

ûãţسѵҰС

Ŷ룬Ƶ˼
Щûɺݹ㣬㿴ǹϵеķϣܲܿҵĸܣ

綼ˣͰ͵ʣʲʲôܡ

ѡúֽȴҾ֮⣬ԼãȴʲôңҲǺǸֻܱҡ

磺
ⲻΪʲôô

˵ݵͻȻƿˡ
վڣָԼϵȹʣ˵İǡǲΪңǳˣ

ѼֱԼ۾㡱˺ð죬Żָ𾪵㡢㾹ǸŮӣ




58.   58    Ůô

ʶ, ˿Ҳ𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲôãβʳôһĻ

ȫˣΪʲôͻȻ岻, ΪʲôĴΪʲô, ԼΪʲô硭

ͨ, ˳ˡ
ֻǡµĳʵЩΡ

Īؿ, ִŮӵȹҲ

ѸɿһǸ˹

һ㶼ӵδϽ͵, һֱ

ѳ粻˼ЦЦЩǸ˼ðʧˣҵĴ

ԹŮӽԺ󣬵ҲȫžŮҲʶ֣ѳ٣װӵԺ飬ֻɲܲμӿƿ, ˻Ҫǲͻؼҡ

籾ŮӣȻź, ƵġŮ޲űǵ¡ͬ, ֻҪŮ, ֧֡

ĳɷȷ涨Ůӿƾ٣ʵû˵ŮӶ飬ǺһЩ, ŮԺֻѧĶŮŮ졢ĵ¡ҽԼ廨ȡ

ֲŲѧǸСӾҰһΪЧˣˣһԺУһΪҳ̲ġ

絹Ըѣ֪֪ɣɲҪ˵ȥ

ѵͷͬ⣬Ҳѭؾɵˣֶʲôô
Ψһ̵ǣڹӼô꣬Ȼû֣ӾǺҴС㣬ɼƵж಻ְ

ּͬ⣬ԾߣȻرסĸ첲ͷһᣬǵؿͷ

Ѳʶȥק֣ӡǸСӣһʱת䲻
ŮװԺΪλŮӵȹҪñ˿ˣɲҪٱˡ

ֱ죺뿪ʱߵļôˣΪװĶװ˭֪ôһȫȹ

֪õİǰðװ

æͷС˵ʱװϴϴ˴ˡ

²ۣһûˣȻҪ⻻ѣͲˣǾˡ

չ˸ĹҶѣ粻ѹʢװİݸ֣ȥԣϲĻҸ÷˵ٸġ

ȥˣѳš

紺ѧԺûôϼɢɢƮԶ졣
˲ˣƫͷȥѾͷСϼӳۺ죬ɷǺÿ

Ϳͣ㾪ޣʤڹһ˲ƣͣԽԽ
Ѷ˼ۣвݵˣȴûǰףȻһʫȴһ˿˿һ֦÷˪

˵˵ɣΪʲôͻȻȥͻȻڡ

ԭɢʦˣѿЦһΪʲô㲻ҽֻӲˡ

ϹӽжȣǻӲլ

ʵǴȥˣһʡ
ǸʱڣЩȻȻ˵ˣû˽٣ͻȻððʧʧʧԡ

֪ˡ˵֪ʲôȥ˵Ļ

ѱ죬ЩţΪʲô

ЦЦΪ̫Űˡ

ѣ
ѣ

ʮǵһ˵Ű壬޿κεЦ£Ϊʲôô˵

˵ŪʵǵŮб𡣡˵ҴɫͲÿռҸһңǹ˲ϱŶ룬ⲻѭؾɵ̫ʲô

ĿҲЦҲǣ龹
ڡ̫Ű塱͡ϹԷɴסѡ˸̫ӵģЦѵǣҸģպһġ

ѧԺģݳǶ˾֪бԺȡģʽѧȥ

֪ȴܾСΪԺģ̫ˣȻһڣ죬һôǻ¶ˣ

ڽͬ˵ģˣæҶģҪ
Ҷ˵ǡ
ÿ¶Ҫ
ҶϽÿ´󿼣ÿѮССǲҪ顣
ǺǴ󿼻С
󿼡

ֵһƤˣˣҸô죬ܾȾ𡭡

֮ûô໰ģȴɻãҶһۣʱʡҲ顣
ҶûŲλӣպͻȻʵԼ̫أһ֮㽫żͬλȥ

ȥ磬ŻſԺţģҪô죿

绹ûǵ⣬ũ𽥿ʼеѧԺѧõģʼ½½Ӷˣͷ®ιʺͼָæļҲӰ

ּһеףǺ͸صģͳһǵ⣬۸Ҳơ
׻̧еѧԺƱװ®
ѧԺѧϲ̵ģֵܷӣǵͶɹɢҰ䣬һ˺гɾ͸е¡

ľǸĽڻеѧԺѧ˼ʱľֵٰǵһϼƣľѧǳ˶١ƺ¥

϶㲻˵

ֿһ߶ô찡ôôùڹӼü궼û£һڶͱ¶ԱҪ

类ģˣ˵϶ᱻ֣Ҵȥ顣

дȱã˲俪

ȥҺ˵¡
˵󣬺˵üͷһ壬װĲˣǹӼĲ٣ҲܹȻⰡУÿ飬һа

磺
治ǹ⡣

Ůӵݲ˵ŷȲ˵˵һĻʹ

־ɥͶȥĿ⡣
һʱҲû˰취æžͱеѧԺһѧˣ˵һ󶩵ҪĿ

类ǿߣֳ̾һԴؽá

ҶϰƲֶ²ʲôҲʡ

ְ̾¡
̾ġҳ֣̾ŵԱѧȥ

Ҷ޷ʣģ

־ɥҲ
ģΪʲô飿
ֽͲͲͲͲ顣
Ҷ

ûſϣֹҪǴھͺˣӹ

Ҷһ٣û˵ʲô

ģܿˣûиͺ뷨ӵʱ䡣
εģǻǰһΣ֮󣬺ܿǾ͵̤ϽϿ·μھǹԺٰĻԡ

벻ôԶֻ֪ˡ

ܸɴ֣ҲǸ

ԺǰѾӣ½½ſھͯ
ÿǰһͰ̾һΣŽߣ㲻ˡ






59.   59    ĿŮ

ڰæ֮ͻȻ, ģҪʼˣҪôɻء
ֱ£æģֳ

, Ҷ١
Ѽɫ̫ãʵôˣ屧

Ҷ, ͷ

Ҳע⵽Ҷ, Ϲʡ
Ҷ, ɫø

ваоͱˣȥϢɡֵǵ

ѿҶһ, ͻȻ˵ô¡

⻰ԸղŹĵ˼ͬ
Ҷ̧ͷһ䣺ǲ̫

ˣû˵ʲôɿҶĬĬ˻ԭλá

ֵǵʵ⣬Լ¶ˣôǲ˻ôˣ

˰ɡҶҶ˵̫ʵϵ˲˵ѻ
˵ţһ, εڵϡ

Żˣһæź, һȥҶ
˵¾ſڣɧ, ĴҴҵظһ, زʡµľȻҶ
ôǣ죬̧ի, ȥҽߡ

ȥæȴסˡ

ַѾȥҶ
ҶƺеʶĲŲŲ̫
˴իᣬϢһҶתѡ

ҽ߻û𣿡ż⿴
Ҷס˵ˣұҩ裬

ΪҶǾɼɼĻԼҩǴ˵ģָʾڰ﷭һƿҩ衣

Ҷˮ£˳ƿڴϡ
˻ҩЧ෢Ժ˵ţڲҪȥһܰ԰ѧݺҡ

ֲ֪ΪʲôֻҶӦмƻˡ

ҶһᣬӰ﷭һƵסǴš
Ѻֶŵˣ㡢ʲôȥ

Ҷַӣֻ˵ҸղŸ˵ǡ
˵Ҫ뿪ˣŷ֣ƽݵҶմ룺ЬӲˣӿ۶ˣҲļɢҹߵ͵ػ󣬾Եÿ

Ҷţϲźֵ´Ժ

ͼдͯһæʣ˭

ҶһҶ²ǴȾҸȥĲǡ

ɳɳģͯһʱû˭ֻ֪ղŷҶȥǺּ֣ϲϵʶΪǺ֡

˵ǻᴫȾ˵ģͯҲҿ̫ݲ˽ȥˡ
ҶԶ˷ֹСֵôô񡣡

˶Ѿ뿪ˡ
Ҷܰ԰ѧݺ棬ѾԼˣε

ҶСܹû°ɣ

û¡
Ҷٰͷϵε˳ָϣ㲻ˣʰīȥԡ

£ʵأ
ùҡ

ְҶӷʲôвù㣬ȥİôҹ

Ҷֱòʤ䷳ˡ

׷κû˼ȳϣۿԺţÿˣֻۻȥϱīõѧȥ

ǵһģĿ죬ȥիᡣ
ȻҶϰ뿿ţûμģ

ҽ߿ģʡ
Ҷһһ룬ѶˣʶļƻΪ棬Ȼҽˣ˵޴󰭡

ҿûд󰭣ۿҪϿˣɱӡ
ҶͷҲ֪εðˡ
棬ûˣģûʣ֣֡Ҳµûɡ

ЦЦ㵹ۼ⡣

Ҷǵõ֤ۼ⣬ʵͬλ̫ˣ˵ǰ¶ࡢ֮࣬ǰҲֻһ£ֱҲŶ˼ȷ

Ƕ㣬ǰ仰࣬ȴзִ磬ڹӼô꣬Ҳû˿ζЦţ뷨Լһء

ҶЦû뵽ô׾Ϳˡ
յȷԼЩֽţô꣬ͷһβʵ֡

ԺſװװεúִԼիᣬիʱַĲǾɼҩԼӵҩΪѾȥҽߣֻϷȫס
º͵컻գźֵȥšҶǴȾҲøͯܶԶ֮¡溫ҲɹԼ㲡ˡ
ڷҩҽ˵أҩϢͺá

֡Ҷ˵ûôʶƵġ

ѹһЦʶƵģհԼʰ̫ˡ

ԭҶͷ˿˼Цˡ

ѿÿģӡ
Ц˵ĴֱҶʵ˶䡣

УҾͲˡǣ߻ЦֲΪģóٽ°

ҶĻѵ˼æ˵ǵģˣǳֵķ˭
ϧԶˣûԺıԹ

Ȼȥ紦һž͵ԺſںþһϷ

鰸̧ͷעеͼֽҵˣϷǻ𣿡
ϵԺţΪֽΧպÿҶεһĻҪȥæͻȻʶԣֹ˽Ų

Ǵһ濴ġ
ҶμģŶʱܻű飬ߵȱ߿˷һʱ䣬ſѲдʱȥȿȥѰ
ȴû飬ôƽʱ磬ű˳

ǰҶļƻԵ©ٳ˿˳ﺫɻؾüı

أ뵣ġ˵
˵꣬شյǰ⣬ǲģ

˵ǡҸһôˣ
ЦЦҪûҵģǵһۣҵϵðɣ

һֺ֣ȻϵõģֻǺúõĸҪ⿴Ѳд̫ãöհ
ѧܴùӦá

˵֣㿼ģѧԺģ鴫ǰһѿƾٻԡ
ȥѰҶ

Ҷѧãһͷѧݣûμģʺ˵Ҫһ⣬Լһ¡

Ҷһûˣնл㡣

Ҷ²ͣСѧݡ

ɾԼⲻˣģ꣬Ҷ̱ˣԻȥϢѧڳҶѧûˡ

ڣѧڲܴͬԷҪϸʡҪʰҪ

ѽִ͵ˣҾһл⣬ôҴƵġ

ϽҵͣٹܽŮ纫ɭأãԴ秵ģʶ¡

ҶǸµˣѧʱһԣҪ˵ɮҸ˵˳Ҳһ縸ĸɲء

֣
شϯ˸۵лˣ⣬ǣ

ȥѽ
˼ӾͺڣĬߵҶߣֵ֡

Ҷ񣺡֡
ǡ֡˭أ˼ľưˡ

λ໥֡꣬ѼԵʣֳȥˣôǹûжʾл⡣

лˡҶ˵רл

صͷţʣȻأ

Ȼ˵䣬Ͱһ۾ˡҶ޹

ѣ
űҶˡ

ɸֵʱ˵ʲôл㣬˵лƣһȥøв𣿡
ӽһһ׵ģҲûԼǱ߽չ졣

Ҷˣԭʱ˵ʲôʱԣ
УΪʲôҪúֶкøУ

Ϊܶ
ЦԪڵ״Ԫǵʣ㴺ȵķӣ᲻Щ
ְԹҲһζ˵̣ҪС˼ߣҴ㿴˼ġ

ҶϡͿˣ˵ǡ

ڿѴ⣬ⶣ˭ģҪѧʱѵģɺÿɻûر֮ˡ
Ϊˣ绹˻оһֱоʱҲûоʲô

žͱˣȥš

һ⣬Ҷʹ˸ɫ˼ǣ㲻Уݣˡ
ɤʣţ

ͷ
ɿʲôˣ
ãȻҡҡͷ

ѣʾһ£˰߰ʾһЩֱֲӱʱͨʲôֽţ

һԵҶȻˣͷʫβʫ

ֱŮɲף̫鷳ˣ㰮ʲôУ˼Ҳˮƽޣȥһɡ

ѣ
ͷʫǶ˵ġ

»أŽݡ
Ҷ˳ڰѲͷʫ˳˪ѩСŮ֪С磿

ѻҶѧϰŮӻģԼҲ˴ͷ
̾˿޹ǡ֪ôҿĲͷʫ

Ҷڵأۡ
Цʵûס




60.   60    Ͽ

ģҶûμ, ǰ
ȻһبŲ仹ѣڶ, ָզզСȻѧʻ, ˸
ûμԺģ, ܿӦֿģʽ, ӵôã˵ѧʺܲҲÿӣ̬, š

翴о˵⣬ҪԣҪԲμӻԵÿѧиס
һȦѺֵ

ѧڣҵ֡

飬ĵػִкء
ѹ˵ģǰҶѵˡ

úֳ
̨, ֣żɽ˵ġʱߵȴĶ

ֵõ佱, ĵЦ

ǡ˵μӲ˿ƾٿԡ

ɷ涨˲Ůӿƾ٣ûа취, ˵ֱ, ȴʵ֪պĴ㣬ѧ̶ȵ, Ϊ

£û⡣
ŮװӼֻ࣬Ϊʶ֣۽Ϲ鱾пۣȡ˵Ϊˣһ
;ټƾٻӳиҵӣһŮʵΣֻһһ

Σ˵Ҳ֪Ҫô죬Ҳѧѧʶ˷ˡ

ĬĬѺ仰˵Ҳ롣

*

һձһůͣʱҲԽԽ

ԺķΧץʱ©ȱһ쵱ʹ޲ðʱá

뾩ǲ;ǸϿҪǰһ¡
ʱ䣬֮ʵڲԶ翪ʼ׼

ǰ׼ʵ٣ҪȵΪμӻԵĿᱸ
·ԺͿΪÿλʮӵġ·ѡһöơƵôСܱ֤һ·ͨ裬վѸ
ϿһͬС죬·˻ɽˣСǻһ֪ǽϿûǮǣҪԴ˾òʧ˵˲״

ɢɢ׼ţ˳գ׼ϡ

³Ņ̀ͷĺӣ˸Ͽ޽ɣͷ
ѧԺſһϵѧվţԺǰʯҾ
ѧԹţ־Գѧ
ǵԺѵҲÿ˵ĳġ

ԺνӣѧȥԣҲԲԺи
ѡ硢ҶֵһʮλˣҪλԵѧ
һԺʮλ˽ԣģһˡ
ģʮ˸ˣнʿˮƽ

ׯ϶ݱԺ
˵´ͯͣʫͱʦǡ

һӴʹƶˡ
ŵͱϿĶ黺̣գ¡¡

ǣҵСӣֳ̼ͻ
ͷָĽĳӡԺѧָ֪˵
Ѧ壬ڷأȻ֣зĲǴͳ磬һ͵ġȶֵ磬Ҫ
Ǹ֪ǻеͬѧĽģõĿ佱

һ·ϣǿ˳еʽı仯
ѵѾʶЩпּʶĲ࣬һ·Ƶľ̾

㿴ǱߵĽ籮ԣ̵ǲС磡

˳źָķ򿴹ȥֻصĵؽ籮ԣһССǣʵʵõģģͣģͷڴ˴岻ԶСٲȻصı־

ڣĴɽӣⶫڻеѧԺҲһܣΪѧԺıʶ
ⲻ

ͬصͷӾʽСҾľٰҲһʶһԺıʶ
Խ˵Խ𾢣˷ܵҪƱʶ¾ͽҰɣ

Ҷǰһ棬ǰòԶȹ˵ĻĿ鱾ƿ̽ͷ˵ʲôҪһţѧԺԺ

ѶһЦ
ְ˵СֹôƵĶ
˵껹յǰ״㿴ˣһͿʼ飬˭Ψһ˵һ仰ѵҡ

񶼿챻ҶѵϰˣѵҲըëڰظ˸״²ۣԩҼ侹شﵽĳֺƽ

Ҷ麣в仰Ҳۡ

ǰЦͼֽʱҵġ

ʲôʱû㣬Ҷд𻰡
Լͼֽʱѻ治ֽīʱһ䡰ī֭𡱣ǡҪ𡱡

ӴϹ˵ģм֤ˣղңҿҪҼ֤˵ġ

ӡء

˵Ҷ̽ͷˣ㺰ͣˡ

һ·ϣϿ˵˵ЦЦֳ֣䳡ʱؽŻܿ㵽ϡ
ǰϵݣ˵Ļǰȥ飬վΪǸǳ͢ԿŴ
ʵĲԺľȥϿȫ⣬ӷҪߣ˵͢ı˲ռײռ
ʵǣĵƶЩûۼ˰ֶŴ

ة壬һѧԺˣ鼫ˣԽ˶ٺãš

ةϲˣл
ۼ˼飬ƺ󣬱ֵة˱æˣһԣ

ةȻˣ̫˼ԲƸλơ
Щѧܵةæؾ

Ѳةʼﰡʲôãǳݵ̨䣬õĶԺеģһ̶ûУǺˣǶ˵̫ˡ

˵ǳԷ®ָ֮ķ䣬ԴԺʳôŻ̻ҡ
ԭзĻϣ˸̵ͨʱŨ̱ƺõĹܵڣܵŵ棬򲻻̫Ǻˡ

æǫãȴһ㲻ԺǿɲǷ®ָģܲȥ

ة˵ǡֵΨһȱةŰ

ʣô

ݹģСƥͷҲ࣬ݵԺӣԺӵĹЩĺԺ˴ţ涼ǿͷͷ⿪żһ䷿Ŵ˻ã涼򿪣طռˣԺͱվˡ
Ҳҵһֵãһ˶࣬ԺŶҪܣ𽥾ͷչ˴ܣ鷳ࡣ
˵ɽ⣬ɵƤһʱģԺѧŵ⡣

ة˵СʣǸǻеѧͬһԺ˵˵飬ҽǮʲôĶ˵
еѧԺӵݾԶûԤԼŲϺš

ѿЦҪеλ˵գ

ة֣֪ü˵õģǸз®ԣƵ
ʣҪǸȥ˵˵¸£

˺ЦЦةˣſھ͸ְ
ةʣǲ۸߰Сݿ벻𡣡

˵Ҳߣʡ˴һֽǮ




61.   61    

, һ뿪ʱةõһͼֽ
ͼֽϻһŵĽṹͼѰͼֽʱ˵ҹϳ, еѧԺķ®Ȼ, ᾡ

ةǧл, ֻǰϵ»еѧ, ֱӳ֣ôͰƺˡ

˵ةЩл񣬲, ˼ҵһл⡣

·˿Ѿ˼ݵؽ磬ʮ棬Ѻͺ֣ûôŵ·գȻη

ҾѾ쵽˰ɣѾ·Ϻüˡ
ʲôǰǸճݵؽô
Ǹոչ˻Ӧڽһ

һ仰㿿, ʱУԵλú, ۵ò࣬˵ȷǽ, ڵһ, أӦ˵

أôһ, ˻Ȼ֣
˵ǲǳʹϹ߲˵ǸأΪʢֲߣһļɫ˽ء

ϸ˵صЦǣˡ֡ǡֺú֣ǡ֡˼ΪֵԵʣٽĽ֮ŷ˼ʲôӢۺúĺúӶֻ࣬ȥֳ˲Ц

ѽ꣬ĿͶ˹ٵߣǻûǣصĶٵҰ뿴Ϊ͢ϹʱߵֲǺεȹģ

صֲط治̫һڣʽʼϱߵˮߵ׻󶹣λϱģȴʲô֣Ǵ

棬ڣ¶ȺʪȶΪƣɲʲôʲôֲܳΪõĺء

԰ͻȻ˵Ϊú˲Ӧùĺܸǿ˵ɫôüͷ壬һӣ

˳ָϸȥǣֻվһӣʮ£üĶšɸˡ

ֻ˽ǰûע⵽ߵĺӻѵرܳȥ
غ͹ٵ֮ԭеũõģˮ٣ˣС˹ٵˣ

ĳٶȲ벻һСǰ棬㳵ݳ죬ȴٶȽתۼ䣬СͷϷ

ĸȻ俴һĻŵˣ̫Զϲ¶ӡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬£˳ڵǰһȦ߸֮ǰѺ˳

˳һ³鿴׼ææԶ

лллллλӳ־СλǧлСڻ

ȵлºûš

ȵļʱûһˣ龪һ˷

λ磬ǲǸ﹩ôģˣղ˾ڳ⣬ûܵˣС

˵⣬λ̾˿˵Ǹ﹩ąȡ

ʣΪΰ

ҪǲŸ·ƣһƱ֪

ǳǰ·Ǻżһ򿴿Ҳ޷ȥ䡣

صֲҪ߲˴ΪӼҲ⣬ʮɳĴмʮ

ֵĵȷǹϹ۹ϡۡסʽӦоУй˹ĹϹƷֶһһĺá
һиϰߣƷԽϡϰԾԽǽ󣬱ԽӼֲȫǽ󲻺ʵҪһ

Ҫ⻹˵Щ磬ϿúõģʵҶѾȫǳˡ
˵ţһƬҶӣֲģȻɫ͸ССĳѡ

һ֮ǰû³棬ֳúܣ׽ɾҼһ϶СӳˣҪǵ˽Ϲߵʱ䣬ȫ˶õԴ

⡭ڳĶǶˣһѣȴû棬˵׽棬еѾͶһȥˡ纫֡

ֻǰȹ/ָһƬҶӣϸĳѡ

Ӳʶ磬ᣬ˵Сĳմϡ

þû˽硰СˣӦһ֪ǽǶ׳棬ϲڸֹϲѣֳǿֻҪ¶ˣһֱѷֳ

ⷬ˶˵ˣ˭û뵽츳ʶ棿
ҲǣڴҰֲһҪƾ٣˳СʱûٸɻʶЩ氡ѰҲ֡

Ҳ۾ЦЦƺϿĳŹâΪԼΧʱ˵¸ʱΪѦСʱԼеѧԺΪı϶Ź⣬ÿƲۡ

ӹ˲ϾССͼʶ㣬Ϊũֳֻ죬ʵǿôźðа취ǧܵʵ찡

淽ܴͳֶЩУ߸ɴ࿿Ȼľ֮ũҩַû˵רĳֳӵҩˡ

˼һ˵һ㷱ֳǿĳӣض㣬ͻƻ̬ƽ⡣ֶ׳ҲһֳǿҩȴֻҪЩ֢ҩһϲɾ

ֳӣһũ̬ѧϣڶ׳Ŀҩʵ̫ˣǸѾֻ鱾ˡ

Դϲæʣж֢ҩ

ûУʼ磬ʾû

ʧ

ǿԼãѣҿԣ֮ܽΣ˵
úúãֻҪֳ棬ϹϹؾǴˡ

˵ζ׳ҩӸ˻ˣȥЪš
г¿ǳ¼ׯǱߵˣ˴Զ˵ˮҿˣҪʱ䣬ų¿ȥ

ũҩѰæʵҲ֣ӽɵϰߡ
̨ʣĲľҡʳʳ㾫ͺǡҾơ˵һ֣Щũ롣

ѿ棺Щһɱ𣿡

ܰɡ˵Ҿƣϰ߽ƾһֺܺõܼܶʣľһɱ֮ȴ޺ר˶׳ѡ
ţһ߸ѽеԭҲ֪᲻̫ǰܲö

ʱֲһ;ѾУֻУҲȲѧϰǧǻۻ۵硣

ũҩܿúã¿һ̶û󣬰˵ķҩڴϡ

ɫ磬¿ҵط϶ǲסǱѰ˼ҿջһϡ

ڶ죬컹ͱջµĶѣϸ˵ѡ
ѹ˵Ϣỹûѣ´Ҫȳ

¿˵ȲˣھҪ

绹Ϊũҩʲô⣬Ҫ¥¿ȥһ죬һѹȻɱˣصþˣԸлﰡ

˵˯ᣬҼллңҳ̶Σ

ûסЦ¡




62.   62    ͥòƽƽ

, ĳĻʶ䷱̶Ȳκһء
˷Ŀˮӿ, þǱøַǷ

ΡׯصķţǾǳϵɵ, , Ħࡢǿĵ, ʱʱװ쳣ɱСسǷٶˡ

ֵԣ඼ˣ, ΪӭϿʱ˵ջн¥󸹬۹˹ݵһϱСռͷǵЦԷǡ
һԱ֮ǿƾٻԷŨ

һ˴Žĳǣ˺صͭľţһķΧ
ûµһǣƣﾹǺɫ, Ҷ˿̶飬̧۴žǵĽֵ¥

, ֻ鱾Իʶд弫Ż, ǼִĹŶ, ۼ侳֪Ϻͼ治Ļ֡

ı, ԾϤԼң¸߰ظܽ⣬һСΡ
Ĳ׷ʱڣ˵ص֮漣˵ν¥ʳֹǵĲ棬˾ȿ꣬ζҪȥԼһ٣˵㴺¥Ĺ¥ٽֹǵõĹȺѧǲ˼ߺ˶䣬͵͵ָЦ

ѵķأ⣬ƫͷѣΪԴ׵㴺󣿡

أʧЦ
ӵϣû뵽º˱ֳ
ûƭ㣬ȷϷԺǡֵط

ǳǳЦˣÿÿ㴺󣬶¶棿
ôᡣҲЦǶ¶档
磺

⻰治٣ѡ˵ͥӵھǿ쵱ģԣسĻ͵Աӿȡˣھǵķҳ̶ֻй֮޲
ھܲ¶¶棬ΧۺͶ½صģһֽīһƪ£ϣһӵĿա
䣬ͷ̽һ¾֪ˡ

ھͷСͻȻһˡͥ
λԪڵ״ԪͷȫʢͥѱȵĻ˭ʤһգ
ζؿһۣλұȣ˭ܻӭ

һ㶣ң
һŷӦ˵ıָľͥ֮ǰ˵£һϹĲɣһ㲻֪ͥòƽƽбӷΣ˵˭ܻӭܴƽ֡
Ϊ˱סףԼš

𣿡粻ŵʡ
Լǡ

һĲ磬ܶջˣǼҡĿջȻ񷿶סˣɼִж

ЦɴǵССȷǡɡ
ӻֺãֻСָˡ
ֺߵС籾͹Ӧ㻹еͬѧ
˵ģ˶ʱѹեͶ

սһΪʷĿջʷջʵڲ֪ȡֵڣĲģŲţ˿˲࣬ϳˣǱס

ӭ͵СȥͷЦ˵ǵĿջûס׶пջʷջ
СǸʵˣһ⻰µѽǿջû״Ԫ̽ûС

ˣ
С˵껹Դʣǻס𣿡

ûôʵϵĿջͻƣڼ䲻־ͰˣСôɰ
Ц˵ס˵ס꣬ǿջˡ
⻰˵û˾ǸԪڵ״Ԫ

ǵҹźȥϵĹ¥ҹ
ȴȰڰ֣˼СֵܵĺˣҾͲȥˣļ黹ûꡣ
ʵЩţһǽŸиʢܾԼĶûѧãȫˣץʱϰһ顣

ʧʼ磬תҶ϶Ҳȥඣ
Ҷ绹֪ǸΣֱӲصͷɴȥ
֣

ȥ
˵ѣ˼ҾǾǵģ򸮺ͺͳԶȻԼͬضؼңҲ֪Ϊʲô
ǲȥҸȥ˵תʣҪȥɣòһˡ

Ҹȥ˵
һЦ

ģκ»ԲǴ£㰴סµһǵģרȥˣȿȥҲ

ţȴĺȴڣѣأ
ζһЦȥˡ

磺
־ȻĻᣬѡڿջ飿̫ϱ߳ˣ

øǳ棬Ȳĳ˿˼Ц˵
绹ǲԺ˵ڿջﰲȫȥˡ

ͬбͬΡ

ѵһͬΣεصĳ¥һ·ն˰˲¥￴˳ճ
ּĵСѲѧʿ

ͬΣεǾǵ֡һʿīͳĵط

һĽ֡ѸֶԣУ˿⡢ٹңӦоУȵʱ֣Щз׷׹ţΪһڣ־ͳһģ

ٹҹУʵ£ôһ䡣

ˡ΢΢ȻµˣǰٹҹСٹĹҪߣ߶Խй

ߣ
ĥţϾЩѰζˣϾ˵Ƕ¶档

ɫȫת˼·ڣԶԶӶֵ֣ǴߣϷȼһŴι״꣬ʹֳħõɫʣ͵ĺ⵹Ӱںϣ԰ֻǰѹѹһƬɾ

غӵǰߣ;С̯ӡ
ϸȥһĶͥĵ
һμǰǰʱʱ꣬ȻھǼ

ҲˣŲæؽ͵ڼֱųӪҵˡ
˵ĺԼһϵûƵġ

ֱ˵Ҿе񡣡
񼴱ٲ£Ҳ˵ͥǸòƽƽ֮෴˫һۣȴ߰˷ѡ

Ѷôһ˵Ҳ۾ͦ񡣡

ҪһͻȻ˵
Ҫʲô
ͥָһľеһҸҶá

Цˣǣ֮ͥ٣ⲻǰ˵ôҪ򣿡
˵ھͥͦã㲻ܱнʿһȥղҲ

ѣ




63.   63    

ջһͥ, ˿޲ô
ֱεЦ

ڽֿһȡһ棬ѵǸȫй٣˲״, ǰźɲСɺ촽¶, ɫе޺ÿ

, ӭһ޺֮, 貵Ĵӳ߶ұĺ죬ϾֵС⣬ǵͽǲ˼, ҵʫƪࡢīο͹ͣȻֻǷƷһƷ֣̾ͳղؼǵ˽

黭һˮʵûʲô֣ⲢӰǵ͡жҪùϸϸоҲж֪ܲʶķʽʫ黭óȴҲų, ϲȱѧļ͡
ҿĴķ֪һּԼˬʧµ

˵, ͷģйӰӾիľ֮, кЩʱˡ

һ·ЩƷ, һһܣ˼ģӻƷƽϸ, רҵ̶ȿɱȺǰͰˮĵˮƽǿˡ

ƪ۲ߡش֣֮㿴һֽдģԾӡƻֺ꣬ӡġʷȲϣֻϧĹ±ûڵĴƷ

ϲؽʵе˵ǱʣҲᣬζ
ͻȻĿ⴩ڶһֽʫƪϡ

ʫǶ̶̵ľԣȴúϤ
¥â磬ʫȤŨع·μʢٷˡ
ѡ

ʫָ˵

ǡ
ҲЩ⣬ʫǵγ¥ʱ뾹˼¼һ·ǣ֡

ʱѳҪĸƾٵͷְӼڸѧʿһֱѰƾٿԵŽ⣬ȻȴããȻ䷨ո¥ϻ貣۲ݷݷѧӣ׳־ĵ׶֮ҲȻʱܼٷ϶˵ĳʢ

Դ磬˼άĹһͬԺģƶȣеѧϰģ£ٵеѧԺƶȫľҵĸı䡣
ãȻеѿ˷ŨеҹͻȻ˵·⡣

ǰʫϸƷʫ֮⡣
дμʢٷˡҪдʢսٷˡĺ׳

λʫȤʡ
ЩƷƷţʵʵڸ˼ҾƷͲסдҪ߼ǲȱģʻģ⴦̯ϰ塣

ĵʲôȤдģڣ˵Ȥ

ѵ磺ʫ㲻ʲôҪ˵;˵
;˵˼ºãôӵġ

ϰ峣˵⣬Ƥ˵λʫ
˵ʫߣѡϰҲһ˵ļƣͻһλţ֮ǰһֱܵ͵ֱżȻõһƪʫīŷ֣ԭСسﻹһλǱڵ״Ԫأ

ֱ֣ʮܵĿ佱٣⻹ǵһΣ˿Щ޵ݡ
۵Ц⿴һۣǵЦҲֵ٩ˡ

˵ǸˣҪμӽ꾩ǵĻԣ֪ûеִﾩǡϰ彲ʱڴɣƺһ㡣

ʣΣ

ϰЦ£пֵļƣֲ֪˶ģǼķɶ³ӣͶ½ѣǾ򸮵ͥӣ˭Ĳɸʤһš

ѣ
ȥע˭Ӯˣ׬⣿

۵׵ЦŨѣҪĵĻ˭
ѿЦƹˤش𣺡Ѻѡ
Ц

ϰڽ£˵ʫ˵Ϊ˵صǸ¥ʲôţŶԣг¥
˵⵹١

ǳ¥ΣҪΪͬеĹ¥һۣӱʫֻΪúһЦ´ͥ˶øʰ·硣

һЦˣЩµ˿̫˼ˣʱʶöŻἱ͵زһЦϡͷ
аΪʲôǸͥȣϳͥûͷǹ

ͷһڱ˽ĹԼ࣬㷢ˣֻҪŮܴ黰
ǣŮ̹ʵһǣݹȥһƣӹ׻Ůǡ

ΰƾôҲͰˣôһ㲻أһͬΪǣҪ빲ļơ

ϰЦеʫλҪҪһȥƷͣ

ôֳˣѼǵãʫΪƾ
벻Ҫ

ǵá𣬡ԭ߶⣬ΪʲôҪһƷ

ѹһЦ˶أ㻹˸ľ
˼תͻȻ뵽ʲôתϰ壺ҼǵиϽľӣ

ϰһ㶣ͷϵϽľΪԭϣĹʦɵӣȷʵһ֧ѾԤˣֻǻûȡ߶ѣҪ

ıˣ֪ٻ֣Ȼ֪ļ̯λʲô
ϰ˵ӱԤԤĲˣԼ

ֻѣͥ治ȡӣͦΪˡ
˭Ȳʲô

ֵĹأǱԤ֮ҲͨĶķʽӮЦг񣬡ϰ壬˵Ķ԰ɣ

ȻǶԵģϰ֮Ըտʼû˵ΪǿͥĶôûսµ⣬޹Ҳһֱ

սԼµ⣬һѶȶûУһӣϰ塰⡱

˵ϵϽľһ˵ŮдڣָǸġ
Դ֮һûôҹصϽ㣬˵Ҫôصʲô

ǮͲ󡣡һѣȻԭϹҲֵǮ

Ǹ޷Ҳܣڡ

ѵµǵʱߣʵ޷μӿƾ٣޾ټ;ˡ

Ŵ⣬ʵǶ˵ı·ģѧǶ˵˳Ӧģ׵Ĵǿʫƪ£ûע⵽ñ˾ټ
мţмգǣҲǾ˶ٿ֮ű
вͨвͨ

ѵҲΪã֪ˣˡ
޳ָպīһ仰̾ɿƾ٣н;

ΧѾ˲ˣ׷׵ʲô𰸡
ҲоߵĿˣŹâ˵úðӵײ룬ӿƾٱ֣ƾٸиҵܿ񲻾˿˵ʱ򡣡
˻Ȼ

ϰ嶼޷ôɱѴˡ
ͥǳ͢ԱʵЩ̫ҵֲƻأڰóǸľСֹҪǱ֪ǧҡ

ˣЦ˵ӦǸصˣ㣬Ҿǡ
ӹϰʸϳ˵ľǰȤԾɻ¡
˵꣬ͷϵľӳ֧µģɣҵתĺÿý

˵ллñĶ㡣
ѵ˵˰

ҪǸμӻԵѧᱻϡҵͷΪûţѧأãŷй䡣
⼸նġ

粻ɫţҲ飬ֻÿչҶ˵ĹΡ

ȥĹ䣿
ջЦǺǵʡ

綼⣬һʵ°ˡ
ȴ˵˸ط㴺󡣡

ϡ
ӲŲ±¶ݣ⼸ǳȥ棬ܴߵĵطӶߣԻзΧܴߵĵطóǰóкӶʧ̬װʶҲ֪һ֣ôΪˡ򡱡

㴺λʦǷ᷿Ϊ˻񣬻Фддʵһ壬Ϊ㻭һɺã
ֽܾĻȻ֮ڣⷬȴ˵ġ

ǰ˹ΰȤʣﻭ߳Ļʦô࣬ΪʲôƫҪȥ㴺󣿡

˹ԣ˵Ϊλäۻʦ
΢΢죺
ͷ

۲Ļʦ˼ˡ
ô

˿˵ǻʦڳ˵ļܣڡλʦҲܡˡ
Ȥʶһλäۻʦ

㴺һżڣźȲ衣
ͻȻߵ죬ӦӯӯһλŻֽĹǱ˲ſڵģ۾һָİɴٲȻǸäˣʲô

ʦڣǺҲԤԼĻ𣿡
ȥ˹һѣλãԼģǸһǸԱλӻ

ä˵Ƚղ˵Ȼ֪Ա߻һλӡ
Űںûߣ˵ã빫ٿ˵仰

ЩЦһ㶼ǸŮôˣûʦӻòãҲûФĵزҪ˵͸ø续

͵ʦҪ١̸µжò

ôˡͦ档
ѿʼ˵ǾǱ𣿡

ʦش𣺡ūҲǾˣʦľǣ֮һֱû뿪

ѵͷлǰͨͽܣͽܳʦŻų¶棬λʦ֮ǰû˵Ǹճɽá
֮ǰΪ˭

ʦٴ𣺡λҵĹС㶼¡ūһأ֮ǰֻʦʦٻ

Ҳ˵ʵǸھǴͦõĻʦֻһֱδʦûɽ

ʦڸѶԻʱϾѾʼܿĻʦ۾λäۻʦȫоٶȼֱɿ졣

ͻȻʶԣһֱھǿĻʦʦȥ
Ҳٴλʦǰλʦһʦ򸮣ϵͥ
תͷ磬ֻЦЦؿѵˡ

äۻʦŻ˵бѵλãߵǰǷǷ˵ˣĿ

ˣ
Ŀ࣬ס

绹ûı飬Цѵӻˡ




64.   64    ˽ѵ

ˡѽее, ֪̫á
áѡΪգΪ̫ͥʢ߽㣬ͼʡ, ҪѧԺɴһֱȥ
ѡ̫, Ժѧ, ֵͬ, һıԺһֱá
μӻԵѧҪڹٸǼᣬΪʱ͸̹ף˭֪·ṻ, ȥѧǼʱ´˿ѵ֣˸ٻҲܲμӻԣȥɡ
ӹһ٣ȵ˾ǣڼָ֮ͥھж¶, 룬ȿ̹, ƽŹ, ˭ȡûȵһ, ȱСѾͷˣ

һʱ֪ηӦЦõؿ磬ŸѾͷ

ƽʱһ, ƽʱΪƵ׽Ūˣȴǰ˸ͷЩ߳ŭζʵЩ
ⳡѵһŲʮָӵЦˣ˵Ļˣ˽ѵǡ

ʵҲӸû翴
˵һμţѳһֺ⣬Ȿͺɡ
ѧʼãԺҵʲô¶ܣһģǾڣҵġΪʱת棬־ǹȳ
ԼǿīơͻȻؾٴʥּΪѾһѧݡ

˶ݲ򵥣ֻ˶ûͥ롣

֮ѵĴʹ˵λ̫ͥˣͬò˫ȫͬȫǣͬԼܴͬЦһ˫һۡ
ɵ粻ɣŵеˣμԣڽϿͥĵ񣬵һڹԺſڣǸīƣĪйϵġ
ǣδ¶ͥﲢش

żУ˶Ƭ̣ԶͬʱЦˣûй˽һ㹻ӵķʽ¶Ļɵ˼ңֻǡûӡһ˲ǻǶ͡

ҿżǸäˣȻ۲ϹҲϹˡ

㴺һ¥ϷĵطæƷྐྵӣ̨һм̨ûգЦʲô

˵λؿͣߵĶߡ
˵˵ˣߺˣô꿴˵۹⣬¶ž
ҲǹȲ֪ء
㲻˵ҪΪôֿһ֪ˡ

ǽεεЦ翪ţ㴺ǿеĿţ϶ĸӺÿ

˵ţ鲽ӵĹзĹ⻪ɣģЩ
ǣǲƼ˭˵׼һ

˭ѽѲƼˣɴû㴺ˡ

ɲ𣿸ղŷȥż䣬ſƺӵʱȷұŷۣӣ

ڹ۾ȷϵͥӣǱӣ
ͥǧȷ

ǣżһʮɴʦϷӣɫֲҸһһڽè⣬ͼŷƼˣһΩΩФġƹŮͼ
㴺Ĵ辭˴ƵʣǼʲô˵ôź򣿡
ǸϽ˸ꡱƣСǵŷóء
ֹˣСϹӻʦͦģġ

żѵһ񣬲ò˵λäۻʦĻ治۾ľϳˣⲨ

лʦȻл뻭磬ѻֽС
裬ȵͲ衣

äۻʦǸģӯӯһҪ¡

һҪζҪ򿪣ŷҪˣ
Ĺ۾ŽŲλãҪǰռݡ
Ⱥƽλ˭˭˭ôء
ôģ֪˭ײ˭˭ûվȣ㰤Ұ㣬ͬʱʧȥģһѷƵĳҹȥżҿˡ

뵹صڹ˸εĶӣʦҲֹסŲͣ
ˣ

ЩݺݺǳģҲû뵽ôߣһʱҲ֪ôӦֳˣֻֻĿ⿴ӡ

˼ʱ䣬ͻָ˴ݣƵʻڵϷ㶵ˣλŷʽһ񰡡

ϵĹֻڣǰˣߵͨ죬æȹͷӡƵĴˡ
ʦˡ

ѣ

Ǽʶˣ֮ǰ˵㴺¼ôԾԲ顣
뿪ǵһǹµĸо

Цʲô°㳢Ͳ裬Ǿߡ

˵Ͳ裬СŽˣ˱ǸͲûˡ

ûˣʣûҶ˻ûģ
㴺ͲǾһҶѩɽµѩˮɣζƲҶˮǳɽϵȪˮһֱñ¶ȡ

ûĴʦʱ£ˡ

˵ٺȡ
ȴŵڣҸ㡣

Ͳ谡ʦڣҿΪ
ʡʡĻ谡˼Լ㣬̫ÿˡ

ǵżûٹţղһɢĹǣΧ˹ûϵ˼ɴſڿ˸ʹ죬ѣһ¥ϾΧˡ

ѳôĿ⣬ȵŲߣһֵŷʮ°׹䣬滺רעֻΪǰһ˵Ĳ衣

ѰɲյƵǰЦӯӯ

绹û˵ʲôһʹϧ˽
ԭǸǹݲ谡ݣҲԣ
˵⼸ؿһֱλɣ֪ĸҵС㡣
ӶƣȴһֱڣҲδﵽǺηʥݲ衣

˲²϶Ǹ󣬲ĸС㣬ҲǹĳλŮ
ȻλŮȴĿĿУϵĲյɾ͵ߣһͷɡˡ

ǣ
ŮôƷ

˲ǣ龹Ȼûκα仯ǳЦſǰˣܻˮȻЦʣú𣿡

Ʒºζ

ӱˣ۵׵ЦøŨ

ĹסĿڣ㶵Ҹоңһ飬һ߻Ųߡ
ҲǡҺᡣ

²յǷҪô˵Ȳ𣿡

ҲԻȥºͺ͵ϲȡ

һ仰һڵ
ȡ




65.   65    Ҷֵͬ

ͥؾ, Ǵ㴺󴫳ģҲͦķӡ

һӾæˣٸߡԵá࿡, ζҪͬʱӦӭֺõ¼ԱþòֿѺͰﲨŮǡ
ԻԽ٣Ӽ¶Ϊ, ˹ԱŮԼ, ֿӰ, ôƶƲģҲơ

ȥջѼֿѻǺܿĵ, ʮֿҪ˼ᣬȵľ

ӰʵڱǸŵ̫ˣһȫˡϯ䣬ΪӰƣǽ͵

Ӱذڰ֣֪ѵĴһƾֱ˵ҿˡ

Ѷղؾ, Ƕûɣֻ֪æһ󹤳̣ΪǮˮḶ́

ǡӰֹһ, ·ҺѽƽģǮǳ͢Ĵ, ȥΪɺʳճ, ޽ٽˮ⣬ҶСˡ

ȥ꿪, ʱɲǰˡ
ԭй鶥ţ岻ãڻˮ֮ǰǹٻ磬Ȼϻû׼ˮ϶ˣ˾˶ͷϡ
ϵ˼ǣǮˮ޳ɣӰ飬ͿԻؼˡ

Ӱᣬٴ󹤳̣мҲо飬ȥԥ˲£˭֪ôѡջ˵캮ض˿ůٲȥ

ʲô⣬Ǿḻ˶סˡʡ

Ӱˣ⣬Ǹ޲ɡȥȥǮȵ㣬ѡһλãʱŷ֣֧Ų޽ˮ⣬ĿԺܴ󡣡
˿˵Ǿֻܻһ£Ǵ⿪ʼģ¼ֵܱǮеطص㣬ȻûһС

Ѳ̫ˮ̷£Ӱô꣬Ҳ֪ЩƤë
ȻҪũˮӶΪʣˮ㣬ˮҲ࣬ûкʵĳصʲôԭ

֪ʲôԭ򡣡Ӱͷ۵ڿˣûκǰӣˢӵĺӵںӴڣûֿԡ

ѿЦ˵ˣ뵽磬Ȼ֪ΪʲôܾܸӰһЩ飬ҵ취

Ӱ鹾һתսʣϴȥΧǸͥܲܰ

һȥˣᵽؽΧ£ѲæƵġ

Ѻ²ɵģרġ

ӰҲΪ飺ܲܽģһˡ

֪ܲܽⲻΪ𣿡˵һˣ˿ھǣҴȥǡ

ӰʱϲЦտæҪˣѺĴˡ

Ҫȥ磬᷿ͻȻһˡ
磬ɫҴҵģѳһⰡˡ

ѽܣʣˡ

ٺܿ죺Ǻֵĵ֪ʲôԭҹˣҪؼҹߡ

ֵĵǺϽ򸾣ǿ˵һˡ
ѺӰһ̸ۣȥֳ

ֳڿջһ¥ÿĵطѵܺӣѵһ澰Ͳ٣ѾΧӵˡ

˸ߵ¥̨ףֿҲȥúõĺܰȫ

ǺϽϵ˽ܹӼ˻û㣬ȻҶȥأؾô춼֪ؼңҪҰʲôʱ򣡡

ѡ˻ܾú⻰ƺҲΥ͡

˲ĸһ簮СŷɲţɼѵСŮ

¥Ⱥ˲١
˺򸾣кֵĴСܣɭͺľӼΨһŮؼҵġ

ͬΪ٣ȻʶЦݵع֣ˡ

ǰ÷Ҳ˼ŭһȭˣˡ


ɭͺľֵϳѣʧٴļͻȻˣ˻£Źưá
Цŵͷ

ľҲϵãйһӵ֡

ҲڣôҲѧֻ˵һȰ

ӰȻˣ۾һˮˡ

˴С£ºֵֳֻܷػȰһȰϽ

ѾȰһˣʾʵΪѵȥƸ˵ӡ

˵Ӹɿһ˼²ð졣

ĹִǳģǰڹӼʱһʱ߽ѧȤдľ˵ԼλѧʮĬȤ־뻻ȥľǱӼǷõģȥѡ
ѾҵʺԼѵãȻͬ⺫ľ£˶ҪĻȥˣ˭֪±֪ˣӲǴӪгȥ˹Ӽ࣬Ѻ˻ȥƾô˵һѣҲûȰö

عҲǺ

ôͻȻҪúֻؼҡȰҲȰѺЦջסĶǽԵѧҰ飬ϻҪҹԽѧϰʲôĵġ

ӰҲԱǡ

ѺӰʱƢˣüҲǽţһɲŭࣺСȮӶղżңʵڲͷ¶档

ŮҲǸ֪ŮĹػȶӶ൹ҲʱʣգֲܲμӣʵؼȥҲʣѰĿͶ֡

ֽĸ첲һҲҾҪҡı顣

ѶӿЦѶϼ£ҲȰ
ߣʣҶأ

Ҷڷ飬û˵
Ҷӣ²̳ܰС¾Ҷѧա

֪ڳλȰǷºֵģɴλȰȮҽձҪߣû

־֪ϵ߻ؼⲻһᣬק粻ߡ

קߵ˭˵Ҳûã

սɳŭʱɷʮŨأϷʮʮɪŲҶ˵һֲö˵ʲôպⲻ˱Ҫؼҵˡ

ʱͻȻĽŲһҲʮ
˵ͷѺ¡

˲Ҷ˭ҶɲҲһߵǰ

üѡӰԼֵˣżݿǰȴûйǣԵ˭

˴𣺡ҶѧԺѧֵͬ

˭˭ͬͷһ֣ÿ

ҶãǰŲһʵʵں棺ߡ

û˸ɱɲۼڳô֮ϣһȭͼϵ
ֱЦߣҪϵأ˭

Ҷ촽֪ΪʲôֻȻִһҶ˵šҶվûֻһصǰ
Ҷ

Ҷһƫͷû˵

ɱ֮ˣҶһʵ˽ϣ৵һգڰ
ڳҪǿͣļ޽νмСŵֱˡ
ֱͦҶԴȥҶȴ˿ִִֵֵˣȵľ˭ִ֡

ˢˢؾҶ֡
дƷͣҶͷֲȣ°磬ҶļǱѪģɡ
ҶֻգۣĽεˣվıֱ

˴Ӿл
˵⣬ɴ˴ʵڲ׶䡣
һȥǰԲͬǺ¡
ƳһҶȻº˼ԼȰ

ؿҶջسĿԽںϣ˵Ϊ֮ٴ

ãȻصͷβŷ֣⾹ͬ˼û˵⣬С׺󣬵ˣ硢ѵ¶һаЦҶ˵ġ

ûۿƵģһ˦ӣź뿪ˡ
ºò壬ȫߡ
ֻӲػһ䣺˼Ц




66.   66    ׸

°, ǻԡ
ǶһСĵطǻԵص㡪Ժ
յ磬ӳŹԺʯ, ⳡƽֱϵĺòͷ
һ磬ȫصľ, ˮһӿԺſ, ͯ͵, ӡԼͽġ

ѧԺӦԵľ˲٣硢Ҷ˶˶˸ʦ񣬲õĹ֮Ժ, תԺȥ

վѾ뿪ջˣ죬ΪڸѧʿӼƣҲٲˣѾ֪ݣûѹ

ֵڣҶаµ£ɰжˣϲ˵, ֻҶ飬һ֪ô¡
ⲻ, ˻Ҷء

ǲܿˣҲǿ˲ܿʵ, ±Ű, ȥҶģ˳ȥԵĸо

ѧڿջӰ, ˸˵Ǯˮ£δϸ˵ѵ£Լ˽ϸ̸

ֻ˻ջͻȻһҶˣ˵硣

ʣ˭
˵С˵ˣд󳯻ᣬԼС˵һȡ

չд󳯻ᣬҲ˵ˣӰԼæˣڲɸҶ
綼ڿջţһ£طǮˮȥˡ

*

д󳯻µڣĵ۸߲֮ϵĴΣ·ڷվٹ٣ٹųֳ˰壬ϡ

ҳƾƶƣƾٷƾ֮㣬ⶼʥϵӢ֮١ĳǰУְƾѡ֮ţӦߣҪԸˣˣ֮ͬ׶ѧ䡢̸ʫ飬սĩá

ĵ΢΢ͷ˵

ϡٹ֣ƾٴƹȻΪţɳΪΪƿɢıʵ١

ϹԱ٣ѵ޽ةȻҲڣڣȫѣָðԼܿյȨû

ԣ޽̧Ƥ磿˵ϴпƾ٣Ϊ˲ɣ

ЦЦ⻰ڳأǳة֮ڡ΢ţش˰ܱ꣬£ҶةþӾǣֻǲ֪Ҳܹةࡣ

ۿڲűۣ޽ӵĶ֡
ңпƾб׶ˣһ͸ĵ˽˵޽ڣʵڲ֮١

Ȼĵ۶޽ͻȻ廰ʮֲãüͷһ壬΢˵

Ƕ˵ģ΢΢һǣصĿƾԵĸ

ص˵ˣǲĵͣصĻеѧԺȤ˵ȥеѧԺ˲ţ

ӰͻȻ̧ͷӻϿɵ׼΢ȱ֣æýͷöˡ

һƬЦϵջг

ĵ۽鲻٩ӰȥȤѣͻ𣬾˵ѧԺĹͣϰûȴ֪㶨ء

ǰѹͷϰˣЦӵó·ۡ

ĵ۵áֽ̧ܹܣּصԼΪԺѧϰѧԺģʽƾ֮бĳ·ʮУг״ԪĪһС

ܹܼĵ۵ĻúԺּ˵شּȥˡ

ͥĵЩĳٽд󳼱֣׺仹֮ϣ֪ȥףϹ˰깩ж٣

Ϲ˰Ϻͻ⣬ǲĿģҲԼܴĿ
꣬ĵϹ˰ҲǧֵطԼĪǧ㶥ˡ

ѻ治֪·ṩ˶˰ػϣ֪

ĵֱ˸ָһǧ

ڳһ㸻ûܹһ깩ġ

ҲЩ죬⻹ǳ·⸳˰֮Ŀɼؽı˶
ӹͷϣûڳ·ô󣬵˵֪з

ĵ۵ıڳ֪ѼӹٽȴſڰѹƵ˼֪ϡ
˵ߣߵϻͷμĬĬһԹˣһαӭ

Ǽ֪зҲȻ벻ԺĹ͡ĵǷҪݹ͸ˣԵʹˣ㶥ڸ׸һְɡ

һԾ

ĵε⣬Ҳ˵ǳεģͥڸ׸ӼһְةеݣһξͺѰζ
˵ԭѺ޽˻ǰؽ棬ֱվ˶档

޽΢ɲüҰѲñ̫

ʶƴǣǸˣֻܺԼһĶֵصְ˿ƾ٣׶ˡ
ةΪУĵȴڼܿ޽ȨλϣⲻǸӼ˵ì

ǾĬӲƾٱĵĬģĵ۴˾ٴ⣬ҲһڻؾˣֻӦ£лϺ

޽ɫҧҧƤЦݲЦתѣ׸ˣϲ
ڳŵء

ڸ˼һĻãة൳޲ð׸̻

ӰѵѣֿܶʼɵĿУתߣǰһϣʹͥܲҲġ

ĵŶǹ˲һ𣿡

ڳĵ׺ЦջЩ

Ӱ˳˵ϱȤ΢ȲǮˮ⡣

ǮˮΣĵʡ

Ǯˮ˴⣬в±ɲˡӰǰһԮ϶׼

ĵ۱Ķ䣬ҪҲǸˣӰֻƤë֪ȶѣҲʣֻ˵Ԯ룬ֻҪܽǮˮ֮£Ǵһ

֮°ˣة൳û˼֪飬ɫƣڵʲôƵġ

ע⵽޽ɫ΢΢ü
ʱ䣬ӦڿջҶѾ˹Ժں֡ͷ͵һݣ˵ҪҶȥԣ֮ؼһǻؿջ

ţͻȻһС̫࣬С̫ŷϣֹԺһԡ

ĵһüͷʲô˵ȥԵĹԺȥ֣ԴҪˡ
񲿵أ飬òͱˡ

ػϣڵšС̫µݲһ㣬Ҳ֪ôˣؽ϶ᡣ

оá
޽ȴһ붨ģ·һоС

ĵۣʲôݣ

С̫Ǻϵǧ𣬺֡




67.   67    ʥ

λ, ھ֪£ʲôʱðһλǧ

˿ҲڵڣһǸ, Ҳޣղн, ֻ, ö˯ˡ
էһŮ, ĿʱԲˡ

СŮȷʵ׵뺫Ҽҷй, ֻúöҲйأȺִһ㣬Ѿˣȹӵĳڣ纫ɭһܹӼ顣
ѵܳһʱ䣬СѾͷ, Ѱ˼ŷӼ಻ʲôطжˡ

Ǿǿƾٻ, ܵԺʲô
ͷֳһõͷѧԺѧ, ȥԱ˰ɣ
Ůӿƾ, Ǳֹģһ֣ɱȼдлߵдˡ

뵽, ȻҲ뵽ˡ
ɺֲɵӣ뿼ԣҲԷԲΪԺһ顣

С̫ſھ˵ʵʵǺС㣬ʱֵģٴ˸š

ĵ۶ԺϽȷǹң

ɿһػϣȷʵСŮ
ʵҲͦԩû˵ӣֻȥӼ飬˶ΪλӣڿഫŰѺֵ˹ӣ⻰ȴû˵

֡ĵ۱ŭŮȥԺʲôʲôԵҪֹԺ

С̫أСװӽԺμӻԣơ

ܡ
ôܡ
Ѻͺͬʱڣźɵһжװȥμӻԡ
ѧԺģ֮

¿ɴСС˵Ůӳӿԣȥʩ̣ٹһˡ
ƾѵı£ܱסֲƤ࣬ɾ˵

ƫƫ˾Ͷء
޽Ŀڵӱǧ𣬺һĲõĴϷ

ֱίߣʣةлֱ˵

޽ֱ˵ˣҵӸѧʲףҶǾˣͬμӽյĻԣǶнʿĻûаǰ׵ĿܣձȨŮĹ٣⳯ϡ
û˵꣬ζͣסˣ˭û˵Ļǡ⳯ϻȫ㺫˵ˡ

Դ󾪣ⲻǰǧѹ

ĵ۵ɫȻԵܺ־ΪʲôŮװȥӦԣ㶼ñӡ

ֽţ黢˵ľ㣬享ϽձȨǱӶѣ㲻ط
һȭϳӣϳӾǣһʹСŮԩ

˵꣬µ

ۿһ侮ʯϷ룬޽ûֱӶ𣬺ֵҲǳźȥģǳ׸ġ

Ȼ޽һתѵҼǵãӼѧŮװǱڹӼôãû𣿡

δѵةΪҪáǱءһʣĳŮӲܿƾ٣û˵ŮӲԺ

޽ҭ£˵ɺַҪȥԺӦԣ͵óˡˣ̲ʦ֮裬ӼƵһְû𣿡

ѣδжۣةôŸ˶֪ԩˡ

ĵ˳ǵֽۣͣ½񲿣ôô죬׼˽಻ԩС

һ仰ǹ׶ۣѲסüԵǺֵĴ㽻񲿣ǹҲˡ

ԺһŮװ¼ºܿ촫˾ǣȻҲ˵ˣһӦǺֳˡ
һΪֻɵȥԣм䶨ᣬǷͼֱֽ¥Ժķȥˡ

ĺܿ죬Ժʱɧҵĳ滹ûճֱ񲿵סֳֳìĹٲţˣʰо֡

öţǰһ˾Ƶĺ

ֳǹٲ˸뺫ֽһЩĵطѹô£

ίί˵װԣûμӻԡ

֪˵Ϊʲôץ㡣

ҶԺǽȥҪ뿪мץң˵Ůӡò壬Ūغúõݣô͸ȫǽ֪ˣô֪ģΪʲôҪŮݿ԰

һδСǶûá˼ŵҪ⵹ˡ

Ҹô찡Ⱦҡ

簲£һʱ䡣

뿪ԺȥѣֱſڵţӰд󳯻ᣬҲһڹ

ϣûѣȴֻӰ

ɡסӰأ

ӰɫҴңû磬æɲסʣô⣿ͥ˵¡

æʣô

Ӱ̾˿˱˵ĵˡֲǱץŪһźֵĹʣ˵յΪ̵ġ

ôܣһ㶼ţָղ˻ڹԺſڣʱͳ

ڹѣ˵仰֤ܵġӰĵ۾ʺֵ˭ͥŵǣ浽㣬ȥȥѧԺ²ᣬֻ˵Ϊƣѧ֮֮ˡ

ſ˵ºֱץѽ㣬ӣƲν

Ӱ˵ͥͺûΣգ취ѺСұƤ֮ࡣ

ȴĬˣһͻȻˣԡûƤ֮࣬Σյķѡ

Ӱʣ˻

һʼǳȥģֱŮӦԣŮǺһ˲ҵҲĶԺô˺ֻǸ赶ɱ˵Ĺߡ
ڳĶ࣬޴ֻܴӹĹӼ֣øϺ£Ƚ㣬ʧȥƿأٳ˲Ϣ䣬ֿ϶ڼʴȽ˽ͱˡ

ӰһһҪٵƣоǶ練Ӧ֮𾪡
ǸῴƵˣƽʱǿ㣬˭˭ﶼ֪
ŵǼ죿ܶԳƷô͸˵һ˿©ȫ˿̵ʽ

ڸô죿ӰٲȻѾ統ĹǣԩȥҶϰæ

΢΢ҡͷѺͺ޹ʱݺǸڻԵڣʧƣҶҲܵһһ򾡣ֻ˾ȳ̫֮ˡ
ҧݣʥ

һϣӰһɲɣһûãŴ֮ͥｻõĹԱ˵ҲΪ

顣˵˲Ǯˮ֮𣿾ͰѴµӡ

ӰૣǮˮ⣬ڴ֮ϣȷʵԻ˵£˵ҪһԮ´ԮٽһҲ
һģãʥ




68.   68    Ůˣ

˵ܳ𣿡
ֻô˵, ʣµĽҡ
ã

еµĵӡ
Ǯᶽϵģ˵꺵, ũɣȾˮ㣬ߴٹ˿Щˮ޽á
Ǵ߹, ʵǴĵ۵, ĵۼ, ӰŻż˵ǹеĺǮĳ֣ĵôܲż

ټ, ӰϸžˣŸԮ

ߵϡӰʰ

䣬ء
ֲݳĵ۶Щļֱʣ޽ˮ⾿ʲô鷳˵ǸԮܷ

Ӱ࿪ػϣǮʲʺ޽̣λԱûޣڳԮλˡ

ĵǰ仰, üͷһֱţô˿˵û, Ǯ޽ˮũɣĴ㣬Ҫϣ, ʳҪ, üͷֱš˸СŮԮӰĲϷŪޣ

֣ĵ㹤ûˣĳû֮ˣһŮӵԮ

Ӱæˡ, ȥ꿪ʼǮ鿴֮ļ¼䣬۹ǰ佳ˣ΢˸鰡мֱ֤޳ˮģֻλˡ

ĵ۽ŽɣӰ֪ģͶ·ѰԮԮλûŵİٹԿίʵԽܡ
ɨǰλòһȣ̩Ȼ򶨣·˿̲ӵĳеµԼһ㡣
ϣ˭

粻ش𣺡Ůˣ硣

硣ĵظһ飬оƺ

̫ܹѵϣλӮӼ硣

ĵۻȻӡ󣬻ͥǰ䡰Ůвš
ŮвŵҲŪī黭ⶼûʲôǸԮͷ¶治˵ҪȥɳʩֳŮӸġ

ϣѾѮٲĻ˽ũʱӰ˵Ҳţ߱߾Ͳ̫ƽ飬͢ĲȰ

һֱĵ۵ͷӰȰ˿νһеģĵ۲ԥãλȥǮ鿴ܽˮ޽һ£޶͡

ӰǰĻǰ̺õģʹǿǮˮҪԣûͬȥ޽ˮ⡣

ĿĴɣ˿Ҫ£ȴ粻ûҪߵļƣǰ

ϣ޽ˮӦǹ£ٲȻҲǻʼĹԱǵְصũŮûֱӹϵġⷬνǡڳԡŵӰһ飬ͬ˵æƺŮǸŮӶ

Ӱæǰȥ磬ﵨ߯ˣҪǵûϷŭٽ磬ôͥｻ

ĵ۰ڰ֣ʾӰ廰תͷ磺Ŷ

ŮûϳϣŮӲֻѧϰŮĵ£ҲΪЧͣΪ

ССŮΪЧͣϧԶײӡ
ĵ۱ⷬˣֻ类᲻СŮ԰ˡ
ܽˮ޽鷳ޱŮҲΪ

΢ɲع˹ǣ֮ԣ׷

ӳеµӰһŶϵ亹һ߶ˣԺڻǰɲ˵ˡ
ЦЦλССŮӣСŮӳ״ԭ
ӰЦ⵨ӸͥﵹڹƲᱻţǿС֮˰ɡ
ǣʣѺͺô

ӰѾȥˣ̫ͥ갡㣬ûΣգں֣ҲȷԣѺΣȴδ̣ЩΪ˺Ͻء

ģǸеӣֱԵˣǽվͶȥǮ

ǮᴩĳͼĺԴڸɽۣ֮мС֮֡Ƶأ޽ˮĵصؾڣҥǮǮء
ɼ˰޽صѡҲһ

һأӰɳüչŹ̽ʵרùߣһȥȫɳ״û취ܴ󹤳̵ġ
㿴ȫʣˮҪĵ棬޳ɣҲ̮ˡ

/˴ģûϿɳϸǵɳɳд𤣬з΢΢ɫϸйǳġ˵ζ

ӰҪǷִʦʦ̣Ǵӽṹص幤̽Ƕ֡
粻ȻΪʳɷ֣Ӱ̵ĵʣپȾȡ
ҪмʵңַӰɷֻֻһ˫˵ֱֺۣ治ɷ֣

翴˿ܣΧũԶһǴ䣬Զɽ֡
⣬һĳЩѧרҵõֶΡ߷õ顣

Ӱ֪Ҫȥ߷ã˵湻Կ͵ģǹˣҵǳ£û뵽һҲܵס
Ҫӿ۵ֱ
ҪȸᶽȥϢȥ

ͷӰλɲ֪ǼĻ۵ģһӵĺһˣȻȥЪϢԼȥС

ӰЦȰ˲ɷȰôùһ˶У̧ű߱˵Ҳһ磬Ҫˣûͥｻ

ʲôǿӽнȳǹӾˣǵQ

ӰƷ⻰ܾǴͥĻȴĪǹػζһ·ͣģɲǵĽʱί
ζЦЦĽŲ

ӵԶиСӣס٣Ӱδ壬һˮСӡ
Ӱ˽סѯʣСͦʣʱش֪޲ԡ

Ǵﶼʲô

Ӱû㶮粻޽ˮô˼ʲôˣѲƹС磿

С¶һڰСװճɲã۷ˣҼһ֣ǰճɺõʱǮ

ǰҲС𣿡ʡ

ǰҲ֣Ϊ˶׬㣬ЩϹ߲ˣǶǺöǰˣСʱɣڶû

СӼҾסͷ˵Ѿ˼ſڣĺӸɻһӰһ߰ˮˮװ

ũĿˣСӻи͵үүүӲôʣЩմ˵
ʹˣʱѣʱͿʱϲӡСӸ˵
˵꣬ͻɽ棬ϲ˲䣬˼˵԰ɣϲԵģ

˼ɽЦЦﺬԡԡ

СҲЦˣۼĿüë˵ˮİɣ˿죬˵޵ʱҵ͸˵ԺٹͷˣһֱϵҲû

Ӱ⻰еҲס˵Ҫձȴ·ϳٳ

޽ЩѣˡͷָԱӰλǹɣǽġ

СӡϡɲˣҼŻˣɴˣɵÿ㽨ˮ⣬ڹũͲˮˡ

ӰеĲ˼ֵҼޣλǽĹؼ

Сˣùɶ˵⣬ǰͲŮӾȻ

ûעСӵĲ죬˼һʣĵأһֱɳأ

ǰСӻش𣬡һֱǣԴҼ¾ǡ

üЩ벻ͨ

Ǳ˼ҿɽ棬ذ˵˾ʲôСТ˳æܹȥʣô˵ɶ塣

⣬ﲻƸղǰ㺬壺ǰ߶

Ӱʣү˵ʲô

СȻүү˵ܾǰ߶

˵Ͷˡ




69.   69    ɳô

вǰ޽, Ҳһˣ¥ڳųľζʵǸ˹Աĺõط

ѵڶ, ᳵ·鼮˿ߡ
, ű, ͷСū, űӰչķ˻˻ࡣ

Ͳ˵СūԼĪʮ, ðװ׾·ǵŸͷƢܹ˳
ѼΣ֪˼ҵ֣ű򿪵ļ϶ֵСӣæء

СС̫֣Ĳߣ治ˣſڵʻ

ߵǰ, Ͱ˵¡

СӽãǸͽС̫, ²ҲЩëƤС, ޽ҲСū©ʲô, 㱻

ˣҪʲô

ԣеĿɻ˳

繬ＸŮл, ½״Ԫ˭ᵽ˽ԣԱ˳һ䣬֪Щ𣺡˵ǻͦ˳̸ĴŮ˵״ԪɻԹӼࡣ

̡ܽŶһŮԤ״Ԫʣǡأ

ӰȥǮ㲻˽ܵĴ£СҲ֪˰뾩˰ɡ

ȥǮˣ
ǰ˵Ҫˮô

иףӰȥǮ˳ҲھˣЦ˲Ƕˮûȥǰһˡ

СһĪ⣺˾Ͳ´ˣԮˡ

ЦЦǻУǻС

Сº±ϡ
ѳһᣬЦݡ

Ǳϵ飬Ľɿ壬ҳǶӿˣּȱȫ
˵ľ飬ӦúоһһҳѿģȴԱõĺۼи˼ҳؼݣֻΪˣױֶѡ
ѵָ棬Ȿ֣Ȼǡ칤.ҩƪ

ͬʱء

ﰡͷôˣ治ɹɹ˿ɼ޲ȥŶ
һ磬СȥԶɽֵ򵼣һξͶ/۲½µʣôĥĥߣһֱʹ̫ҲŸսӡ

ƤƤ¾Ө͸ģǺÿ
ͷЦЦɹڡ

Сҭ£ɥɹڰֲϱ˿զ졣

ӰֻغٺҲ֪Ц˸ʲô

վܣҸЪϢɣðֲϱˡ
СӵССӵүүô

˿ôⲻɻͳͳɾ͵

ΪСɹЯˮϰߣҲ⣬ӻСͳˮ͸ݸ硣
ӰǴķʳϣʵڶ˾ȳԵ档

绹ЩˮݸӰֽӹɣһСŽ
Եȥ죬Ҳ˵ʲô
ҼϵġԼݡ
ðֱҡͷ񣬲񡣡
ӰҲҡͷҲ񡣡

粻ÿɷСϸ
һ綼ظӰʵ̲סˣʵ㵽ڿɶأôʲôǽ

ĵǷûУǮذʣɳûôأúüڽĳڳ΢ɳ󣬶ǽ²ȵƬأѾɳ

Ӱϸȥǣ˵ʱȺӵɳأ˵ӦãӦǷ

үү˵ܾǰ˵ڼʮǰʻûɳҲ˵ǽЩųֵġһ㵱̬ûд仯ʱΪͨ֡ķʽƻصķԴ㡣

ӰŶڹ꣬˼

ȴʣҼǵãЩطרŰɳֲһЩɳΪʲôȴֲ˹ϹСЩﶼأ

Ⲣͨɳϸһ£йɵȳɫҲĻƣ͸Щɫ˵

ӰͰ˰ֻǣӦһֲ̬ɳ

̬ɳôأӦÿ쵽Դ˰ɣӰʡ

ȷ˵Ҫгִֵߣ̾ܲԳԴͲԴ㣬ڲʲôûֱֻͨСΧΪ˰ολɹڡӣοӦÿ˰ɣԲ

Ƿĵġ㡱ͨʲ̬ɳ̶ȣʹĵصԭ
˵ЧʵĻͦߵģһĶ㣬ڰԴͷһƬС

ҹĻ٣ûӣֻһֲҰ׵£ӰӰ´µϷӰڵϣצħ

ҹ綳ˣ˸£ڣ첲˿ܣǻǻȥɣ٣֯}ûš

籾ҲǾʹչѾѷΧƬӣϸ鿴
Ҫ뿪ƺһ⣬һԵġOO@@ĳֶ﷢죬Ҳ˵ĽŲ
ȥ

ӰΪԮϣһ糷˲ô£룬̧Ÿȥ
ûסˣֲһ˴ţֻҲȥˡ

аùͷƺղֻǻҲǻþûлһ
ᲽӣϢŸղŲۻ

ﲻñټڣ˸֪ԼѾηˣ̸ڵ֣ǰһںѹѹɽɽƺ⣬ղǿĹǴ﷢ġ

ôйⰡҪȥ𣿡ѹʡ
ɣˡӰ˵

ǸᶨΨ壬й񣬵вϳ֣ҪĿǰյ֪ʶˣҪôװŪ
Ҳôľٰѧġ

絨ӱ󣬵һ̤ɽ
ɽͦΧǲʯɣߣʯھȻٲȻǴ˹ɽ
ֻɽʲôأ

кںĺۼָմ˵ᣬȻǽ͵ζͻȻһƺͨǮӰʲ̬ɳԭ

ߣռÿһķεĿռ䣬Ľǰڷõľʯмڷż˶ӣȫøӷţ֪װʲô

澹ȻжװʲôǱذɣ

ӰҲˣҪװİ׻ӣҿɾеܸϽˡ

Ǳغӡ翪ڴƶλİΣѾζеζ϶װǻҩ

˵Ӱղֻǲ죬ڼֱ𾪣ɫˡ
ĵ۽ֹ˽ػҩԱ佫ʲô˵ô󣬸ɽ˽ػҩ

绰䣬˲䣬ڰĽݡһһ֧ǻ谵ƵĿռʧ׼ͷͷƫҪѪ



ţӿɫҹµһӣǰּسץȥ




70.   70    

Ȼѵ, ּеĽʣֱ˶

ԭ, ãӰҲû, ȴŲŲ

һץһ, ˼, ɨƷ𣬱Ǽܵ˽ϵ⣬һ˲, ᵽӡʵֻǻûѾȳھǵؽɱQ

ϣ
ûԤڰϣ뼱ٶһѽײһ𣬲ǵĻǣڻɢȥʱϤĿ

ѣ

˶һЦüѵС˭ҹֵط, Σ𡣡

֪Ҳ, ǵһμýλӡеĹӶͽ, ˵Сġ

Ӱ, Ѿع˼䣺ﻹΪȳ԰, 㲻ڽôˣù𣿡

㲻ø֣һ˶ԸѵصĺЩģƫƫ⻹ô࣬һش𣺡򲻹ŵ㣡

ǳɽ⺰ģٻƵģ䣬һͷ
һȺŽһ裬ֱõûض㣬ɴû˵ЦСЦݣһӣ˳

겻ýһ˽ǣˡ˵ߣͼӴ׵رԹ
ЩǣûŰɡ
Ӱ˸ۣǰװˣһҲ۲
֪װҡĳ嶯Ȼش磬˲ţġ

˲г𣬵ʤ࣬ɴһʱҲκβǣսֽһ˶һͷԼʲôţԾɽﲻˡ

׷ˡѽס𣬡·ӣ׷ϡ
սʵЩʲôˣ

ҲûϵĹʲô·
ϵһ֧ݸѣܿʲô𣿡
ѰѼõӫ⾧ʯϸ΢΢üͷ
һѿڶӣ

ӵרüʸ

˲֪飬֪ģдλ֮Խأشúúõģ޽ӰǵģĳλӰض֮ģ˽ͻҩҲûпܡ
ӡ˵˽ػҩôĿŵ֤ݵ˵ݺмֿܡ

Ȼ
λʵӣϸõЩȨ˵ĵ

˵ţڡͨһ죬ѭȥǰѷҩǼľǸ˿ˣСһ˷ܣˣλǿ
ʶѺͺ˶սҲҲˡ

ľͰĶģǸɢҩ
ɽĴľͰͲʮ˭֪ûɽɽжٻҩ
ҪըˣǶûˡ

ѵԸղŵĺ˿϶ͨ籨ţ˵Σգ뿪ȥǮᶽɱפش˵أӰһͻؾѻҩһܱϣסһ©

˵ͷϢֳɽ

һҹעǸҹȥᶽӰҲˣѰ˸ֱȥˡ

ʣˣѸղûҪˡ
СѾͷ˵˵ɣôһôϧ
ױ֮ƺЩƮˣСѾͷ

СѾͷ绹Ҳ⣬˭뵽ͨͨһɽ֣Ȼžܣôţɡ

̧ͷô꣬Ҳ֪ɽлҩ֪ǣʲôӡ

ѡ١һĶͦžһˡ
˵תͷ˵󣬸˲ʶ죬ͳһˣԺɲżҡ

˵ͬһԺôãż
ŮѹûԺҡ롣
㲻Ǳôˣˣ

ܰѽһЦһ촰ǻģҾʹӳˡ
죺㾹ܴӹн䱸ôɭϵĵطӳְ

ѱˣϲ̵־ˣԶʵӳʱܹܷˣΪ϶Ҫȥ˭ֻ֪ܹ۱ֻۣûץҡ

Ȼ
ܹ˭ϵĸܴĦʥ⣬еӸ˽ѣĵġѱڸ׸ĵͻȻڸԱⲻҪةȨ

ͻȻ֮ةȨܺԵɣǻϷةµĺ¡ĵ˵

̧ͷ˵
û˵ֻ꣬ǿɽ΢΢ͷ˼˶

һͻȥͻȻ˵ܸоѸٱ仯㻹ǴھǱȽϱա

ܸܵƺûƱ仯Ӱ죬˵ɣܵ𣿡

ģ£ָʲôɳ

Ѳڵϣ˵ҷϴ󾢴ӹ﷭ԶأΣգӵĹػܵ𣿡

˼صͷ֪ûаӻ˼ף˻֮ǰӦò֪лҩô֪Σյġ

߼ûѶЦˣҡ
ſû˵ǿ˿ŵڲҵһ칤

Ѱڲ¡ԼԼĲ²˵һ顣
羪в󾿾Ǹʲôĵطδζйؼ֡

ǣϴڲݽ㣬׶ݵ֤ݣҵһ쳣ġ칤˳ϲ鵽ةϡ

εЦЦ

ˡ˵Ǯ޽ˮüĿˡ

Ѳ죺ô죿

ʵɽˣɽдҩЩҩʱõǡʯۻƣЩԭڴʱֱǮӴߣصʲ̬ɳ

۾ˣ㶼֪ʲô㲻֪ģ

ͼӴ׵Ŀ佱ȻȥҲţҼ

ЦҲʵİɡ

˵ǡ

ơ桱ʲôĿԣСѾͷһáֻش

峿ؾ

ǮᶽˣᶽüѺѣֱȥӺɽѲлҩɽΧסɽǲŹκһлҩɽ
޽£ʱǡײѣóˣ໥ǹغѣֱԡ¡ΪɣԵ

޽վһóǮᶽȣȻᶽڣ޽¾ͲֻƵһɶѲģøȥɽ־Ԥ˽

ǮľƺüʮͰİ͸Һ󣬸һСͰ©׾ȵϣȦɡ
ɺ˾ط֣ԭɳ΢ζʣȻ𽥱ʣȥ˿̮޽ˮȫ⡣

Ĩ˰ѶͷϵĺȴĴָˣ




71.   71    ԷŰ

ɳ, ޽ˮȻӭж⣬Ĺ̲ҪģӰѾٶȴӾǸϻ, 

뿪أǰǺܶɽ, ѿڳơпճ桱

Źһ·ɽˮص, ϾǻԽ
Կ, ֱʮ塢ʮ˺Ͷʮһ죬öʮһѧ
ҲҪ, һϼƣȥҶ˻ϡ

ʱԺ
һĵ۶ʮĻĻ
Ժţ½½߳

Ӹ߿ӻؼҵļҳƵĵڹԺſڣŸؾ֮һһϵ鴺ģԼĪǴòԴͷɥ, ԼѾԱγɼʧˡ

һ⣬ѧԺѧ, ôģĴٱԺѧȻЩ, ϳˮ, ·ɣѿǺǻ
޲ĬĬһ䣺ְز©

㿴, ֱģԺѧ
һĳʮ״ԪճԿѧǣоҵ꣬һȸ߿ߣ֪ǽĳɷֶ࣬ǿֵĳɷִ

㲻Ӧȥ¹Ӽѧ𣿡ʡ

Ѳذڰ֣ȺѧòģϰԻұϲ
ûأ
ûϻң

磺
е

Ҷһģˣ̻ӻ֣ã֣
ϲϲϣǶ˵һءӶ飬ŸճԺ͵ϲˡ
Цͬϲ֣òǰ˰ɣ

˻֪ѾͥΪҲμεĻԣʱţҪǽ֪ˣЦ붼úЦ

εЦЦУǶòɡ

ҶǫСС

绹ѣأ
뵽ʲôЦˣֵĲŻһ״ԪģԸѲ֡

⿴һۣͿβôճ
ֻЦտ꣬Ǳ˾ˡ

ҶһȦûֲ֣˼ڣ˰Ҳû˵ֻ֣ڰڣأ

Ψһһʲô֪ģѵݡֵԱҲʣǰҲûƼСֵܣѲȻؼˣ

ˣ

Ůװ¾˾֪ˣסʵ˵ˣֱͬݺ֮¡
˵ҶͬʱüͷǵǺֵİΣǰڵǵĻϻŨŨţС֡ǣ־Ůӡ
ദô춼û͵˵Щܲˡ

ġҶļ򣬡ǺŮ񲿲ҿ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ûȥ

*

ʮպ󣬳Ұ֮ϹԱֵ£һǮˮڰǰ˳յһڸպÿ칤ӰؾԽշŰ˵ֻǻԣǰעĿ˵Ŀ⣬Ϊһ˵ԵĻԪ״Ԫۺ̽Ҳڻǰʮе

гᣬµǰļž

Ӱ̤ʮף߽µ
ϣǮһڹѾ˳ɣСΧũɣȣڹ̣ˮϣǮˮڿ﹦û

ϣӰѹȫƸ磬ʵҲȷûǰأ֮Ҳ˵һ

ĵѿڳơá

ûƴݹͣʣϣŮĵ֮Լ֪

ĵˣӰԮ죬ȷʵ˵ŮҲǿ֮š
кѣĵ۵ڣ⣬衭

ϡ
ѾͷͻȻڣְһϽܴϵģ
ŮҪʹֻͣչʾѧĻᡣ

ĵŶ㲻ǸΪǮˮ˴󹦣Ҫչʾʲôѧ

᲻ǸңǸ֡

Ͻԭڼ£ŮۣŮϿۣ֪Ϊ

֣ĵۺ㲻Ҫʹͣ͡Ϊ˸Ӯȡһλ᣿

Ϊ˺֡粨ΪĳƾƶȱΪѡ˲ţΪҪ֮ǰӸԱ޶ŮʵѧΪ٣ΪЧ

ⷬƳ³£ڳû׷
ŮΪ٣ɺͳ
ǣǲǳͷ¶ˣ
ײףԹŮ޲űǵ¡


ĵ۽ػеģҲѶԿƾٵģ˼һʣΣ

ԺΪīһ׻Ե⣬д뿼ġٺͱλԵľȣȸؾǵβϿŮӿƾԵ㡣

ĵ˼ĻȻڴ󵨣ȴ޵ŮӵġԡǿѨ磬¼С硢еѧԺӮͷ۰ⶼˡ֤ԼƣǷŴ󻰵ˣǵȷܳ¡

ĵδ˵һмߡ
·һԴ޻̸֮֮

мһ˺Ĳˣة޽

Ӱɽ˽ػҩĵۣ䰵ʾһĵ۵ʱδֻ̬ǮᶽлҩѺͻؾ⡣˽ػҩˣֻǽɴ³飬鵽ɺ޽չ
һµİ참Чʵߣһ棬˽ػҩô£ʼٸô֤ݣֻм޻ɵĻܿˣӶͷˡ
޽úվڳϰٹ֮׵λãûκ

Ǻγ޽ʡ
粻̼֮ҡ
޽ĵ̼֮ŮҲѹֲ֮£˵Ůӿƾ֮ԡ
練ʣλˣŮӿƾΪγ֮ԣ
޽һߣ͸ⲻĻƵģͶԸ˵ֻССŮܶʲô֡

˼ҿѧԺԺϽ
ˣΪֽΧأû˼ң뼷ةˡ

ѧԺǴԺͳˣ˵𲻵ĵز˵䡰˾֪ǲΪġ
޽治֪ݣ΢΢ֻССԺˣܷȥ

˵ţǰһŻưˣϣ񲿷Űˣǽ괺ϰѧ

ĵۣ

ĳʮ꣬ȡ£һԪǹӼຫɭ

ĳӺɭǻԵһϽ£ű˷ĵЦллȮðˡ

޽䲻ȵعϲһڹӼ֮УѧԺԺķš

ʿڶѧԺҶ

ҶǻԵڶ⡣
޽ɫȴÿôû뵽һСԺѧȻܽڹӼࡣ

ʿѧԺ硣
ʿģ̶ݾԺӴ
ʿ壬ѧԺ

ʿڰˣѧԺ¡
ʿھţǹӼຫľ
ʿʮѧԺ𡣡

ˣ
صѧԺʲôˮأǰʮоȻռһ룡




72.   72    СסҲȥ

ĵΪ֣ص̧ͷ, ɨӵǸŵĹ
˵Ӯ̫ˣǽհЩѧԺ֣ɹˡ

, ûĸԺѧԺһһӽôѧɹʿ, ռǰʮеһ, ˵ʿһǹӼ, ڶɶѧԺġ

ããĵ޵

޽ײˣ˶Ĺ׻ڡ
ǰСѾͷỵ, ǰҪӰȥأɽЩҩᱻֳ乫𣿺װʧôࡣ
޷Щҩֻֿܻӵǻʮ֮һĵû־ͺá

ϣ֪Ůŵɷʵʩ˵

˵ǸչʾһβܵĻᣬĵŵۼʶѧԺԺô᲻Ӧʣǵܹ, ȥ񲿴֡

Ѿͷ˵, ѧȴǲ赣, Ҫֻĵ۷¶Ůӵƫ, Ӯȡһλᡣ

ӼҲ˹ʿһǰʮռλ, ͥƵĳְĵֵ
ȷˣʱѧԺ͹Ӽּų֣ѧԺǰʮռλӼҲò࣬ռλ

¹Ӽȴڴϡ
˽ӡؾϢطؾǣ£⹫ִӲĴ˽ȥ

ĵ۵֪󻹾úЦֻ۱ֻۣͥݣ˭֪˼ֻڹʲôҳ
ةǲ֪µģΪڲУء

ӰһѱἰĵѻڽУѰ˼ųʱܰ˷ųܹҲǸ£ϣͥڹӼйǷܽĽ㡣

ĵ˵޽ǰͥιӼŮѧμӿƾ٣ôװ˷ˣԺǻָ¼

Ӱҭ£ͶȥȵĿ⡣
ȴ飬ֻǻͷ⣬ڵʲôˡ

ǡôʱܹ˦ŷˣź֣ô죬ҲûݣΪղ⣬˲٣Ѿͷ񲿹Ļ
ǵһεеµټĹվ˳װý̻Իͣǵ۾µµơ
ֱ磬۾һС

ްҲͷ΢΢ͷתĵ˵ϣˣԿʼˡ

ѹ֪еµʲôܹܽˣû뵽Ȼ￼ԣ㲻㡰ԡ˰
̵룬СܶδԣеŮڴ֮𣬹ڼﴵţˡ

ܹ׻Եʱ׼СϯīֽһӦãԱؿʼˡ

ڳȫעضź֡
˼ҿһټӶѧ˺⵹ãһ˿ԼҲ˵ϣةࡢ顢ɡЩ͹ľˡ

粻ĺֵ̬СѾͷͲܽţѧԺһβμģӵľͺǲ˿ûģ̵Ӱ졣
ϽȴǲģԶźֹ֣ʵûסԵдЩ

ȫͶī⣬ûϸ׵ĹػǺΧļԱЦ˵ʼīˣٸ˵ˡ

Ͻա

һʱ󣬺ָ±ʡ
ʱľŵĿһڵںˣܸġ

δ꣬ٵɫѾһȻȡ
λǺԺģѧʶǳԭ˵һŮﻹ⣬ĵּܶԸõֵҲ̬ñǿ׿֡
ɿſţƪ˹дʵ˼̣ˣķӵȸʻϿڣȾʮֵλ

ôˣ̲סˣʡ
дξ˵һﶼһʱˡ޽ĵ˵

ĵ΢΢ǰӣۺû˵޷

ϣƪ°δŮܽ˹д̶ϡǿ޵ԵĹʿȣһĺɭ͵ڶҶȲϣŽǰײ⡣

ǰ壿ĵظȷϣ˵ܸԵǰˮƽϣ

ǡ

һƬĬĵ۶Ĭ֪ʲô
ʼûһʵ֤ԡ

ǰĵ˵õģֻҪչʾĲѧȸؾ˲ŮӿƾԵ㡣
⻰ĵۼǵãʱֵѴﵽҪֲֻܵʶ乱ʿѧٵġ޾Ůӿƾٿ㣬֮ЧʼȫС

ڳȻ繪л

ں֡ĵ۶˵ԺֿŮԿˡ

Ŀ࣬һʱǰŮװμӿƾٵˣô󣬾ҡһ˺ԺһԱԺԼҲǳ͢Աһܽҵˣ
˼һתһԵ磬ǰһĶԲԣ˵ҵĲѧ˷ѣĲ˷ˣ

лл磬ԴǿУ۾ģϸȻ⣬ɼж༤
֮£͵ȻˣԼʵѧлɡ

ĵۻأתлϣ

֪ΪҲţȴʱ̼ǵãǰһȻŮӿƾԵ㶼ˣǲͷţ

ĵ۱ûͥֻǸɣ˳͵ǰĵ۵Ȼ÷ˣȻ÷ţ޲Ҫ㡣

粻ĵۿҪʲô

ĵ룬ŮӣܳΪԺԺһ̼֮Ůһ·ߵڣܹɺӱض٣ܸʲôݣٱɣ˵ƺõʹ͡
ؾȻ˵ƺû̫ô
ҪΪһְƾִŮ٣ѡ˲дĽĵطڸ׸ͥ󣬽Կʵʩĵ˵꣬ЦԺ㲻ѧԺԺȨԺмලġ

˵ʵЩ㶣Ϊĵ˵ʹͲЩƱ֮û뵽ֱӸһôõݡ
ĵ۶Թ˲ŵѡ̬ȺǿǸظŰ塢ų¾ɽĻʵۡ

˵ԭĵۻ޸е̬ȣ˿ЩȻ𾴣ݣĵǸΪĺûʵۡ
ллϡ

˳еµͱָ׷ˣһͬߡ

Ͻлģն㣬СŮ԰

ؿҵѧȻø𡣡˵ҵհѺڿջҲзݣƲΡ

Ǹ̫ˣȷʵˣӶ˹ʿƤСŮ˹٣סջ𣿲ȥСסգ

ܣͻȻһЦ³СסҲȥ򸮣ɱ

Ǹձųѻ˭紹Ц£תȻһ˫Цӯӯһۡ

ߵǰױƵĵݸһװ᣺ġ

ӹ˼ҳ澡ʫʣҳո£ƺǱ顣
˻Լʫأ

ɻЦڲգ˱ʫд̵ģȫ㡣
һ仰ᣬʮʮķ




73.   73    硱

ʷջֵú, ǰУλסǰûֵϲѶ
СˮͲ趼ߵߵ, ϹЦ˾Ϳ䣺ǿջϢˡ
ɰЩΪ״Ԫ¥ľ¥Ľˡ

ȻʷջϢǴ˿ȴһŵش, ŵô, ôҶţ

Ҷһȥ, ˵ֶǰ棬һ۾ܿԿԼֺ, һϲͷһ̧ʶһλơ
ѣ

ﰵһ־ȻǵһҵڶλѾռˣ

ˣǲǷʧˣѽ
ɡҶҲܲ죬ҲֵĲܣ̬Ͳܳʧ󡣡
ɡ翴ۻư, 㲻ô¡

ǿûǰ׵ʵɥȥѵ֡
ɽ˴ʧɫ, Żưû֡
ûϰôܣ

˼飬, ˲ŵ˳Ⱥ, ȥ˹Ժȥѵ⣬Ƿǿ
ȥԺ鿴񲿵ʾ, ȥԺţһϼƣֻȻѺ顣

ϣǵĶ׹ʿˣСһ˦Ĩӭ

Ҷȴü˰Ƶġ
ʣС磬ӻ𣿡
첻ͳˣûӺüûӰˡ

ûüø
˷·˪ӣϽʿĿ˲ûˡ

Ҷֵ֣ܣϲϲϲýʿЦⰻȻعֵ

Ҷһ㶣Ȼֵ̬Ǻðɽ˻Цó󷽷رˡԼܵκ˶ˡ

Ҳ΢΢Цŵϲ磬ϲҶ

ߵߣʣãû°ɣ

绹Ϊ˵ǳϵ£ѽѽ⣬Ȼ£û£İɡ

绹ǲ̫ģֻǿջЦְ̫⣬ίԼ

ʲôѲס

ҶҲ߹˵ıˣ죬Ҫܣ͡Ϳ޳ɡ

ޣѶʯˣһͻȻȻ˵ưû֣

Ҷϧصͷ

ˬʵЦЦǸǸʵҵĲǡ

˵˵

Ǹʮ㣺ʵҲûвμӽԡ

һʣΪΰôõĲѧ񲻿ϧʲôѴΪβ

֣Ѵ治С

ѿЦλ̨ԭ£ʵǵЩ֮һֱûܰʵ˵ʵĳʮͿȡ״Ԫ

ĵ۶ʮ״ԪĬĬ㣬ͻȻ۾һͥ

Ц

ҶҲ۾㡢ĳʮ״Ԫͥ

ѣȷʵȷʵ

¿ɺãֻҶջĻ˵ﻹסһλ״Ԫȫٵ֪״Ԫǵͥ¶д󽱵顣
ͥסĵ꣬Ժ󻹳

ż˵ķ˿һִٵش֣ԭ־ͥҽǼˡ

Ц磬㲻ͼˡ

ǰ겻þͼˣЩ״Σǣȥꡢȥꡣ

΢ůЩʶ꣬ȴŻ԰ûֶѹԼнʿϲöк͵ڡ
ϣȷͬˣɵʵݱƣͬȴ˿ûй
˵ͥݱй⻷ɼʵݲͥҲ˿Թ

ѴбȥСסģѵǣסջҲ£˵еѧԺǴ˾޴󣬿վ˵Ĵ֮
˿̣úÿλͬΪģʹȻ

ѧԺλȻͬ⣬ѿ磺ǻ࣬ҳɼô˻úһסһɡ

ԭȥ򸮴˵Ҳеͬĸɣ

ҿʲôأҵҲ˵϶ˡѿ֮ɫԱ

򸮣һλڳĴլԺһשǽ˴ֵɼ򸮵ɡ
ټĸԺ˵ѧԺʮˣٹȫͣͷҲ´ࡣ

ʱ˵ѵĸԶԭʡɣֱӹϽλةࡣ
Թ׳ѣԶǸ⣬볯Ϊٺ󲻾ã͸ϴһְ˸ٽײߵɢְԶ볯÷˹Ӿ꣬ӹúòݡ
ӣԶҲܣԶ볯Ȩ·ԼģԤ

ֻ򸮼ǸЦӣôˣҲֻǼ˼񽻴ˡ˵˱㲻֪ȥ

ҶͬƽʶȻֲլԺشˣ˸ԺͥŲĴϷ棬Ӳңڡ

ֻһ˱ѡСţԺء塱ȥԼĸף˱硣

˿̣ߣƹĻȣȥĸĴԺΰݡ

رãرͣĵʲôУͦܽº͵Ц

絹ǵĸĸû˵ֻԭͲǻദˣǰڼҸԼﶼ˵˼仰ҪһλһƷھ˵˵ʲôأ
ҲǣôˣҪȥĸǸºͺ͵Ӿͺֳϲ

Ժܿ͵ˣԺǱ£ɼǸƷζŮӡ
ԺſվѾСˣиѾͷѣæС鲽һӻ̽𣿡

ҲͣǰûӵļӣҴ

СѾߡã˯˯ӹȥɡ

ѴԺźǸСѾͬ飬ʣ˵ǹ˵ֹϲɴûûǰģλʲô˰

һѾһĪ⣺Ͳ˰ɣӴǰĹǿ϶ǿ˵ģưɣǵøĿڽλ̡

ţͼλһλȻѾʮ壬Ȼòζʮ㣬ˡ

Ѿòĸףէһˣмֺغɻã

ϲ֮ɫֻǰڣûסòĶӣãﶼáλǣ

磬ԺʱϽ˼ȴҪжᡣ

ɫˣðǰţˡ֮

ЦЦ˵СѾͷƤӻڣ©

ԭӴôĹĵ׻һϲ˵ǡߵͷʱȥһ룬ֻܹΪŮӣȮӵɼܾһ㰡

ǫޣӲʶһ˽з

ֺǺǵ佱ⲻҲ֪Լʶ鶼ܺ𣿿ôͲأͶ·ֻôĸףϣϲ˵ýߵĺܸԼǣߡ

ûȸ˴кĸӵлͻȻʧˣ˱һŪͿˣⲻֻ֪ϰ߳ƺˡ
̽˷ǰΪȮӵĿҵɣ

һ㶣ǵǡ

ԣͥԺʲôõĵط㾡˵ǡЦ

ûѿˡ
ã統ҷõˡ
죬һνܣô˳ڽˡ

룬ѻ½ˣԺЩ൹Ҳûвõĵط˷İɡ

ЦЦҾͷˡ

ѿЦôúõļ棬׺ķ̸

Ӷ飬λߵǰóһֻ۵Ĳյ쵽˱衣
һƽȵطߵİԣһݵǰŵݲļ϶С˵ܷΪδĶϱȫյˣĪԺı֣˵ġ

һ㶣еĸоȻû

ţ˵̬˸һٰʮȴת䣬ӹ˲ΪкͰƺˣ簡ˣ

һĪ˵𣿻ôͻȻԼϣôĳν
ʮʮˣ¸³ߣʮˡ

Ư۾Цһ죺ʮŰǵɻ˰

һʾ̫⡣

ʱеĹʮľͼ˸ˣʮȷʵʻͣ絹ûв˼׵ȷ

˲ʧʱǼͥﰡãǳµܣżңʵڲġ

ʵعһ˫ߣߵĶܹ㽻ֿѣزһ꣬ⲻôˡ

缸ǰ͸ǱԺӣھԼĸլס˵ûչլ꣬񶼶ʮˣٲȥҲ˵ȥ˼˻ǲһˣҵ𣿡

ͷǰȥѧԺʱ᲻ãοּ

˼綯ݣȴ簡ܴӦҼҲʱʱͥߣܷտЩ

統ϰˣԺʱͱиӡǸиӵģֵѵиӣҲǵĸ׵һƬģͷӦģֻҪҰΧڣҶϲ

صͷ

˴Ժѧ˽У磬ǺͰɣ

类еһ룺ͰǺͰܾ÷л

ʹĦĦЦմ¸ߣǽˣһͬȥ㴺ԾΣ

˵áͻȻ˵Ķҡͷ㲻ȥҹֻͷʹҪܡ
ΪѵӣЩﲻ⣬ڰֲ˵ܾ֮ԣҲ׸⡣
˭֪Цؿ˾䣺˵ȥ㲻ȥ

*

ȵԵЩʱգסҵλʿˡ
ɻԴ⣬ĸ̬Ӧ͹۵㣬ĲҲҪȴʱܱŵˣˣЩþ״̬Ҫġ

æķѣλӽƵƵǽȥ侩ǵĹƷ󣬾ǺҶȥѡ١Ūƣôô棿
Ĳʲôĵط񱻡й¡Ҫѵһ١

ѰҶҲѰĵΪһиСʱ򸮵ţҶĳ棬ҶǸԸֻûӣСѾͷǿܰˡ
ˣϹĻ硣

ǾǴеӣֱѺ˳
ֵܣϴ˵ǸӱҤʣϲȥֻһۣʡ⻨ڵ˭ġû𿴹մкö࣬һö

綼ǲǵڼˣЦúúãһġ

⡣ѵ⣬ã㻹֪ϲʲô𣿡

ЦЦ˵治֪

ǣڼϹ˴գöûﵹһȺ
˶ĬˣֻйһƱȥһ˷һŷһν硣

ȥ֮ѰѾѡĶȥ棬õЧȴһβһΡ
Ҳ˵ڲԱдǱʫǽѡʲô־ɽɽˮɽͼԼӵ漣ʵڿ⻭ָʲôط
ܹŮ

ֵܴĥ⵽׳ˣ羿ϲʲô

ǲ⣿߹
˵Ķǡͦÿ֪ǶֻòشˣϲһʱǻŹġε
ЦҾãÿʱй⡣
ѿˣ٣ôû
̫ȻˣıҪŴȥǵˣȻС

⻰ɰĻŭţֵܣ˵ģǱĳ˶ˡۿѮˣ¸¾ȴϲﶼ

ҲΪѣôãԽԽûˡ

֧ͷ˻Դʶ£ţͻȻ飬һֵ뵽һñضϲ

æʣʲô

˸ӣһЦҵţϲֵд




74.   74    񡭡

Ѿܶû, а¡
Ӵûʧô죬Ҳ޾ϸػ㱨, ȥ޴֪

ʺ, ͷһȷʵüû, ڲھǸ¥ϷԺй䰡
ھ¥ϷԺй, Ҳڶҹޣ˶ھǡ

磬ȴһЦֽմԼæ, ˾Ҳ֪֮һ˲ᶪ˾ǡ
˵꣬ЦŲһ䣺òѰæѲɻܴõ֮գһġ

۳ŵѰҪļûС

գСԺ￴, ǴģǷ®
˽, ®ʱʱţ޾ϸػ㱨еѧԺԼеƷ
Ҳͬ, ˵ѧԺеؿְ, ѾǵھŸְˣȫضиǡ®˵ǰźûʿ, û߿ƾ·ȴֱӵ˼Ҳй⣬ƽ˵Ҷˡ

翴ţֽȥȴǿһˣҲǣддڷģֻǼû֣뿴ûԸҰˡ

ϴλţ˳˾䣬ǷȻء
ֻδᵽѣ֪ΪȷʵڣǷ®˳ᵽˡ
֮ûѵټ

®ţѷ®ͼֽ˸ĽȻʯϷ

𶯱𶯣仨
ֵ˼̧ͷȥĽͤ˰ѻͤ鿴Ҷͷϲ塣

ҶӣĻԸɫĻͷϴȥͣա

治ҶˣЦض㿪֣ûˣҶͬ˿Ҳˡ죬ϸҿ

Ҷ޷ֻרĶ飬κͷϲġͷСһ鳰Ц

΢΢һЦȴûһįĪ뵽ӵ˫һۡ
ҲܰЦӯӯؿ䲻ڣȴ˵˵ЦЦԭʱʱ⾹ǡ
վˣ֪ѻ᲻˵ء

һ磬һۣ򸮰˻ӡ
ЩЩźҲֳһճ롢ϴϣһʫʼ

粻ǸԼԶ̰ˣǰʵҲʫôƾٷʢеĳҲֻܼ񲹣ڳ£ԸʫϵϹʫҲС

˻Ժű죬Ŀ鱾ƿȥš
ŷѿȴǺֺҶ

֣ĳ棬쳢Цŵ
Ҷ۾ģ
һЦǸҶģɰҴġ

ݸһЦˣл

쳢

ҶվȻȫųˣкһߴߴ˵ԺӵԵ֡

ٵ˲٣ż챻ˡ
Ǻüλʿ򸮵Ĺͣ׷Ů٣ʹϵ˲٣絽֪˶ٲˡ
ԺһֱȴһֱûҪȵˣֱڣҲû֡

䣬硢֡Ҷ˾ס͸·
ǾйԱ͵ģȻȥ˵ɵҲֻŮӵ񣬵Ҳ̫أλȨصļɻة࣬Ҹ̫ҲûҪŮ١

һ߹һ߸ܣϽŮʶ㣬ԾеĹԱҲϤ
ȴĲɣһǵȣȴǷŵλӡ

ֻ֪æʲôԼˣĲ˶ˣΨһȱѡ

ãʲôأߣº͵ʡ
񣺡ûʲôϵͼ
ڵְɣ綮õ˼ſڿ˿ԼµˣȻܲ

紹Ĭ˻¾ȥæ£ӷκġ

⻰˵ЩԹ䣬ԺͻȻһˬʵЦѾͷһǸᱧԹˣڳȴӲˣڱ˵ңˡ

ô᲻Ϥ̧ͷȥԽżĲλ

æӭȥ֣ɻˣʱ

ʵڱǸһˡѾͷҰɣ
Ƕ˵ģ͸ƣȴҲ

֪ΪΣԭĻô˵ˡ

ѿ糾͵ģƽﴩһ˿ͷڣɢңǿ·飬˵䲻ؿȴ΢΢·ϲ֪жء

ûסʵȥô٣
˶ء

Ұ˵Щȥĵطɶˣȥأ˳¼ׯǵĹ˳¿ֻء

죺أ

ǲǸ®ҵˣЦŵ®ʱҸպøһ飬Ҫģɱ֮

翴ʲô֮

صЦЦԭأԤһ£ֲ֪ܲɣ˵ʧԸɴ÷®ҵ٣Ҳûи֪κˡ

ʧô죬Ǹġ¡ȥˣ𣿡ʡ

һЦҲ

æʣʲôˣ˵˵
صЦǸõɣ

Ѹ硰㶮ı飬ӻͳһŷ⣬ŷװżֽ

ӹǼֽչֻֽϸëʼ⹴ճļͼһŻļ佲ãڶʮѧѧԺòͬǣѧѧ٣жʮͷӣгˣͲĸˣɫѧ۽ãҲա
ڶŻڽѧв鱾һǹֲ磬һָŸûɫϸλѧ죬ٿ־س¼ׯĳ¿

һŻȴţȴϤ֮ǰеѧԺʱǼٽõĴţӻϻľѧԺƣϷŸҶȻдĸ֡ũѧԺ

һĴ㣿еѧԺһũѧԺ

ޣ뷨ǲũɣ֮͢ʵڸӡ
أظйϹ߲ˣũɣֲȫһָҼһֲţν˽мң뵽ص˵ũǿѧֲȫʳ߲˲һ̨ס

ȴҡͷǴ㣬Ѿϡ

ϣ־ӣʧô죬ѵѾѧԺһũѧԺˣǻȥ֮󣬾ܿһµѧԺˣ

¿ѧԺҲܰԹĿֻܰѧԺڵĳֻǰһۡ
ѿ磬оϲ֮ɫ֪Լʵûʹϲʵ⣬ֵܱѰ䱦ֲ⡣ȫķԺмǹҰգŰ˼ԸΪʵǱ˽յũԺ

ʧô죬ȥЩˣд𺳡
Ҳ۽һѧԺж鷳˵صΪũҪϲٹ򣬾ڶʱŪˣѹֲʱ糾͵ظϻϾƣ֮ɫ

ĿǰڳԽ׶Σ٣ѧҲ࣬ҪӪչѿ磬ɻ⡣

翴ϵֻͼҶдšũѧԺ˰㣬֪ΪΣ޹İͣѧԺ̫ͻȻҲʵ̫˶ݡ
ȥ֣ص˵




75.   75    ״Ԫ͹״Ԫ

ũѧԺǼֻͼ, š
ΪѷĽѧԺдÿͼֽϽǵġѾͷ֡֡

ԴѡʧƺٸЩ, ÿճ֮󣬳㵽ѵס, Ӱ, Ҳκ, תͷ

һȥڷ˶ߣ»ϲ֮, Ҳ絣£ÿһ̣峿ˬĿڿӭСɢ

ⷬ򸮵˿ȥ˵Ӻһˡ
һʮ򸮾סĸλʿĶУǵͬ׷״Ȥѡ
ٴʹ˶УοЦΪѾ˼ҹ﷼İˡ

޲, ת۵˵ԡ
ĵڼвͬĵӦ˹Ӱ, ѡθв֮ʿľٵͬߪ

ߪѡ˻ͷһ, Ҳÿ徭, ֻҪڹ¾߱Ĳܼɣνˡ
®ļȫĽжǰμģ˵Ϣ, ЦЦ˵ŻеѧԺͦõģ볯Ϊ١
Ӱ÷Źôвŵˣд˷ţ뷽®ǰǲμߪѧԺ˵ӣ˵Ҷ˴˿̶ھ棬͵úò˵Ϻõľľģǵ÷®ģһȣͱ˺˾ǡ

ľٵµߪھһͬС

Ц磺ȥı֣
練ʣȥƹߪǿµĵҲԹ𣿡
ȥܡѷ档
룺ȥߪ

ߪһΧԳڣǹѷŸֲеĵطԳģҪλƶĲԴ涨߶ȫַѡҲ㡣

ѵʱԸտʼĿԳأѡԭϣһеߣԭ𽥳͡
ӰڽǮˮ֮ͼӹ飬ǽյ٣ǰڷһʵľΣ˺͹λϺȲ裬ſƷϺͶᡣ

糯ڴһۣ㿴üӰ
®ҲڣѡǿµȵľΧѡ̴ľľϳľȣԵüΪʵ޻ﱵշתѾ״ֻǻû֮
粢ģ֪Ҳŷ®ļգܾȫ

ڿԵĿУвѧԺеѧԺģȻϵ磬ϲػ֣ǲܿ˵Ҫкˡ
һЩǸؿְѧûм磬ȴλʼ˵Ĵ׷׺̧ͷ

ʳָߣ˸ƣǰ

߽ˣЦŸӰкˣ֮ϲûüء
Ӱæֱֹ²ӰأǵȵĻƻ˶ˡ
һЦε¹硣

緽ŵÿһƬɧǸǰݹ˿Ĳǡ
ӰνǼָжæŲţĿС붼ѧǹյɽȫĸ

ӰΪλˣһһлһĵѵƾ١

ͥﵱƾ٣֮ǰѾС깱ԺΧſͥر࣬вƾٵӣŮӡӰ֮ʱˣ˵ʵۣʿܷ̿ʱ

ݸ⵹ӵķ񣺡˼˵Ȼء

ѱϵףƫƫ绹ֵεҡͷЦҲǣֻ衣

Ȼ󣬿پ¶డ˭ǹؾصī⣬ʱ̣Ǿ˵Ҫǰ꣬㲻֮࣬꣬ȥҲŲȥ

úЦʣīˡ

ɲӰʵʵѣһʱ䣬ī꽻ˣȫٶˡŴˣŶԺ֮ףʱ٣˵ϸ飬˭ֱ֪ͥӿڳԣÿˣұضǻԪ

ſģ綼ŴĿģֻ񣬵ǽ˻ԵһҲɴ˴ˡ

˵ԣھǾѾ˲֪˲ˡӰ˵ǰ£ип֮⡣

Ӱѵ£ĵղסʣʲôȤ𣿡

ӰһΪԵǹؾأԵһĺɭͬɭҲǻԵĻԪһ㣬û˻϶ΪɭǽԵ״Ԫͥﲻһ˶϶ͥ޳ҵ״ԪʶԽ˵Ԥ֮УֻǵԺ˼Ȥ¡

磺ʲô

˶ӰӰҵ˵ǣɸ𣿡
ӰˣǵӣˬȥȡǮһ͸˵

ЦˣҲʵ⣬ӰͼˣĵԣϺʹڵʲߣǹСǣϿѧʣŮǾͿЩʿǵòȻյ״ԪɣǾúԵĸ֪ϣϱΪԼŮָ飬˵ġ׽ˡ

ͦ˼£òԷǷƷˣûĸУָ飿
ûаλͷˡӰʱΣЦѡ
Ϊεڻǹ¼ҹһ
Լ˵

ѸˣлῪˣ㽲ǾʣôԼ˵У˵˵Ǵ幫߹λָּҲѰ죬ԼѡһλǵĹֻĸûѡ˵ҴֻȢһˣ˱ص֮ˡϼ̬ȼûȥ

ˡӰͷͥôδʲôˣǴض

˼صͷ

˵䣬ߪѾӽβٿʾҪƷӰһ֣εĹɱȥһһĿǵƷ
ֿԸľٿƿͬƿ⼫䷱Ͻ⵽Űм£ĿԿǶԹյĴ̶ȣܼҲصȣֻ˳ģٽնᡣ

ʱ˼ƷļλԱҲԴ˴ӿƷ
ǰеӰǰˣ˴οмտʮƷѾȫѡ¹ΪģĿ

ѹһڳһ۾ˡ
һСľƷϿ̵һԺģǵŸ¥ȻѧԺѧݺͽõģ֮ڣеķݶʵõнṹŴǿԿصģкݶǵ͵í壬úѧڶĴָСС˶ר־ѧ飬̬졭һҾɵƷȻֻһֿɼľɣɼ˵ļո߳

һϳƷ˭֣®չûʧ

Ӱһ䱦СͣβŸ̾ľͥԺ𣿡
ѺѣӰѧԺĲ֡
ǣѧԺӰ˲ϸѰ죬תͬǣǿ쿴ôٵƷΪһǿ飿
æҡͷһģ˭顣

ӰľٰߪΪܵ˲ţµóԸ˻ˣǱߪ״ԪƷˡط®

ڶ࿼׷Ϊ®أǳ˿ƾѡĵһλ״Ԫһ״Ԫ

®Լգ浽ʱ򣬻е죬û뵽ԼԺģһ컹ܵ״Ԫ
عǰллʶҪлֵ֪֪֮֮ꡣ

иĹԱ®˵ͦ˵ķʣ㻹飿
®ͷԣ˸ˡ

Ա޲ȣԭΪպõĽ˾Ѿѵã˭뵽˸

ˡ®˵ǷҪڹǣˡ

һٰѡοԣȲûй涨ƷǽɹǿԽˡ
Ƿ®˵ˣӰʣ͡˭

®ҵѧԺСҼеͬ͸ѧԺ

οһЦЩֻӰ˼Ҷ˵͸ԺģǾҴذɣ㰡ͱԪƵˡ

Ӱ֣ѲæԼﰵοûϵ®˶ˣöɡ

˵ţڽһˣڸСԱڸ׸˱Ѱġ
ˣ¹ٶŵĵԣѾˡ

Ŷ
ڳȫע֪Ŀƾ״ԪỨ˭ҡ

ϵ¿״ԪѧԺҶ

ЦȻҶϲ°
Ǿ֣®ϲ
ȷǴϲͷҶһλ״Ԫһλ״Ԫϲˡ
®˸ԣ̵ĺá
ѶЦ˫ϲţѧԺλ״ԪҶѧ
˷׷ء

ˡλԱȴü״Ԫɶ˼Ҫ¿״Ԫͻ飬λҶ״Ԫƺ㶼ָš

ĵˣҶָˣĵҵԧס




76.   76    ΪѡˡѡΪ

, Ǵ󵨰Υҿûŭ
մӹлҶ, ͸ɾѣͥԺ, µ˵

һʱǰ, Խ, ǰ׵յҶΪ״ԪɭΪ, Ϊ̽Ϊ״ԪԴͻ顣
ͻĵǱϵá귽ʮˣʻͣı£Ҳһ״Ԫν衣״ԪȢ˳Ժǰʼˣڽ;, ˶Ľ
˭֪¿״Ԫ飬ؾ˻ϵĴͻ顣

, ԸȢҶʱôؾġ

ʱ꣬ĵּܻ״Ԫ, 뵽ͥ, ͥҲ㵱ܻ飬Ƚյ״Ԫ
ĵһ죬Ҷô˵Ҳ, ֻΪΣ޵䲻𣿡

⻰ĵ۵ҲʹѣΪ磬ôģ֦Ҷͥ״ί˹عҲ֮ˡ
ҶȴǳŲ𻰡

ĵ۱¿״ԪĲãҲ̸ȴλ仰𣬱Щŭ޵䲻̫ȴҲǹ̫֮Ůί㡣

Ҷ΢΢ƫͷȥĵţص⣬ֻǵ
ԭΪʱȥԺթ֮׽ôãԺ˿ԶӰˣ뺫־Ȼûа㡰һҧʮ¾˼εϲظĵ˵ѧԺ˶״Ԫ
ԭ˵Ҷһ״Ԫû˼˵ȴóЦʣԵĵһ磬ѧԺ״Ԫô죿
ֲذڰ֣ء
ʧЦǸá

źأҶôֵģ֪һڹſڣһͬȥ
ˣֻǡֻѾˡ

ĵֱֹδθ״Ԫͻ飬δε״Ԫӣ˰ˡ

ͥԺ۾ɴˣµϷȻһֱ֪署𣬲֪ҶȻ˻ϵĴͻ顣
㡭ֲɾΪʲôҪܻ鰡

ҶͲ𻰡
˵ż
ҶĶһӺˣӲôʲô
ֱҭ£ȥòĴȣǹõˣֺαظˡ

ҶҪ뿪ˣ⻰͵ػͷź֣ͷҪ˻ϵּ⣬Ȣ˳ϻʼŮźܰգ
˵꾹һ˦䣬һ뿪ˡ

ֶˣôˣ
ǰοĴȥ

ֱôοһ䣬ҵ߶󣬾ίؿΪʲôƾʲôҷ𰡣״Ԫˣź򡣡

ЦҶ״Ԫϵֻܵ˰οš

Ҳ˵ҶǸƢӲǶʱ䣬뾡취ȥٴΣԵõģϲĴȥ

˵ĺȻǵãֻҶʱжã˾жܡ

Ůӿޣǰ֣ˣҲԭġ
ֹʣʲôԭ򰡡

籾ӦҶ˵ģּֿ޵ʵί˵ǻ£˵ʵΪֵǾ仰ȻѾؾ˹Ȼǲϲǰֳź֮⣬ǲ𣿡

µôˡ

սˣֽµϣܻڴϹ֮ˣǺ㰡

СڵҲ΢΢죬һοЦ

桢ģЩš
¿״Ԫڴ֮ϹȻԼˣ˵֮˵֣ֶЩʵ֮С

ˡЦ޳ҶŻΪں㰡
ֵǵͨ죬һͷԽ绳ߵòϼˡ
ͷȰҶȥȰȰ
ֺ̧ͷᡰš

ҶͺֵСȥ˻ǺܿĵģѧԺգҶʥյ״ԪҲ̽з®ǹߪ״Ԫ
ӼҲ˵ûõ״Ԫɭǰۣľ˽ǲֻ˹١

һʱ䣬ѧԺ͹Ӽ˾е̸ʣӼҲͰˣѽһֱǰμ⣬ѧԺһƥ˵ϡ
֪ѧԺԺҶ˵ͣŹ侩ǣ˷׷ײ²⣬ͥ﾿Ǻιϵ

򸮰칦ϯ״Ԫ״Ԫ̽ɶڣǵúúףһ
һ϶䣬״Ԫ̽ٹҲ˵ѧԺͬվҪ̷أҲ硣

ѽոˣżλǿ֮˶˼΢΢
˶˾ƣͷϣ˵Щĺ߲ĸп񶼿ྡˡ

ｻ䣬վСƺ᷿߳ͥԺһ˯ĺվסţһھơ
ҹ¹ྦྷӨżһƬƾҲڲסµӫԡ

нŲƫͷȥźЦйһھơ

ӡǳ𣬡Щˡ
ʱϲ֮һҸ˾Ͷ˼ǳǳЦš
ɹӿġ
ľƺͻȻͣס¾ЦˣϹ˵Ӻò·ţ˭ȥȥЪŰɡ

ԥŲߣӽŵҡεģһһȣһͷԵС
ѿ˼ЦԼһܳʲô£ңɴ
ЦҲû£ӵԶԶ߿ˡ

ָֻƽЦݣĿ¡
ԼǾⶫ𱯴֮ģȷЩˣΪҶ״ԪԼ꣬Ҳǽѧͬһã뵽ԼѧʱЩѡҲֻҪȥˣС
ֻⱯ˼Ψһȴǳ

˵µҹﻹЩ˾ƣŷ纮ഩɡͻȻ˵

ϤıԹ֮ʧˣתȻһӰ
ôˣ

аīɫݸѣղžͼԳ㲻ʤ͸Ҫ˼Ѹ

ѽӹ磬ϣɵش˸᣺㿴ǳ

һǰѵĴȤǴؾ¥⣬ҲǴ磬ĶϵˣЦһͨ
õȴҴܲ𣿡

û¡
԰ҴЩƫͷ˵Ӱӣһ㿴ϣҹɫ͸յѧԺʱһãӰҲҹ¡

ʱյԺ̫ԲѧҲŲΨһÿÿıˡѷţ͵ϵӰѺܶ࿴

ҺվʹǻȥˡͻȻ
֪˵
㻹ǻԺ®˵ũѧԺչĺܲϾһִģȥ
صѧԺҵͬȻûȥڡѵԽˣλ֮ŸտʼΪ׸ƺ޽޽˽ҩʵָʲộǶ֮ʱ뿪

綮ã޽ڳ̫ĵۼ֪һЩҲͻȻѣʱ߲
֮ѧԺǣæʱȥ

ѹ˿ھƣЦܲˣһղһ
ƫͷ¹⿴
Ѱ˰ǣ²ûɡ

ڳΪɿԣֲܾᷳҲ֮С
⻰ڰοѣԸΪƾ֮±ۣȴϵĹĶǡ

ԳһЦҹãǲ˵׵¡

˵ġ˵

ѿ磬ͻȻʣ֪ѡǻɣ
ͷ㱾ͥ˵磬ͥǰϸ࡯յľ˱áͥ֣´澲֮⡣
֪ΪѡˡѡΪ𣿡

绹治֪ѵΪ˺Ūңժ֣
ô˵ҹ۸㡣ѹ𴽽Цˣ硯֣աΪףҰ½ṹѡҲǡ

㡭绹ûϸڣ㾹Ϊ˸ҵͬܣ
ʱǲŸռڶɣϸ˵ѵĵһ棬Ѽĵڶ档

ѵͷعԺǰ˵ƾҪĸ´˵գҴӲ֪硯ֿô˽Ѱ˸ͬṹ֣ΪԼĻ

粻֪˵ʲô˶ǿҲͷһ֪ԿӹȻǷ
ڴҶ֪ͥˣѡԺòˡ

ɲɡѰڰ֣ȴáѡֺԺáͥףãԵá

ӭ洵һ΢磬еľ㡣
ţͻȻѣΪʲô

ʧЦǸոս͹𣿡
ջĿ⣺˵ΪʲôҪһ硯Ƶ֡

Ѱûлش𣬶⣺Ҵȥɣ뾹ҲǣҶǵһգϵ鷳ٿҲܽǵȲôá

ôľֻһȴоƵģŵ΢

ͻȻ΢΢ĿУְ뻳Уÿ°͸ڹļϣƵ˵磬Ұɡ




77.   77    ж

ϳ, ٵϣһźƺƵʹţ϶ȥ
ѧԺĳ, ԺĶ飬ǵԵѧԺϿľ˱Ͷ, вڵбֲ, ״Ԫ̽, ڶͣʶųˡ

УĿſյؿŴ, һһΣ˵ʶ֪εˡ

ѧǻˣûھѡ

գ˵һ緢ĹӶ¶͵һ棬ϸ˵ԼΣѸĸκ˶δģ
ɫ£Ӱǳǳӵûаƿ

ڶճдϢȴѸı⡣

糯, ة޽ĵһۣ˵¿״ԪҶͥʶۺɭѧ̽ĺ, ǰʮһǹӼѧԺѧͥԺѧʶ, ϸշͺ֡ߪѡγĹ״Ԫ®, Ҳǧ˿Ƶϵ
֪˵ƽѧзΪ磬֪ĻΪԼͼڳֻ졣

޽˵ⷬ, ĵ۱Ĭʥδֱµ̬ȴó϶ͥĹϵǽˡ

Ѿͱܹܼ
ǰС̫˵ĵ۷˴ŭĵ۴һ硣
˶ΪҪˡ

еȷҪˡ
糯˶ΧԾѺ޽ԳĬϲɫ˭ܿͷìѾ£ơ
յƣѰƶޡ

һϼݵĵ۴ڸ߳ޱΡ
ţʷΪ׵һԹ٣һ㣬׷׳վ룬˫ֳˣڿһµ൯
˴Ϊ𾪵ǣЩԹٵĶѣ޽ɱة˽ػҩ

޽ˡ

ţ䱻ϵڳ޽ǮضڶദŻҩ֤ݣ֤ȷ䣬ڳĿ࣬ҲĿģ˭û뵽һ֮µةྐྵȻ췴˼
ʱӵּ׷ػҩ֮£һ㣬κνչ͸©ֻ֣˵ûнչ֤һռõģֻĵ֪޽Ӵ󣬲׶

޽˴ϢһҰ𾪡

ѴӲΪ޽¾ˣةٹ̣ôԼ֣

Ȼҹ̲ξ˽

ĵ۵ӡ
ˣ޽ֵĻҲ¶ˮ档

Ļðȥ޽޽леƣŵ㹻Ļӵϻλ˵֮ô

޽ŵıȨԶԶ˽Ҳ˲ٱЩĻ׵ĵơѼ̶㻹ǻرȽϰȫ

߿ˣ

΢΢ЦЦ̾ҿⲻһս뾩ԶﰲȫȥԺҺòá

Ĭûش

ͻʣô£뾡Ҳ뿪
еı̶ˮļˮ²ӿˮȴǲ˿һɣ״Ԫɻ磬͵ġ

ãʲôô񣿡
һº͵˼ˣһյ¶ʱôģ˵·ϸɣҶһЩ¶ȡ

ӹ˿ڣĹ¶ڸˬ󻺽;֮лл硣

лʲôֵ⡣ԭһϣ˿̸ɴλȥûţҲ֪ټʲôʱ򡣡

紹ӣҲ˵׼

׸磬һ۾Ϳ²ߣԴӾǳþˣһ·Ҳô˵һ˵˵޽ϵĹϵֱٽ磬Ի˵ʲôþһҹ֮䷴תˡ

ʱ¶̫죬һЩϸûü˵ĵԼġ

Ǹˣ볯ΪҲֻôѿƾһ;ĵøãȨ־ĵҲѶ޽绺ͷĵ۱У޽˽ػҩʵó·ѣһ峯еĶ

ףԵϣпһ˳

պ󣬶ִء
سֵشҶͷ®Ÿͷڶǰ棬½ٹϢһʹأǶ֪ѧԺֳ״ԪˣǴգֵ֡

½棬ֱֵĽѧԺſڣ΢΢ѽһ͸

Ժص˲٣ԺصĴٸ̡·ϲۡٲԺͬǣ֮Ǹޱֵһ졣

ҶֺųˣǳԻĹԱˣνΪɣĺá˵ľ㡣

һյĵأֻЦˣĵ׻Ǹˣĺûа׷ѣڵȵྡʱˡ

һˣƺһûˣӽԺžͲӰһֱڿҪҲûƼġ

ȥѰңСԺûУøУʻеѧԺѧѧ˵һˣѧ˻ˡ
³ũѧԺҵġ
ڣڽֲ⣬Ĭһţغ棬鵭Ȼ˵ƷζƷζũѧԺãѧ뵽պӵʳ
Ѿѧʱ䣬˿ҵѧ
ũѧԺѧģʶ磬ѧеһλҲûϵó֪ΪʲôڲԶ磬̫Դţ˿̵ƽġ

뿪ãתȥ˽úС԰ǰԺĳЩֲ˵ĵطũѧԺзأŲ硣
£ԱߵСӣݣʹϣһĻԵΪԶ

ǰԺһ죬ýܵء޵ȴݡ

ǰã˰ɡ

̧ͷҡҡǰĵؽ𣿡

硰šˡ

վָũѧԺǿҶǰܵأҵȫ

ˣũѧԺ͸ϵ鷨õдġ

Ļ£Ҳá

һֱͨţģҲȷʵŲܰġ

˵޽Ѿӳż˴Ӧɼ˽ı١Ļ޽ٳǻϣͼ򾩳ǡսбȨ֣ؾУӦް

ɵһŵʱȴ˶ߡ
ּԣѵģȴдǷµġ

һչֽߵ˱ˮˮ΢ʪֽһǣֽ¶һơ
ģָָţָȫչȻǰ̸ѵġԢΪϲ㡱ơ

ЩѵУ֪⻹⣬ÿֽһǶƣƽʱˮʪԳֽƣ˵ŵȷдּ²⣬Ǳ˴ʡ

ΪʲôʣǾѾˡ
̻һ⣬νǡˡ˭ѴʣѾ³ˡ

ȻԷ̹ԼӰΪʲôţ˵Ѿʮǰȥٳһ׽޽һ





78.   78    ѱɽȣδ֪

Ӱ׷ٳǵ, õĻȴǹҶֲֻٳľơ
Ӱͨ, Ҫôʵʵ˵Ҫôһٳǡ

ǰӰǧ, ھΨ, һغ󷽡þ, һβվ
׷ٳƣٳֲֹۣ벻, Ӷúôء

Ϊѣ˼֪
ʵٳкϽȥʮԮĲҲ;У˵㲻һʱȡʤҲ̫Σա
滷ɽѹϵ޽ڷŻҩͱ˫һν𣬺ͳ˴, ѹؼʱ̷޽һ͵Ļҩըտ˵ɽ, ͢ʮ/ҪʧС

ţ޽׷, Ϊξ, 麫󳷾ѾפɽࡢƸӵɽС޽׼ľλã׽, ˫
ֻǳ͢ʿԶоѺݽǲףƲڵз

Ӱ֪սѱɽȣδ֪
պҶ˵бεӣȲ죬˷ţĬ뿪ء

*

³ӰĲɵߣſڣԶԶһϤٻӰ

Ӱˣˡ

Ӱæ߹ȥ絽ˣҿľǶٳǣҪ֪϶ٲǾҲ֮ء
֪ס㣬ʲôʱ򵽵ģеطס

һ絽ģסջ֪ҽȥˡ·ˣ˷ס򸮣š

Ӱһԣԭ޴ţȴ뽫ˣȻӮˡ

ôʵüС
⻰Ӱɫ˱䣺Ҹ˵ǧ嶯
ʲôʱҳ嶯˵ǡ

ӰĬĬ˵޽ıԤĶö࣬ҶǾѵľ/ͽ쳣ͥͺǰѾʧȥˡ

üϸʣϴ˵̽޽ıʱԶûнձࣿ
ǰӰü˭û뵽޽ȻΪĻôҲѹĻӵôɴࡣ

˼ૣһةవôòǻͬ
Ӱû壺ʲô
ûʲôҲֻǲ²⡣

ô𣿡ʡ
ȥ̽Ӷ粻ͥֻ֪޽ΧһɽȣͥͺϽǶɽС

˼Ƭ̣ˣȥʱдһţһֻе͵ģ㻹ǵ𣿡
Ӱһ룬¶ͷô¸ˣľ죬ʣ޽Ҳֲˡ

鸮
Ӱѹ׵ıзֻľ񣬵밴շ®⸴һֻû뵽ȥҲûɹֻܰɵĹƷպá
ŵʵѹֶóˡ

дż񸹴ĻϻУӰľ򴦰Ū£ľ·һȶ򣬴ӴӴɳȥˡ
ԸܴϢ

ٳǣΪǡʵĳߵһݣԱɽ֣ǼõĲر
ٳǶ߱߾һɽɽɽйȣɽǧﲻɽȵƸӣ˽ɽ

ɽڣѺͺʮڴ̾ᣬѾʮࡣ
ɽ⣬޽˵ıɽһͤһڣͰһѵΧڹС

Ҿ˵ó㳷ҲɽﳷǶ磬ֿûˣǲǳ֮𣿡
Ӫڣסȥǽ֮ɫộ֮˶ŷɥӣش򷨻ͷһ⡣

ļ겻ͬѰȵϯϣ쵹˱裬Цôʤ̣ƽ壬ôͻ᲻֪ͬвͬĴ򷨡Ǳ٣Զֻܲúͻñ֮ʿĳǵùǵ
ɽѾŵýͽʿɽУݡûޣֻ跨Ӱٳǵᶽͽ

̾˿֪ıҲ٣ϲϴη޽һȷʵǴһɽȳԹǱҼɻ䣬к𣿡

аɡ˿ڲ裬彻֣ûо޽ñЩϤ

һ㶣֪˵ʲô˵޽Ļӹ֣оԮ

֮ǰ޽Ļһֱھǣжıʮ/ЩͻȻıԼģ˴Эѻ

㵣ôһ˵öֵĴ̷弫񣺡⳷Ϊ̽޽Ƿй᣿

º͵Цô򵥣ҪɽȳΪ޽ѵ֮ء


˵ţӪͻȻʿǰξӪǰһֻɵ񡣡

üߣ޽˵̽ļϸҼ

æסţأȥ

ӪǰʮʿæңųìڿһͨȻΪץһֻƤȴûץס
˼ѺͺæȭʵӣһֱӪǰǻȴô׽סô찡

ͷһЦˣʲôӵˣӰϬ뵽ľš
ľѣǼһųָϣȻɵ£
˶ˣղôô

񸹣ǴصСľӣ¶ż

ʿĿ⾹ֻ񣬻ǸŵŸ˶Ŀⶫɰȫˣֹס̽ͷ

˭ţУʡ

ѵͷǾģֻдŵ磬ѾͷȻûأܾȥˣԼϬĲӰ硣
ԼĲ˵ˣ޽ıͻȻӦǻͬ뷨ѲıϣҲµ쵽֪ٵգպһʯݷϡ

ѿŶ֪ԼǸο粻˰ΣοԼͨȫԼ
龫ʵЦˣգһʯٳ֪һʯǵУôܵô

ô
ԶԶˮⲻ˽ʣҲԶ·ᱸҲ޼£Ҫڸݣôٳ֡
Ǹöڻʳ˵һʯʮʯ

գٳ֪ĸʾ˵ѧԺũѧԺҪٳǿԺʾӳһֱܱʹ䣬ٳΪĽﶼ֪Ϣ
ϢһܱߵũǼˣصũѧԺֲֲ飬ǿȫũȥѧϰĵطھȻֺ£ٳǾзԺ

µķԺٳǵԺܼ򵥣ÿֻ̾ܽѧԺѧϰֲؼ
ԺǳӵʼҹϹʳƷʣҲֵó
͵ġʽ

ٳ֪֪ũѧԺȫӰ󣬿û뵽ܴزǱʳнʮʯ˳ɣũѧԺӰ죬Ҫ鹦ũӶ࣬ũռ˴˿ڣ˵£ɲ˻

ٳǾѱɽȽ·̣˵ɽ⣬ֻ޽ͰΧţҪôͽȥźá

ٳǸ⣬һλߵ֪ţȼ֪ˣһƸ֪
ѵīƣһֱǣ⸾˼ȻֳƣȻ˲١
֪˵Ѧϣ漮ٳǶɽСﳤһŮϤúܣнаҶǴĶˣұضУ˽ȥ




79.   79    ҪҾ͸

һʯʳʱ, ѣӪеλʿˣŵ۾

⡭ʳŵʡ
Ȼ΢Ц, Զ硣

ֵúϲ죬ڽʿȥɽڷʳ
ʳǴһͨɽ˹, ³Ҳ», öڷںְȫλá

, һʯѾ˵Ҳи͸ˡǰĸ˵

λϵ, ȥеĹ£ǰѦʱµǸεĸˡ
Ѧˣˡ

˺ƵЦӿˣѦǵĴʳǣҸллǡСʱƬɽ֪ɽͨģ˵ﻹмƻӦôǳȥġ

ѻһ, Ц֪ңȷ¡˵Ҳ, ǰʱһλˣ, ڶɽ˽ʮ, Դ˵Ҳʮ֪ʳû뵽ǱСѾͷһ, ҵ㡣
ɴ˿ѱǼ٣װ֮Ϲ档

˼ȽŻ㣬˵սɽԼĹƣһ͸õˡ

˵ͷ𣿡
ɽͻȻһϵ

Цλˡ

˻ͷȥܾ죬ϸϰΣͻȻϲ壿
塱λһ㶣ͻȻЦ˻С
ң塭էˣδС

ѺЦϵһĻĬĬԶһЩֶŮʱ˵

ͥﰡЩ㹻֧Ŵʮգô찡Цŵ
ݵĶ˳ۣ˵Ͱ

ЦŻأʳˣĳԷ



Ѷһ֣Թ޽ƣһǻҩһ֣ǰըһΣʣӦûУξһΰѼҵװܹ⡣

*

޽õʱ䣬ɽڵʮգʮѹɽڵ˻ǰ˼ûУʱʱ̣һ㲻ݺľӡ

Ųһһնѵ˵޽˿ɫ侲𽥶ҡȡ֮һֿȲ

ɴʱĻӲĴҴҶϴŭة࣬˵ʮ֮ȡͥ׼֮ڱܱپǣʮ֮ѹͥﻹúúõģ㾹Ȼһжȡ

䲻̫أ޽ǸλȨصüͷһ壺ʮˣѵѾǿ֮ĩٵȵȡ

ٵˣ㿴ʽĻܵˣҪȳ͢Ԯ˲ж𣿳Žһ䲻͵Ϯȫܲˡ

ҹû¹⣬ɽһƬڰֻйвľӰҹɫӰӰ´µҡڣɳɳ΢졣
ɽ⣬һµʿٴ֣ҹûĺèһ㣬ɽӪзȥˡ
ɽǱʿӪʲԶͣסţӪΧ˸Ȧţһֳֹһִӱ󻺻ļң׼ӪļӪʡ
شĵӪʣǾͳ˧ӣɱ֮ɵ÷͡޽ꡣ

ż
һ£עӪɫӪ˲ʸ󣬴Ӫ䵽棬ܽӪڵԴ

ͥգ˼ꡣ
ɽ⣬Ӱֶɽξ۵ףǼʸľӪ¶Цݡ
ة࣬˵Ǳǿ׳лҩ֣ǳ֣ҲͥͺҲûǵĶ֣ǻةǿ

޽ȴ˿ģԽܾòԾͥʲôˣЩڸ󸨳ݼҿ⣬ǰǱƳǣôô׾ͱ

᲻ةˡͥǸĳҲڳתÿС

޽ûб˵ڤ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ͵̧ͷԣɽвô

ڴʱͻȻƬźԭֻиOO@@ɽʱǧͻȻѡ
źӪԽԽžǴ̶ɱѵĴȫɱӪУǴʱɱ˭

޽ɫ׷ĪӪиûˣΧǣ壬͵ȥ

Ҳˣô죬ûҩըɣ

ҵĻá޽ŭ䲻ĻԳסôͥȦףҿʧֻǹ֣ǻеƿԴӳ顣

ɽ˻ڲֱţذţͬʱɽڵ˵״̬ȴ෴

ѻӪʣյֽī׼дš
ô죬˿һֱ񫡱һ裬Цˬʡ

ɱǽʿѰҶЩʿʰսӪϵļʸ
˿Ӱý̸

޽ʧذּȫûӣûɲԮһһˬ˵ͥô֪޽͵ϮûýʿתҹڵĿɾǡ

ͣ˱ʣ޽ھô꣬Ǹ͵ж϶֪⼸Ƕӣ϶жǸԼģǶ֮ûỳ޽ļƻǷеͨĿ˹ˣ޽ٲģɲҪѰŽº֮ҹˡ

Ȼô꣬оΪͨʶԭ顢ʱҲǴ̵ʤؼ
޽ʧ˹֣ͻΧĺʱǺβھĴʱʤ׷ͥҾʹȥ̽Ѱͻƿڣݷô죬Ҳʱɱˡ

ȴҡͷɣշǵͻΧҪ

ɻ󣺡

*

ǣ鸮

ͥţ
Ӱһżһֻľ˸⡣

ľڴˣſ϶ѻصģҲˣּȷдǶ߶߶ĻмνͳǶү˵ġ
ΪʲôҪѲרģҲ˰

дע⵽еһ仰ûУ˵

еһ仰ӰһżǡѾͷҪ塱ǡ鲻⣬ǡվأ򸮵ؽб

˵Ŀżɨӣ֪϶ûпص㡣
ҲѹˣѡӰУһż飬ֲֻмֻ࣬˵Ȥ£֮ࡣ
ɵֻһ䣺޾ҳ֮Ľ

䡣ָеǾ仰˵ĽҪֵıʤؼ

ӰڼзпǾ仰žͥϹ߶ʱ˳һ䣬羹Ȼˣ
롭

лֱ˵ûиĽķ

ûУҲ˵ܴб£רҵԿڣǱҲǰĹģ˭ҲóȻĶ
ûУͥƾ˳һ˵̫ˡ

΢΢ͷȱʲôֲҪȻҿˣҪҾ͸




80.   80    ĸTͷģʾ

, 촦
һ鼮ңڷļشì飬صķ, ʱ켼Ǵֹ죬ȰƷۻˮ, ٵֱģ, ˻ˮд, õΣپֹĴĥУ𽥳Ϊһܳ۳ɳı

֪, ִĶ켼ùҵֹѭԭһģ趼ûнϴ

ϸĽĿռ䲻
˼Ƭ̣ĿڼƷϡ

˳һָʵʵĳָ£ͳ
ʱı죬ЩԵɺµõ彣Ҳйŷеͭ, ȻͭЩһȱ㡪׶ױʴ

רҵ, ǿǿȵ͡͸ʴձʹ, ȴﲻҪ

ȻڹϸĽ, ܷӲ֣

Ա߾Ƕң¶Ȳһߣǿһȵò, ƹƹҵĴȫעдʲôǼ鶼δ

ڣ˱ʣؼֽϵݡ
ֽдּһȴĺҲǿġ

ʱ⴫ҴҵĽŲűƿλˣ͹顣

Խ鼮ҵĲ飬Լι۶ҶḶ́ȫλ顣
ĵ׷Ů٣Щ˿ŮΪ٣һЩ֮ˣΪŮΪҪ˷ѱӴ󣬶ŮҪӡ
Ǻߣҵ˵뿴һ۶쳧˵зˡ

ֻǿ˺ҡ

ҵˡӰ˰Ѷͷϵĺ

̧ͷˣʲôˣ

Ӱմµǰղǲ޽ͬ°˳棬⣬ͬ塣

ô֪ģ

꣬ÿҲ⡣糯˵ǰ͹ĳѾ·ˣⱾûʲôɻ˵֪Ϊ֮ͣӶ࣬Լĳĳ֮ġ

ü޽йᣬ˷Ҫ޽Ӧϡ

ǰӰ˵ǰ޽ڣ⣬ǱΪ˽ͻҩ޽Ļӱӣ巴Ҫˡ

һʣϺͳйԱǵ̬أ

дһ˵һ峵ӽģ˵峼ҳ꣬в֮ģóȻǵĽ֮·Եó͢ڿڲһ˵ʲôĶУڻϣδ̬

ͷ֪ıҲ⡣ڶɽ޽Ҳˣ᲻֪޽ͬͰ弴дŸ֪

λ˶Դ˾顣

Ŀдõֽ棺ʲô

дãûתʱܿԣҴĽõĲȡ

һϲΪƾٷŮ٣ΪǱ£ܸĽڹǴһˣκα˲ޡ
æܲϲæϸ

ֻԽ˵ɻ֮ɫԽء
ʶСԲȦмбǸʲôְ֣ǲǱôʶĲʶַһôͲأ
ѲɸƾٵĶ̶ֳˣǿƾٳˣ

˵꣬ӰҲȥ
˿Ҳһ⡭˵ôôһ

һЦλˣһЩĸţǲʹùԿתд־Ϳˡ

λ棺¡

ָһţǽаٷֺţʾĳԭԭеռݣֲǡһĸTдһָϵ࣬˵ĹǴ˲ͬԪءЩպһдö쳧ȥѧϰҲʡдӺֵķ

дֲִĵ䷽Դִ࣬ĺϽܺá֪ĸֲڶ֣ͬĸͷͬĸֲģкϽ֣Ҳ̼ظ֣̼ع߸ֵȵȡʺģ̼ع߸ֵǲѡҲǱɴᵽġֿͷһ֣ʵĸTͷģʾ̼ع߸֡

쳧±ԭϵͬʱɽҲûš

޽ҹн֣˫˭롢˭ǻȸѼ
˴γ˴޽һҪĿģ޽֪ʮɽУδ˿ͨ
ĿѾﵽƻѷƣôγɽȣͨѦϸֶŮ˴죬ɽܳ롣

Χգ뵹ǿ죬һҹĹʮøɸɾ
Ĵδؾǣɺ죬뾩Ԯغϣһתͷ׼Χ޽һֱȥˡ

ȴֻһپ/ɣɽжԿ޽

ҹǸϡҹ¹ɽ۾ֱܷӪڵλá
ɽĵĵ峺ʤ¼õԡ

޽ɫĿ⴩֣λã޲ý֮ʬΡ

ةࡣ߹ɫͬɭɲûĸ˰̵˻кɫϴóȻԣʧ֣Ҳԡ˿ʵʲةͥ޵УѵĿˣ

޽еŭ𲻱٣Ǽڻλǵѣ޵λԶھǣȴǰҪ˵˭̲סɱŪѡ

ЩҩԭŹ򾩳á޽ԥ̫ˡ

һ޽Ҳ˼̵һͥʮ˴ʲôѴģ

޽ãջͷ

䡪

žɽͻȻһ죬д˸ޱȵɽ޾ɢȸɣըöᡣ

Ȼǿʼļʱɽͱѣըͣ˵ˣⷬըﶼûС

ֱسֹˣŵһ⣬޽ɽеľ󣺼ľսڵϣݴԸͬ㷭ҶһأɫջٴʣǵĲ໹ţĿ֮ǽ塣

ȥ޽ҵͥʬըˣҲøҴӷϷֱ

һ㣬ըЩְ֮˭赲ĵǻ֮·

СʿȥˣȻûȥɫ֣ǵײײة࣬үȡвûκ˵ʬ尡




81.   81    ˲ٳ

ɽвûκһ˵ʬ塣
޽仰, ԼĶ䣬̧˼֣˵ʲôȷûŪ

ģȷʵûκˡСʿҲޱ, ɽʮȫƾʧˣ

޽ɽȥǻŲ·, һ·ۏʯľɽ, ͬСʿ˵, ˵ӰӰûС
Χˣҹĵ, ·һΣѡ

ڴʱɽͻȻҡźͬ˳ɽеļž
޽ͬµıȫ

ʱ˲ʶɽ·뷨شôΧǿϷĿľΪǱЩڷΧ˵Ĺ, ըڿյϵĻҩõ֤

˿̲ǼƽЩʱɽĺɱͷϵ, ʱܽʬΡ


޽űŪŭһ˻

ҲҶ˵ʲô, µľƸԤƵԶ, ˵λˣѱ

*

ڶɽȴ࣬˶, ڴӻɽҰгؼٳǵա
ȻҲûٳǶڴΧ޽߲ط̫˼Ҵҽٳ֪һЩƺº󣬱㶯ȥݡ

ݣ˵ص֪вԨǸʮµľӣһ˫۲ȴ͸©Ĺ⡣
˿̣̫ʦϺȲ裬һֻйʯ̫ڵƶΨݸǵ񡣡
Աź۸æУү˼磬ΪͣǸǶүжء

Ԩǹ˹⻰ͱ˵ˣ޽ӣµı˭лδ֪ҵ߶ţ˭ܵǵĺá
ۼֱķڷүı칻ѧһˣүרŴɨϵȿͷʱЪţ͸·˰ɡ

˵ţ˽үˣڸ׸ͥݵ

Ԩת̫һ٣ֱʣͥٳʲô˶ˣ

үû˵⣬ֻ˵˽ܵ飬СסһʱգԼġ

߱Ͼǳ͢سԨҵæӭ

ͨĹѾܵ¥ˣ¥ͳǽѲһȦհѵƿ꣬ԨҲ͵ˡ

ѽôˣ԰Ԩ˳¥ͳ˷ӭ·Ƕ겻ѣ̬֮ʮ㡣

תЦ֪й͵ã

Ԩȷ嵱ͣǰȴҳϣȥڵˡ

΢΢һЦǼڵʲôʱ̣

硣Ԩάһ硣

ѵͷ

Ԩ̽˲ٳô

ٳǵ鷳ˡζؿ۶Էת¥ȥĴձҪݣ֪׼ӭӰɡ

ԨͷһݣȻôˣٳǵսͥ˵Σѽ⡣
޽Ļأǲǻգ

ϣ֪ӵļ죬ѻسķΣҡһ䣬˸˲ϲ˵Сˡ
֪󷽣ٷԵĴ㷹ʳԻȥϢȥˡ
ֱڶļλͷԻģǰӰ˺ü·бб·Ƶġ

̵͡͡һʿУи⿡εģЦеǰ棬ȫĸλ·

ſڣиƤѥվסŲͷʿļͷģǰͳˣ̴˿ǼˡϣСӳûͦ

䡰ÿСЦЦߡ

ȳӻʻţʿСţ·ôô죬ͨǵ·𣿡
Ҳ죬ͷΣѾֱ治ˡ
㿴Ǹʯôǵʱ·Ͼиʯǲߴ·˰ɣ
ôܣ֪ǳĳǰ

˵ʲôأʵ
죬ûߴ·ɣ

̧ȥ⾰ԽԽ죬ȵͷɲǼһˮ˹
ԭҪӱųȥȥǵĹٵȴϳųˣ·Ȼԭ·ˣ
ҧгݵǸͷıһ⣡

ȵٷݳǣѾرգǺϵĵŶڷˡ

ڳ¥سķѾֳµĹӡ
ЦŶԳ¥µ˵󷽣ĳôĳܲλѡʹ˴ظǰ£




82.   82    йֻһ

ɫ쳣ѿ, ݺݵضѣҲԭĶɴӲս˵һССݳǣǾ, Ҳõ£

Цдżӣֳҳʮ꣬ԡϹΪ, ô, ͳ

ȷʵ׳Ƴô, ˣųеة޽Ļзģ˫н, ΪͬˣͬƷĵۣôҷ֡
ͽˣǿؽݵĳӣʵصĶǰͱ

ϵʱ޽ŵͷдҩʤ㲻νܹһ·ã·ϱ˷˲ԣҲû, ǿȥǡ
ҪбҪ

, ˿̱ƭȥҲֻǷŭֵĽթ, Ǻ¡
ſ񣺡ĳֻˣС, ƭǳΣһ£ݳһ֮ڸ㹥

ЦݸҰĹȻС, ;оȻܹǶ

ϣҲװˣγ䵶һָ֮ڣضҪǰǳء

ѹ˹ǣӳǽϳ롣
ԭƽ˾ݳǣ˿̳ս֮һ˶ɽǱߣսҲһ

˳¥ڳſڿ֪Ԩ
֪ڳǽתϾǽ֮ɫΪϱͣתͷѾͱƵĳǵΪ˵Ĵ治֮ԣôܲ

æӭǰ˴ˣ巴ѣڳаصҲ֪鰡
ҲΪ֪߲̴ˣĻᡣ
Ԩæͷ
һṥǣбŴ

ʱ֣Ȼ˵ʼʽݳǡ
岿ĽʿڲԭԣǻΪУֺǱԭǿࡣ
оǵıѸԣıȱıãҲΪܴԣǹúطĳࡣ

ѵϳ¥¥ս
ǳǰɱб˴ڳ¥سǣʿҲʣǸǸöֿϳ¥سǵıಫ

ݵıǿʤڳǳؼ̣岻ռƣȴʤʿͱ뺷˫⣬һʱȻֲ¡

һҹļ籩꣬ʱֲֹꡣ
峷˾ݳⰲӪկǳº˵ҹĽʿݵʿҲˣսԶ˺

̫ճǰһ˽ͥ㱾£ҹǴ˸ƽϰɣռųǳȴܴӮǣ䣡Ȱ㻹ʵʵؾǰɣ

Ѿ֪ѵĴ٣Ŀˣ𼤽΢һ߳ŭʼʧִˡ
ҵǣѲڡࡱеһЩ˵ĻҲֻһЦ֮͵ȮϹ͡

ֻǡ˵ĻȴҲȫǼٻݳǵʱûޣسҲסȥС˾´󰡡

ڴʱԨһżˣˣһš

ݳǵûֻ֪ĵ֪ۡĵűȻ̣ڶɽ޽սֽ֮ǰʱдţ˭д
ѲżּϤĺܣһЦһ¶ڣ硣

ôˣ״Ԫɺ̽ɶѾΣǻϵұۣʲôϢⶼ磬ѾͷƵϡ¡еѧԺũѧԺѧ鲼ȫûס硣

ֹסԺ΢Цȥϵݡ
ʲôʲô˵˴ԭϣõĴм΢ϣõһܸҲԽΪ֡
ֲıܴͬıᣬʡ˵ӽʡϣҪ²ϱҪ֮ǰǿࡣ´һѾݵ·ϣ±Կɻ˳֡

дݵ࣬һ磬ļ಻϶˵һϻ
ˣѻȫǺЦһᣬȴΪص룬ôܲӶģž壬ĶҪˣ޲ս£ɱؾȥ

ôĵûвػ֪ȴǰ¡
żߵ¥ߣװŭͣʿʲôͣǲͬһʱ䣬Ҹһԡ

תۼһȦף·ϣֵˣⲻϸˣ

գԼǰȴݽʿȫ˱еĵǹʽûô仯ʸȴǲ࣬ӼʵкХ䵶ײһȻ˿ѷɫ
壬ǿΨһҲʧȥˡ

ͥǻ˱
ѣôҳȻиֶԱ˸Ľ

ͷһĳν˲żüãıͳǼ˻۾ıĳǲǸȷľ
ʱֲģһʤҳٲǵңԭ

⻰»ܲһһ峷òˡ
Ӧãʲô

ǹǡ˵ǲԭΪ˲ԣٹǿеݱսߣλܶסӮ

ѣһΪ

Ҫ˵ѴԼϬϴҪһֵıһո̸±Ե飬͵ˡ

̨ͶʯԭȻϸģԭܼ򵥣ڻеིĻԭ

ЦЦԭӮĿܶزǸûʤѼֱΪĬ

浽˱֮գͶʯҪãٳ֮ǰͽԶԶסһٿǰֻܴͷɥ䡣

һ˲ĳĬĳĵطܸ˲ţеԭΪǲԭľеѾûͶʯһǳصĻᶼûУһͿص˳ס

ǸԼˣǰӦᷴڣңң˸ԭĹ񣬱˵ͷۻˡ

ˣΣ

ԶڶɽĺϽҲϢƵо޽ܡжҵʼٸߣѹʡ

ıߵС㲻ǣ壬ﶨٲˣ޽ˡ
ѾҪǵˣһ𣬺Ѿûˣֻӱ޸ϻؾǣˡ

Ȼû磬ȴ֪࣬ӸɽͱٵͶʯϾûһţʱʱ̿ȱʲôǰ棬һ̴ɡ
һ뵽⣬Ѿ·ֻװˣҲʢԵʲô

ݴݣٳǴݣ
ûһͬؾһƥһ̤˻ؾ;
ǧǧҪһؾѵͲСϿ϶ͣˣһŷͲҪйֻһˡ




83.   83    Ҿùݣ򡭡

Ѻͺδؾ, ʤ̵ĽݱѾؾǡ

Ҳ˵ΪʤػһգͿ๦߶֮, ĵȻзͣѣĳսҲº, ˶ʼδġ
Ҫ˵˴ƽ޽ıĴ󹦳, ѵһ, ڶɽʱɼƣһһͰ޽ĻҩɱΧ֮УʱּʱĽ·, Σݳ֮⡣

һʱ䣬ھǷͷаٹ˳ޣеЩŮǸĽĲɷĿιӾȻͨȨıӵֱһ㡣

Ѵʤ̣ԼȴһӮô˳
ӾдϢ, Ȼûռ㹦ͣûԼ˵, ·ԼƽҳӣֻĬĬø¡

һ˵, 翴Į, ʵĻҹһ˵ͬĸأɲˣһ㲻ΪԼһ, Ѻۡ
Ϊҹһ棬⣬ҲףЩ˽ͬУһΪԼģι޽˲߲㼱к͵ģ뵽⣬ĵֲ˿˿

Щؾȥ硣
Ѵ˿Ψһ뷨

պʾ뺫ϣֲĴ϶Ϊһͬؾ

̴ˬ죬һѣЦӣݴݣϲϲ
صٳͬǴȫʤͬϲ
ٹϲңҲǻϰѡЦ̽ϿҪΪָ鰡

һ㶣ָ飿

ָǹҫ£٣֪飬ԾǺ£ǧȷ˵˴˴󹦣ֵʻͣҪѻʺճĹָ㡣

ѣ
Ҫʲôʵôôϲͻ鰡

ӣüǴϲ£ô֮ɫ

ѵ֮;ܾĵ۵ָ飬پܾĵ϶ÿһҪܵģô˵ٺú롣

Ƭ̺ͻȻҾͲһͬؾˣȸǡ
˵꣬һƥһޣۏ

˾ǣѵһ¾Ҹϣ֪򸮡
һ·糾͵س򸮱ԺȻƼһӰͥԺһ鿴

ѷ˽Ų߹ȥ뷽ŷģྶ߽ͥˣẰѾͷ

̧ͷܱû̫仯۾ȴϴξһ𣬿ûˡ

ô磬˵سա顣

ûһȻˡʲôأ

õһʫȫҪƽʱѿ϶羹Ȼʫ£ûʳڡ

𻰣ֵȥһط
˵ţ߳ͥԺ򸮵طСƹȣһƫƧľıԺ

ȻƫƧȴɨһȾԺŵ̴ζ
һãڷڵλϹٲȻҵá

ΪʲôͻȻֵطöʱ˵Ǹʥĵطһ㲻˽롣

Ƕλһ㣬ת֣µ֪Ϊָ˻飬ɲǵŮұ㲻Ȣ磬ʶʱȻҶȴһ֮С

ᵽָ£Ŀ΢㣬ѵϵָȷʵҫҡҪǲͬ⣬ҿջس

⻰˵ˣջسôҲϸȥ
ҪҲȥô˵

Ĳ˵ţ˸պýЦʲô˵˵ģͥﶼ̬ˣôĥĥģ

£̬
üûü˺ȥĵطԲ֪ĵָ󻹷һ䶯ǵ¡

糯ĵ۸ƽй֮ͣΪָʱҲڣһֱĬ΢´ĵ˵꣬ͻȻ̧ͷߵ룬صϲҪΪָͥ顣

类ΪŮһ͵׮׮ģȴٶԳ֮ϵ๣ǵһΣ仹Ϊѵ¡

ĵŶҪΪָͥ飬ΪΣ޵ĵչǲòѵŮӡ

ǻ£ܸԤͲǸˣɽոԤˣһ˲ҲΪʲôֻ֪ǰվĻѻ͵Ȣϵĵչˣ뵽ͺܲ˵ǳ嶯ʲô֮վ˳
ϵĵչȻڣɡȴָͥ

֮һƬȻ׷λΪֹϵָ飬Ҫ֪ϵָҫָĻǵչҪ֪Ҫ

㷴£ܵøһ˵ùȥɡĵ۵

ĬãͻȻ̧ͷϣϲͥԲָˡ

˵ղŴֻ֮ǻȻھը˹
ʲôΨһһλŮµϹͥ˾ܾϵָ飬Ҹˣ治֪һ󵨾ٶ

˵ˣԼùͷˣǰûôߵߵһػǵӺٹٵ棬ҪѺЩѧĶǸЦ˰ɣ
Ҳܲôˣ˵ȥĻóȥˮⱾıġ

ĵҲ嵽ˣ˺һŵ֪ڸ޵Ůˡ

粻ŮҺ͹ֻҪƽĻᣬֻҪϲָ飬Һ͹ƾ¡

ĵ۶֪ηӦûôֱԲŮӣҲǣ籾볣˲ͬ˲֮£ϸӶˡ
㱾Ҳй֮˴ηޱݣǹݣʲôλȨصжѡ

лϺ⣬Ҿùݣͥ

ã˽ǰµϷ£˶סˡ
Σת磬Сʣ㡢ô˵ģ
µ˵ϲ˻ϵָ飬Īܿ죬ĶǲŵĻϲֻ˵Ķ硣

粻֪ʱȾ˺ΣǲӦ˵ˣ㣬ҿԸ˵ջس

ѻæǰһһжȡĹӣЩæңǻ䱦һǣ֣ջسȥ˻ϵּ⣬Ǵͻ飬ͻ㣬㡭ٺòˡ

ûջ̧֣ӣ㲻ң

ЦɵѾͷȥ硢Ҷͺ֣Ҷ⣬㻹˭֪

¶ؿˣһοЦﾡ⡣

Ŀģ۽üҵЦزסͽл

ס㼱ʲôֻͬ˲͹ָ飬û˵Ϊָ顣

ѽһ٣ʲô˼

ղűߵüﻹһʫȫ̫󣬵չˣ컹һԣԵݾⱾʫȫӮ˲бָʸ񡣡

ѣ
ôһ⣿˭֪óľʫʣչСʦӺԺовŮ֮ƣⲻǡ

ʲô飿

ЦΣѾͷ治Ҳ㣬Ҹˡ




84.   84    кͥʫƪ

Ҫ͹ʫȫ, ǰ糯𣬵ʽԣҲʱ䡣
ɰѼ, ֲ˵ԵòƵ, ȷʵǼ, Ͼ絽ʫʶһϲͨ, ˼Ūˡ

һϣ籧ŴǺһʫȫĬѽͲ, ҲҴ磬ĬĬ˵µĵطƻϳȣ˭óһģ

ôһş̌ͷʡ

ƻµŮӸƬʧ񣬶Цͺñȸʱϰ䣬ȻҸָֹУûյ¾׽ţĶע, Ҹš

綨ؿӮ䣿

ôʱ⡣Ϊ֣, ȻϣӮҲ̫ѹ, , ҲȢ˵չ

ǶҸĺˡ

˵أŮӵĶԼΪעѾȻ֪, ˱ǰһ֪ԭԼȻǶעΪŮӴ֣Ůǵ
ĽѵСǲ˵ձԵλһλǻʺճĽ֦ҶһλǱΨһġͷʢŮ٣Ľµĺöˡ

Ҳ֪ЦΪ͹ĶԼûϵһпڵĻᣬܲĻᶼҰɡ

ЦЦÿɷ

˵ʵڵġ֪ӺʹȴǲҰٷְٷģⱾʫȫôˡ

һд˵ʮֻ˵߷֣𣺡ȥϢ׼ڱ֮ǰꡣ
Ҳǿѷ糾͵ظϻ¶಻ú˶ЩһͣȣԸű飬ԲãˬڵʱСˡһֱڶûͣЪ

ƷйػζĹůֻͣô˵˼һ鶼ûˣҲǣϾôһأˣ궼ðѮɣ
Э˴Ҳûã𿴵̫ˣҾڸڣһҪҡ

ߵúᣬ羹ҲŶۣһţǱòһˡ

Ҫ͵չԵºܿǶ֪ˣ˵ⳡԻΪͥϢһȫǵĹﶼˡ
ͥŮĶ󣬿֪֮Ķ֪ǲӵеģֻΪ˿Ӿ˭ҡ

ԵصѡڹеɣֲӺ͹Ӽѧǳ˼棬ԵصɣĹӺأҲʺŪīá

ΪĵҲҪԳϯĴٹǲ٣ɣشйҲкܶӹǵˣһʱ侹ҲַǷ

ǰǿ鲻СĿյأǰָʱ͵չѾλ۳Ҫʼ

ѳ˸͡ƣȻڵٹٷ׷״Ȥ˵޸ǳλòڵŮΪչ飬ȢλŮӶǸǵչ˽ǵۺĳǰ;

ĿջǳЦ˵ޥģҼΪŮӣܿ£ʵĳĸ
ǻﻰάˡ

չͣвٺǵĹǰΪһЩͽ׵ҲˣǷΪ͹֮ƲСҲӡ
ߣȴЩ塣

̵ˣԵЩȴ˿Ȳϱ˵ĵطֻ𣬵˼䡣

ʱͱһɣĹž͵ģͰ

΢΢ͷ

͹Сۡ
⹤˸֪ôҲôӡ
Ͳ֪˰ɣ˵˱ѱ˻ˡ

ǰ˵λԼҪͽʺżͦİ

δ䣬ֽˣǹεɷ®ε硢ԼԺʹҶ
ԺյĽʿѾΡ

һ첽ߵǰ˸ѧݼ񣺡ףɹ
΢΢һЦǳ͢ԱˣԺд񡣡

®ֱڿ죺ǲǿ£ǵɡ
˵ͷͬ

󹬵ǷǣһĻۺ졣
˵ʲôţţﱾ¿Ķ֡
˵ɣҲ˵յıĿ͹ģЩΪĳǰѧҪ˵Ҳб£ѧ˴٣ÿһҪ๣ǵ๵ȥ

ǺϽŮ缴ʹݣվȺֵĶ飬繰˹֣Сܵߣǵ˵Ż
йӼѧǣ˹٣̬ȣȻϹϾġ

Цŵͷ

͹ЩΪʲôܳɸյŮ٣ڳҰзͷһʱλЩ󹬵ŮӲͬ
ǰΪĹԱԽԽ࣬͹ΪӵŮȺؽеģЩ˲ʼɣΨһץӸεͥʱ͵Ц⡣
ԻûʼԼѾˡ

ܹһϼݵĵűʾǿʼ

͹εıʽܼ򵥣ƷɻѡһֻһʣҪĬдִָʵʫƪ˭ĬдĶ࣬˭Ӯ

ǺԺһλ˼ʹȴǷŵúܣ֪αԵĿΪ֮ˣѡˡͥ͡֣ǺӦˡ

ִʣλ㿪ʼֽպīīʫ
͹ǵĲŮСܺԺѧʿָ±ˮдֹֿһīʮƪСͥֵʫ䡣

磬߱Ϊдѵ֣ʱ˼֣أдȻ죬ȴȵʼ⼸뿪ֽ棬·ֻҪʱдĵϡ

ʱհдͬӹддžҪͣƬ̡
̫Ը񣬴˿Ҳڿ̨ϣԱߵ˵⹫Ǵȴ̤ʵľƮˮϣţȥ

Ҳڸ硢Ҷ˵ŵ̫࣬ŵǳȣף˷ġ
Ц㻹ģ

̫ںԵģѲһţôʫ
˻֪ᱳʫƾСԴôʲôʫʱᣬ֪ǰܱʫ֮
һȥ£ҪڶʱӮмңǶĿ飬úܣԽԽۣԽ絭Ȼµǿж顣

һʱȥˣ͹ͣٵĴԽԽ࣬ĬдʫƪѾ𽥱練ȴҪͣļûС

ǰʱȥ͹׸ʣЩŵؿ磬翪ʼʱһȳƵдš
ôܣ˴̽㣬ŮӼûȱȵùֻʫһǷȱóʫʡ
µԼĹͻȡ£Ϊͬȡһԣ˳Ӯ磬ͥ˿͹ѹ硣

ŵһʫȫ

ʵǰ粢δ䣬ҪԼ

ˡӹ±ʣʧ˵

ĵ̾˿ϣԼŮӮģǰһذο͹
ȴ˿ǲЦ̫ԣھȥߣ˵ˡ
ȴɻô࣬ĵֱǰǰظ硢Ҷ˷Ϣ

ٴαԣʤ
ǱεĻʤߣͣˡ

һٱʣȴûٴˣīɡ
ѣǵȻ˿˿ӹȴ赭дȻдôˣҰкͥʫƪд




85. []    һͬȥ̡ɽ硭

ǵ㴺, Ϸǳһ졶˱롷ֱƳϻδͣЪ˵ӦȫǹҪ, ԰οʧȥİࡣ

ɣ´˾ǣϻ۵ͬʱ, ҲΪŮӵ¸, Ҫ֪˿ͥ
Ϊ缴Ӯ͹, ҹҲǸڻȨˣԼϲŮӣðҲҪΥ, ࿴һ
˭֪ɣϢǣѵ֪ʤڿ֮ɫֱߵ԰˲ѵԲƹ˺ü

ԭΪŮԲĵ˼һԸļѻ

ǺǵŮˣ˶ĶҪָˣɲóһס
鳪, 粢ûŭְ, вŮҰҺޣǵİ, Ժ׷ҲҪѧϰ, Ϊǿ

Ӯ˱ԣ˵ѡ
û뵽չô˳ʱϲ, ֪ҪʫʱĵǲӮһ̣ʹʹĿϲˡ
ǧУһЩĿǷܾӦ£ȫˡ

ǣӿʼߵıˡ

򸮴ϯǰͣɺĿŵػϵĴͻ飬ͻĶ˭ͲԶˣⲻĿŵİܸô
ţóկһϲϲžɵַҲ˭зݣһֺͯǺǵسǵͯҥѹٷ磬ơ
Ҳ֪᲻

Ȩȫһ飬Զصǲ֪ġ
СƽҸճϢ

ͷһСԺӣʯߣӦǸշ²á
ԺͻȻһʮĸˣﱧ˳һСιϴʵЦԿ˳˳⡣


ſ·һͯһǺ«ǵغ

ĸ̧ͷЦúǴȰСѿָǺ«ˣ

Сѿеһźɽ髣˵ҵģԺæҪ״Ԫ

״Ԫ컨ЦϺǳϢˣ˶ûأȥԺ

˵ⶼøл㡣Сѿ˵磬ЦСѶˣɶʱ

ҲЦøŨȴɵѾͷûģҲ֪

Сѿ죺Ųɵ

˵ţˣСѿһͺ

ҲͷȥЦ˵ϺСѿ˵أզͻˣ

˵Ц˵ѾͷҪˣ͵ѧԺ²࣬ʹϵţþûѾͷˡ

һϲȴ⣺Ѿͷһܶ£ȫ˵ͷӭ

ѿǿɲѾͷϵһȥǵĹ

ĸ⻰˵ˣ峿һȥӿڵ磬ԵҲǶ˵ںȴһһ硣

ӿڣ֣ⷢȻѾۼ˲ˣϸϵס
ǽͦ簡к

ѾͷҪˣء

ĸһ㶣˼ộ֪ĻΪ״Ԫˡ

翼̽ٻҲԷӿӭӵģҰҹˮϯס
ûƾ٣һ˵ıϵũũߡ̼Ǹú顭ϵĺôʤһﶼĺأԼҹŮؼ֮С

Ǻһģλʵѵ⡣
Ӷָˣø֪ŮƵգýƸذѹӭš

Щû˰ɣ磬֪ŮǷ⡣

⻰ǿЦˣѲûȥңʱ͸Ҹĸ˲ǽһܵϲĲС

ⶺҷԴˣ˭᲻㰡

νӴսѾͷС

ֲǿÿɷƿҪˡ

۳ǰС˺Цʣ˵ģʵͦģо;˵ϸָϢŵҿӱ޾͸ϻȥˣû뵽Ѿˣʲôʱ򡭡

Լص̫ãѶɿһ˿һĲԡ

Ҫ׵ˣҲѣ£ȥƵ£ɽмûϢҸҹġ
˵赭дȴף絣

ͽݱһͬģǻָּ⡣ЩС˵Ļѵû߼Դûֿ˹ԣԺҲ롣
Ծѻؾ˻ϵָ顣

һԳ֣ʲôȴǰ¶ģ˵ðҲֱӣô᲻ףԱ˵
֪ģϲ˵ķʽ
ţԺ»

ǰ͵ˡ

Сѿһܹ˵绳С㡱

ס˹С̧ͷȥû뵽ôˣ˽ӾǴһַݺ񣬸Ҹĸϡ
˵ҷԴˣӦǰ磬롣

ѵЦúϲ£죺ĵСӰ濡

ܵǾ򸮵Ĺӣͥ

ǵģǿɶǴ˼Ұ׳һʣѾͷǡ

Ц𣺡λ׵ġ

һ㶣Ӧ׷˵ź£ĸҲˣϲ磺Ǵ󻧣ôôû˵һˡ

˵ѽ͵磬׼ִˣ׮ԭǻָ顣

ˣ
ָ鰡ȫû˰ɣ

ϵĴ֪ͥţĿɶ֪һЩشλ·࿴۾ܿˡ

֮ϵ˶Ůǳ⣬˺üա

*

ĵ۶ʮӰ䲼گԺɸݵҪѧԺɷѧԺļѧԺеѧԺũѧԺԼ¿ĲĻѧԺ
ѧԺÿѡ˲ţΪ͢ĽשߣӸѧԺѡе˲ţڿƾٿѡĹԱ

گһԺ׷Ӧ˵ؿѧԺԶǰȥأ̿ԺؾΪŷƸ統ʲôƶʹ

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